Upper and Middle Miocene Ash Beds in the Central Gulf of Mexico

Volcanic ash beds have been widely used as correlation markers in the Paleogene of the western Gulf of Mexico, but their identification and application as regional events in the Neogene play of the deep water Gulf of Mexico have been underutilized. This study approaches this problem through the organization, identification, and correlation of tuffaceous lithologies, supported by available thin sections, SEM images, biostratigraphy, log analysis, and published studies. Tuffaceous lithologies can be recognized with great confidence by calibrating sedimentological evidence with petrophysical properties as observed in well logs. Various beds have been encountered in the Miocene of the central Gulf of Mexico, specifically in the Walker Ridge and Green Canyon protraction areas. Direct or semi-direct evidence of amorphous volcanic glass has been documented from petrographic thin-sections, SEM, and XRD analyses. Tuffaceous lithologies have also been described in mud logs of numerous wells. The next best tool to infer ash beds is the spectral gamma-ray log tool, which reveals a distinct increase in thorium content relative to uranium or potassium in both shales and sandstones. An almost unequivocal petrophysical response to the presence of ash beds is the combination of high GR and low bulk density. Integration of these various lines of evidence within a robust chronostratigraphic framework revealed 11 correlative ash beds in Middle and Late Miocene sandstones and mudstones. Tuffaceous sandstones are preserved in deep-water turbidites and are probably linked to continental ash fall and transport into the Gulf of Mexico. These beds range in thickness from 120 to 250 ft. Tuffaceous mudstones are more likely the result of direct ash fall and preservation in the deep-water environment, and their average thickness is 23 ft. Volcanic activity of the Mid- Late Miocene Yellowstone calderas was the likely source of the volcanic glass found in the tuffaceous lithologies of the central Gulf of Mexico, providing both a long-distance, wind-driven ash fall, and a source-to-sink transport mechanism involving fluvial, deltaic, and deep-water processes. Direct correlation between specific tuffaceous lithologies in the Gulf of Mexico to their specific Yellowstone sources will enhance the Miocene stratigraphic framework of the Gulf of Mexico.Statoil Gulf Services LLC.No embargoAcademic Major: Earth Science

Detection and quantification of Xanthomonas albilineans in sugarcane tissues with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and evaluation as methodology for monitoring resistance

Leaf scald, caused by Xanthomonas albilineans, is a major sugarcane disease worldwide that is controlled primarily with host plant resistance. Since visual evaluation of disease resistance can be uncertain due to erratic symptom expression, a more reliable screening method is needed for resistance research. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed previously with demonstrated potential for resistance screening. However, only four cultivars with extreme reaction against the disease (two highly susceptible and two highly resistant) were compared. Therefore, additional research was conducted to demonstrate assay specificity, compare bacterial populations in 31 clones with varying levels of susceptibility at different times after inoculation, and evaluate the correlation with the visual rating method currently used for resistance evaluation. SYBR Green and TaqMan qPCRs were tested against DNA from different bacteria and a fungus, and the assays showed high specificity amplifying only X. albilineans isolates. Inhibitors of amplification during PCR were not detected in DNA extracts from four cultivars. Comparison between the bacterial population quantified by qPCR and visual symptom severity ratings showed variable results with the highest correlation between the data at 8 weeks after inoculation (ñ = 0.62, P \u3c 0.0001). In order to measure consistency, the correlation was determined among three different inoculations for data obtained with the same method at different times after inoculation. The qPCR assay was more consistent among the different inoculations (r = 0.77, P \u3c 0.0001) compared with the visual rating system (r = 0.53, P = 0.0026) at 8 weeks after inoculation. Bacterial quantification was more consistent in field inoculations compared to greenhouse inoculation. The high specificity and consistency suggest that qPCR can provide an improved method to evaluate resistance to leaf scald in sugarcane

