New and explanation records to the brushfoots (Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae) from Guatemala

I present two species and five subspecies as new records for Guatemala, as well as confirmed the presence of three subspecies. And I mention some issues about taxonomic and distributional information. Also, I mention the data of one Ithomiini (clearwings), and one Morphini (morphos), as probable subspecies with distribution in Guatemala

Comprendiendo a Boisduval, datos históricos de mariposas (Papilionoidea) de Guatemala

La historia de la fauna de mariposas en Guatemala comenzó con el viaje de José Longinos Martínez Garrido (1794-1801) en el “Reino de Guatemala”; posteriormente Morelet exploró el país en 1809-1892. El libro Biologia Centrali-Americana de Godman y Salvin (1878-1901), es el trabajo fundamental para el estudio de las mariposas guatemaltecas. En este tiempo importantes exploraciones fueron hechas por varios científicos en Guatemala. Uno de esos autores es Boisduval, quien en 1870 publicó el primer libro sobre la fauna de lepidópteros de Guatemala y su libro registra 252 especies de mariposas (Papilionoidea). La actualización de estos datos es de 236 especies, además de indicar algunas notas sobre la distribución de estas especies en Guatemala y Centroamérica (incluye Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica y excluyen Belice y Panamá)

Exposure to Sodium Fluoride Produces Signs of Apoptosis in Rat Leukocytes

Fluoride is naturally present in the earth’s crust and can be found in rocks, coal, and clay; thus, it can be found in small quantities in water, air, plants, and animals. Therefore, humans are exposed to fluoride through food, drinking water, and in the air they breathe. Flouride is essential to maintain bone strength and to protect against dental decay, but if it is absorbed too frequently, it can cause tooth decay, osteoporosis, and damage to kidneys, bones, nerves, and muscles. Therefore, the present work was aimed at determining the effect of intake of sodium fluoride (NaF) as an apoptosis inducer in leukocytes of rats treated for eight weeks with 1 or 50 parts per million (ppm) NaF. Expression of p53, bcl-2, and caspade-3 were used as apoptotic and general metabolism indicators of leukocyte-like indicators of the (INT) oxidation system. Male rats were exposed to NaF (1 and 500 ppm) for eight weeks, and then sacrificed weekly to obtain blood samples. Expression of p53, bcl-2, and caspase-3 were determined in leukocytes by Western blot, and general metabolism of leukocytes was analyzed with a commercial kit. We found changes in the expression of the proteins described, especially when the animals received 50 ppm of NaF. These results indicate that NaF intoxication can be an apoptosis inducer in rat leukocytes treated with the compound for eight weeks

Effect of Sodium Fluoride Ingestion on Malondialdehyde Concentration and the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Erythrocytes

Fluoride intoxication has been shown to produce diverse deleterious metabolic alterations within the cell. To determine the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes, Male Wistar rats were treated with 50 ppm of NaF or were untreated as controls. Erythrocytes were obtained from rats sacrificed weekly for up to eight weeks and the concentration of MDA in erythrocyte membrane was determined. In addition, the activity of the enzymes superoxide, dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were determined. Treatment with NaF produces an increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde in the erythrocyte membrane only after the eight weeks of treatment. On the other hand, antioxidant enzyme activity was observed to increase after the fourth week of NaF treatment. In conclusion, intake of NaF produces alterations in the erythrocyte of the male rat, which indicates induction of oxidative stress

Evolución del proceso de reclutamiento de personal en las empresas latinoamericanas

El reclutamiento de personal en la actualidad ha dejado de ser un proceso tradicional para convertirse en un proceso activo y moderno. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la evolución del reclutamiento de personal en las empresas Latinoamericanas en los últimos 10 años. Para el desarrollo del estudio se utilizaron base de datos que permitieron la búsqueda de información las cuales son EBSCOHOST, PROQUEST, REDALYC Y SCIELO, en los cuales se tomaron en cuenta criterios para su delimitación: entre los años 2010-2020, solo revistas científicas y el idioma español e inglés. Este estudio se realizó bajo la metodología de revisión sistemática PRISMA. Los resultados determinaron 30 artículos que respondían a la pregunta de investigación. Se concluyó que la evolución del reclutamiento se originó en el siglo XX cuando se identificó al personal como un talento que necesita cuidarse y dejar de lado el pensamiento productivo en el cual al hombre se le denomina máquina de producción, es ahí donde se establece los primeros procedimientos de reclutamiento de personal y se toman enfoques clásicos

