19,837 research outputs found
Digital test signal generation: An accurate SNR calibration approach for the DSN
A new method of generating analog test signals with accurate signal to noise ratios (SNRs) is described. High accuracy will be obtained by simultaneous generation of digital noise and signal spectra at a given baseband or bandpass limited bandwidth. The digital synthesis will provide a test signal embedded in noise with the statistical properties of a stationary random process. Accuracy will only be dependent on test integration time with a limit imposed by the system quantization noise (expected to be 0.02 dB). Setability will be approximately 0.1 dB. The first digital SNR generator to provide baseband test signals is being built and will be available in early 1991
Asymptotic stability at infinity for differentiable vector fields of the plane
Let X:R2\Dr->R2 be a differentiable (but not necessarily C1) vector field,
where r>0 and Dr={z\in R2:|z|\le r}. If for some e>0 and for all p\in R2\Dr, no
eigenvalue of D_p X belongs to (-e,0]\cup {z\in\C:\mathcal{R}(z)\ge 0}, then
(a)For all p\in R2\Dr, there is a unique positive semi--trajectory of X
starting at p; (b)\mathcal{I}(X), the index of X at infinity, is a well defined
number of the extended real line [-\infty,\infty); (c) There exists a constant
vector v\in R2 such that if \mathcal{I}(X) is less than zero (resp. greater or
equal to zero), then the point at infinity \infty of the Riemann sphere
R2\cup\set{\infty} is a repellor (resp. an attractor) of the vector field X+v.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
Observation of the Quantum Zeno and Anti-Zeno effects in an unstable system
We report the first observation of the Quantum Zeno and Anti-Zeno effects in
an unstable system. Cold sodium atoms are trapped in a far-detuned standing
wave of light that is accelerated for a controlled duration. For a large
acceleration the atoms can escape the trapping potential via tunneling.
Initially the number of trapped atoms shows strong non-exponential decay
features, evolving into the characteristic exponential decay behavior. We
repeatedly measure the number of atoms remaining trapped during the initial
period of non-exponential decay. Depending on the frequency of measurements we
observe a decay that is suppressed or enhanced as compared to the unperturbed
system.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Maternal haemodynamic function differs in preâeclampsia when it is associated with a smallâforâgestationalâage newborn: a prospective cohort study
Objective
To describe maternal haemodynamic differences in gestational hypertension with smallâforâgestationalâage babies (HDP + SGA), gestational hypertension with appropriateâforâgestationalâage babies (HDPâonly) and control pregnancies.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
Tertiary Hospital, UK.
Population
Women with gestational hypertension and healthy pregnant women.
Methods
Maternal haemodynamic indices were measured using a nonâinvasive Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitor (USCOMâ1AÂź) and corrected for gestational age and maternal characteristics using deviceâspecific reference ranges.
Main outcome measures
Maternal cardiac output, stroke volume, systemic vascular resistance.
Results
We included 114 HDP + SGA, 202 HDPâonly and 401 control pregnancies at 26â41 weeks of gestation. There was no significant difference in the mean arterial blood pressure (110 versus 107 mmHg, P = 0.445) between the two HDP groups at presentation. Pregnancies complicated by HDP + SGA had significantly lower median heart rate (76 versus 85 bpm versus 83 bpm), lower cardiac output (0.85 versus 0.98 versus 0.97 MoM) and higher systemic vascular resistance (1.4 versus 1.0 versus 1.2 MoM) compared with control and HDPâonly pregnancies, respectively (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Women with HDP + SGA present with more severe haemodynamic dysfunction than HDPâonly. Even HDPâonly pregnancies exhibit impaired haemodynamic indices compared with normal pregnancies, supporting a role of the maternal cardiovascular system in gestational hypertension irrespective of fetal size. Central haemodynamic changes may play a role in the pathogenesis of preâeclampsia and should be considered alongside placental aetiology
Anisotropy in nanocellular polymers promoted by the addition of needleâlike sepiolites
This work presents a new strategy for obtaining nanocellular materials with high anisotropy ratios by means of the addition of needleâlike nanoparticles. Nanocellular polymers are of great interest due to their outstanding properties, whereas anisotropic structures allow the realization of improved thermal and mechanical properties in certain directions. Nanocomposites based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with nanometric sepiolites are generated by extrusion. From the extruded filaments, cellular materials are produced using a twoâstep gas dissolution foaming method. The effect of adding various types and contents of sepiolites is investigated. As a result of the extrusion process, the needleâlike sepiolites are aligned in the machine direction in the solid nanocomposites. Regarding the cellular materials, the addition of sepiolites allows one to obtain anisotropic nanocellular polymers with cell sizes of 150 to 420ânm and cell nucleation densities of 1013â1014 nucleiâcmâ3 and presenting anisotropy ratios ranging from 1.38 to 2.15, the extrusion direction being the direction of the anisotropy. To explain the appearance of anisotropy, a mechanism based on cell coalescence is proposed and discussed. In addition, it is shown that it is possible to control the anisotropy ratio of the PMMA/sepiolite nanocellular polymers by changing the amount of wellâdispersed sepiolites in the solid nanocomposites
Parametric Study of Infrared Imaging Based Breast Cancer Detection Program
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women and is responsible for over 41,000 lives every year in the US according to The American Cancer Society. Current screening and imaging methods such as mammography, breast magnetic resonance imaging, and breast ultrasound imaging have helped in improving survival rate when the cancer is detected at an early stage. The problems with these techniques include: low sensitivity, patient discomfort, invasiveness, and cost. Due to current advancements in infrared and computational technologies, infrared thermography has been utilized as a noninvasive adjunctive screening modality. A computerized approach using infrared imaging (IRI) has been recently developed at RIT in collaboration with Rochester General Hospital for breast cancer detection and image localization. The parameters used in this simulation have been selected based on limited information available in the literature. This study focuses on analyzing the effects of different tissue thermal parameters used in the simulation on the accuracy of prediction. Thermal conductivity and perfusion rate are systematically varied, and their effects are presented by comparing simulated images with the actual infrared images captured from a biopsy-proven breast cancer patient. The results indicate a strong influence of perfusion rate within the breast tissue surrounding the tumor on heat transfer within the breast. This study is expected to help in proper selection of thermal properties while conducting the simulations. Future directions for research are also presented
Experimental Study of the Role of Atomic Interactions on Quantum Transport
We report an experimental study of quantum transport for atoms confined in a
periodic potential and compare between thermal and BEC initial conditions. We
observe ballistic transport for all values of well depth and initial
conditions, and the measured expansion velocity for thermal atoms is in
excellent agreement with a single-particle model. For weak wells, the expansion
of the BEC is also in excellent agreement with single-particle theory, using an
effective temperature. We observe a crossover to a new regime for the BEC case
as the well depth is increased, indicating the importance of interactions on
quantum transport.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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