Development of Functional Markers for Resistance to Leaf Scald in Sugarcane

Leaf scald, caused by Xanthomonas albilineans, is a major sugarcane disease worldwide. The disease is managed primarily with resistant cultivars obtained through classical breeding; however, the erratic symptom expression hinders the reliability and reproducibility of the selection process. The development of molecular markers associated with incompatible/compatible reaction can overcome this limitation. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping were the strategies used to find leaf scald resistance-associated genes and molecular markers in sugarcane. SSH results showed that genes involved in signal perception and transduction, and DNA binding, were highly expressed in the resistant clone LCP 85-384 compared to the susceptible clone HoCP 89-846. Also, a higher proportion of overexpressed genes were located in the chloroplast in the resistant clone. Early accumulation and maintenance of high mRNA concentration was hypothesized as the determining factor for leaf scald resistance. A linkage map was constructed using 89 F1 progeny of a cross between the cultivars LCP 85-384 (resistant) and L 99-226 (susceptible) using simple sequence repeat (SSR), leaf scald responsive genes-derived SSR and single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers. Single marker analysis showed that the markers c3-579 (LOD = 3.7189; phenotypic variance explained (PVE = 17.56%), 1x71593 (LOD = 3.0453; PVE = 14.65%) and c1-586b (LOD = 3.013; PVE = 14.48%) were associated with leaf scald resistance. Interval mapping identified 15 QTLs associated with disease resistance that explained 2.5 to 18.6% of the phenotypic variance. Comparative genomic analysis with Sorghum bicolor identified genes previously associated with resistance or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses within and flanking the QTLs. The present study resulted in a strong platform for future functional validation of the genes to ascertain their role in leaf scald resistance and marker validation in larger and diverse populations toward development of allele-specific markers for their use in breeding resistant sugarcane varieties

Innermost Stable Circular Orbits and Epicyclic Frequencies Around a Magnetized Neutron Star

A full-relativistic approach is used to compute the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO), the Keplerian, frame-dragging, precession and oscillation frequencies of the radial and vertical motions of neutral test particles orbiting the equatorial plane of a magnetized neutron star. The space-time around the star is modelled by the six parametric solution derived by Pachon et al. It is shown that the inclusion of an intense magnetic field, such as the one of a neutron star, have non-negligible effects on the above physical quantities, and therefore, its inclusion is necessary in order to obtain a more accurate and realistic description of the physical processes occurring in the neighbourhood of this kind of objects such as the dynamics of accretion disk. The results discussed here also suggest that the consideration of strong magnetic fields may introduce non-negligible corrections in, e.g., the relativistic precession model and therefore on the predictions made on the mass of neutron stars.Comment: LaTeX file, 13 pages, 4 figure

El análisis de estados financieros de la Caja Trujillo para mejorar la toma de decisiones gerenciales

El desarrollo de la presente investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar que el análisis de los estados financieros en la Caja Trujillo, permite mejorar de manera significativa la toma de decisiones gerenciales , estableciendo el grado de incidencia en el uso por parte de los gerentes y directivos en la toma de decisiones gerenciales para prever en gran parte los problemas financieros que se presentan en “La Caja Trujillo”, tales como: falta de liquidez, recuperación de cartera, márgenes bajos, entre otros, y por consiguiente su crecimiento sostenido y ordenado y determinar que el análisis de los Estados Financieros de la Caja Trujillo 2010 - 2011 permitió determinar la situación económica financiera de la empresa. Para esta investigación , dada la naturaleza del estudio la unidad de análisis estuvo conformada por la población de gerentes de la alta dirección involucrados con la toma de decisiones dentro de la Caja Trujillo, a fin de obtener información sobre todos los aspectos relacionados con la investigación , se efectuó el análisis de los estados financieros, políticas memorias e información coadyuvante de la Caja Trujillo que nos revele información de las variables en estudio (Manual de Organización y Funciones, directivas y otras), información bibliográfica (libros, textos, tesis, trabajos de experiencia profesional, monografías, etc.); así como los diversos aspectos relacionados con la investigación. La mayoría de los gerentes encuestados está de acuerdo en que conocen y utilizan las razones financieras y que esta información es elaborada mensualmente en la Caja. Los encuestados opinan que la toma de decisiones con estas herramientas se realiza sobre todo para atender operaciones importantes y que el conocimiento de información financiera es indispensable para una mejor toma de decisiones en el crecimiento de los negocios y que el Balance General y el Estado de resultados son las principales herramientas financieras con los que cuentan. En tal virtud, el presente trabajo demuestra que el análisis de los estados financieros en la Caja Trujillo, permite mejorar de manera significativa la toma de decisiones gerenciales estableciendo el grado de incidencia en el uso por parte de los gerentes y directivos y determinar que el análisis de los Estados Financieros de la Caja Trujillo 2010 - 2011The development of the present investigation aims to demonstrate that the analysis of the financial statements in the Caja Trujillo, allows you to significantly improve managerial decision making, establishing the degree of incidence in the use on the part of managers, and executives in managerial decision making to provide for in large part the financial problems that are presented in Caja Trujillo, such as: Lack of liquidity, portfolio recovery, low margins, among others, and therefore its sustained growth and orderly and determine that the analysis of the Financial Statements of the Caja Trujillo 2010 - 2011 has allowed us to determine the financial situation of the company. For the purpose of this investigation, given the nature of the study, the unit of analysis was composed of the population of managers of the top management involved with decision-making within the Caja Trujillo, in order to obtain information on all aspects related to the research, the analysis was made of the financial statements, policy reports and information of the adjuvant Trujillo Box that we disclose information of the variables under study (Manual of Organization and roles, policies, and other), bibliographic information (books, texts, thesis, work of professional experience, monographs, etc. ); as well as the various aspects related to the investigation. The majority of managers surveyed agree that know and use financial ratios, and that this information is compiled monthly in the Caja Trujillo. Respondents believe that the decision-making with these tools is carried out primarily to meet major operations and that the knowledge of financial information is essential for a better decision-making in the growth of the business and that the overall balance and the State of results are the main financial tools that are available. As such, the present work shows that the analysis of the financial statements in the Caja Trujillo , allows significantly improve managerial decision making by the degree of incidence on the use by the managers and directors and determine that the analysis of the Financial Statements of the Caja Trujillo 2010 - 2011.Tesi