Etiology and susceptbility to antimicrobials of urinary tract infections in patients of Rehabilitation Unit of a regional hospital

Objetivos: Conocer los resultados del estudio microbiológico de las muestras de orina de pacientes de la Unidad de Rehabilitación de un hospital regional, incluyendo los datos locales de sensibilidad antibiótica. Material y métodos: Se analizó la base de datos del Laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves con los estudios microbiológicos de las muestras de orinas realizados durante el año 2012. Se investigó la etiología y la sensibilidad a los antibióticos de los uropatógenos más frecuentes presentes en 143 muestras de orina obtenidas mediante sondaje o cateterismo. Los resultados del estudio de 9066 muestras de orina de micción media de sujetos estudiados en Atención Primaria fueron utilizados como grupo control. Resultados: El 50% de los pacientes neurológicos presentaron urocultivos positivos, frente al 23% de los controles. E. coli fue el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado en el grupo de enfermos neurológicos, al igual que en los controles. En el estudio de resistencias E. coli presentó altas tasas de resistencia a ampicilina, cotrimoxazol, ciprofloxacino y amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico. Conclusiones: E. coli es el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado en los dos grupos de pacientes estudiados. Las resistencias a los antibióticos de los microorganismos procedentes de los dos grupos tienen patrones diferentes, siendo globalmente menor a fosfomicina.Objectives: Knowing the results of microbiological tests of urine samples of patients from the Rehabilitation Unit of a regional hospital, including local data of antibiotic susceptibility. Material and methods: We analyzed the database of the Microbiology Laboratory of the Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves with microbiological studies conducted urine samples during 2012. We investigated the etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens frequently present in 143 urine samples. The 9066 survey results voiding urine mean in Primary Care study subjects were used as controls. Results: The 50% of neurological patients had positive urine cultures, versus 23% of controls. E. coli was the most frequently isolated organism group neurological patients, as in the controls. Resistance studies in E. coli showed high rates of resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Conclusions: E. coli is the most frequently isolated microorganism in both groups of patients studied. The antibiotic resistance of microorganisms from the two groups have different patterns, being globally less to fosfomycin

Prostatic cyst: An unusual cause of hemospermia

A 31-year-old man was referred to our service because of recurrent hemospermia over the last 4 years, there were no other symptoms like perineal pain, fever, dysuria, nocturia or urgency; this patient only presented hemospermia with clots. Genital examination was normal. Semen analysis showed no change in volume and pH; however, hemospermia and asthenozoospermia were observed. The semen culture was normal. Ultrasonography only revealed the presence of a cystic lesion adjoining the prostate gland, next to the bladder neck. The retrograde urethrogram was normal. The CT scan revealed only a small calcification in the right seminal vesicle. Endoscopic cistourethroscopy demonstrated 2 cystic dilatations arising on both sides of the prostate gland adjacent to the bladder neck, behind the verumontanum with vessels running over the surface prostatic cyst dilatation. The diagnosis of prostatic gland cystic dilatation was reached and confirmed by pathology that reported fibroconnective tissue with fibrosis and hyalinization. Transurethral unroofing of the cyst was performed separately with a successful outcome

Assessment of Relative Technical Efficiency of Small Mental Health Areas in Bizkaia (Basque Country, Spain)

Mental disorders cause an enormous burden to society. Considering the current economic context, an efficient use of scarce inputs, with an appropriate outcome production, is crucial. This situation defines a classical Relative Technical Efficiency (RTE) problem. A well-known methodology to assess RTE is the Data Envelopment Analysis, although it presents some limitations. These may be overcome through a hybrid strategy that integrates Monte-Carlo simulation and artificial intelligence. This study aims to (1) design of a Decision Support System for the assessment of RTE of Small Mental Health Areas based on DEA; and (2) analyse 19 mental health areas of the Bizkaian Healthcare System (Spain) to classify them and to identify potential management improvements. The results have showed higher global RTE in the output-oriented orientation than in the input-oriented one. This suggests that a decision strategy based on improving the input management, within the ranges of the expert-driven model of community healthcare, could be appropriate. A future research line will focus our attention on the validation process through the analysis of micromanagement interventions and their potential impacts in the real system