? Puede ser humedal de Tibanica un ambiente de aprendizaje en ciencias naturales para los estudiantes del ciclo II del colegio Gimnacio Caceres?

97 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEn el transcurso de este proyecto o tema de investigaci?n nos vamos a encontrar con diferentes problem?ticas ambientales alrededor del Humedal Tibanica ubicado en la localidad de Bosa, basados en esta problem?tica queremos reconstruir paso a paso sus referencias, su historia, su tem?tica ambiental y as? mismo encontrar una soluci?n frente a ella, inmersos en un punto de vista institucional y un poco m?s all? de la comunidad, el Colegio Gimnasio C?ceres nos va a ser de gran ayuda en este proceso, ya que nos va a brindar un punto de vista diferente. Vamos a inmiscuirnos en algunas referencias anteriores de autores o personas que han tratado de solucionar esta problem?tica ambiental, dando nuestro punto de vista y adem?s de ello nuestra manera de llegar a la soluci?n real, por medio de ayudas did?cticas o te?ricas que lleven tanto a la instituci?n, como a la comunidad a tener una mejor perspectiva del uso del Humedal Tibanica, y sus beneficios frente a la misma.During this project or research topic we will find different environmental issues around Tibanica wetland located in the area of Bosa, based on this issue we want to rebuild step by step its references, its history, its environmental issue and the same way get a solution about this, immersed in an institutional point of view and going a little beyond of the community, the Gimansio C?ceres school is going to be a great help in this process, it will offer us a different point of view. We will meddle in some previous references of authors and people who have tried to resolve this environmental issue, giving our point of view and besides our way to get a real solution, through teaching aids or theorical aids which leading as the institution as the community to have a better perspective about how use the wetland Tibanica and its benefits against the same one

A comparative approach between the Colombian state council and the French state council

The Colombian Council of State was established in 1817 by the Liberator Simon Bolivar, on the model of the French Council of State which was founded by Napoleon with the assistance of Sieyès in 1799.   The establishment of such a Council in Colombia is the result of many imitative phenomena such as the mimicking; the juridical and institutional culture spread, as well as the juridical and institutional globalization.   This analysis discusses the existing relationships between the Colombian Council of State and its French counterpart. Switching from one device to the other, we analyze the set up process in France of both a juridical and institutional technology, then imported, revised and even « made up » in Colombia.   This analysis addresses the two traditional functions of both the French and Colombian Council of State: the advisory function (their original activity) and the juridical function. Both Councils apply their function of governmental Counsellors and Judges; which constitutes here their particularity in regards with their functional duality in the frame of juridical devices normally characterized by a juridical duality. Although imported, the Colombian Council of State remains an autonomous institution. It is more an inspired institution, rather than dominated, by the French Council of State.   In order to gain a better understanding of the process of reinterpretation or creation of such a juridical device, this analysis focuses on two case studies: the case of the principle of protection of the legitimate trust and the case of the responsibility of the State for the judiciary administration; both in relation to the jurisprudence of the Colombian and French Council of State. Through this, one can notice that divergences and convergences can simultaneously be found between the two Councils of State