Standard comparison of local mental health care systems in eight European countries

Sistema de Salut Mental; Comparació d'atenció a la salut mentalMental Health System; Mental health care comparisonSistema de Salud Mental; Comparación de atención a la salud mentalAims: There is a need of more quantitative standardised data to compare local Mental Health Systems (MHSs) across international jurisdictions. Problems related to terminological variability and commensurability in the evaluation of services hamper like-with-like comparisons and hinder the development of work in this area. This study was aimed to provide standard assessment and comparison of MHS in selected local areas in Europe, contributing to a better understanding of MHS and related allocation of resources at local level and to lessen the scarcity in standard service comparison in Europe. This study is part of the Seventh Framework programme REFINEMENT (Research on Financing Systems' Effect on the Quality of Mental Health Care in Europe) project. Methods: A total of eight study areas from European countries with different systems of care (Austria, England, Finland, France, Italy, Norway, Romania, Spain) were analysed using a standard open-access classification system (Description and Evaluation of Services for Long Term Care in Europe, DESDE-LTC). All publicly funded services universally accessible to adults (≥18 years) with a psychiatric disorder were coded. Care availability, diversity and capacity were compared across these eight local MHS. Results: The comparison of MHS revealed more community-oriented delivery systems in the areas of England (Hampshire) and Southern European countries (Verona - Italy and Girona - Spain). Community-oriented systems with a higher proportion of hospital care were identified in Austria (Industrieviertel) and Scandinavian countries (Sør-Trøndelag in Norway and Helsinki-Uusimaa in Finland), while Loiret (France) was considered as a predominantly hospital-based system. The MHS in Suceava (Romania) was still in transition to community care. Conclusions: There is a significant variation in care availability and capacity across MHS of local areas in Europe. This information is relevant for understanding the process of implementation of community-oriented mental health care in local areas. Standard comparison of care provision in local areas is important for context analysis and policy planning.The REFINEMENT project has received funding from the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (7FP) and lies within the Specific Programme ‘Cooperation’ – Theme ‘Health’: HEALTH.2010.3.2–1: Financing systems’ effect on quality of health care. Duration: 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2013. 7FP. Project number: 261459

Use of a decision support system for benchmarking analysis and organizational improvement of regional mental health care:Efficiency, stability and entropy assessment of the mental health ecosystem of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain)

Decision support systems are appropriate tools for guiding policymaking processes, especially in mental health (MH), where care provision should be delivered in a balanced and integrated way. This study aims to develop an analytical process for (i) assessing the performance of an MH ecosystem and (ii) identifying benchmark and target-for-improvement catchment areas. MH provision (inpatient, day and outpatient types of care) was analysed in the Mental Health Network of Gipuzkoa (Osakidetza, Basque Country, Spain) using a decision support system that integrated data envelopment analysis, Monte Carlo simulation and artificial intelligence. The unit of analysis was the 13 catchment areas defined by a reference MH centre. MH ecosystem performance was assessed by the following indicators: relative technical efficiency, stability and entropy to guide organizational interventions. Globally, the MH system of Gipuzkoa showed high efficiency scores in each main type of care (inpatient, day and outpatient), but it can be considered unstable (small changes can have relevant impacts on MH provision and performance). Both benchmark and target-for-improvement areas were identified and described. This article provides a guide for evidence-informed decision-making and policy design to improve the continuity of MH care after inpatient discharges. The findings show that it is crucial to design interventions and strategies (i) considering the characteristics of the area to be improved and (ii) assessing the potential impact on the performance of the global MH care ecosystem. For performance improvement, it is recommended to reduce admissions and readmissions for inpatient care, increase workforce capacity and utilization of day care services and increase the availability of outpatient care services