CAMBIO DE PALABRAS César Hildebrandt, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial: DEBATE, Tercera reimpresión: setiembre del 2018.

The political events of a nation rule the agglomerated milestone of opinion figures, who agitate the masses for a particular political ideology. That representation is subject to politicians representing a political party, at the same time it has to be based on programmatic ideologies with a journalistic dissemination body that points to a rule in its historical process, for example the ideological struggles in the journalistic industries: “The group tends to assimilate all the elements capable of claiming socialism without excepting those that come from gonzalezpradista radicalism and are preserved outside the political parties ”(Mariátegui, 1986, p.99)Los acontecimientos políticos de una nación pautean el hito aglomerado de personajes referentes de opinión, que agitan a las masas por una determinada ideología política. Esa representación se sujeta en los políticos que representan a un partido político, a la vez tiene que sustentarse en ideologías programáticas con un órgano de difusión periodística que señala una regla en su proceso histórico, por ejemplo las luchas ideológicas en las industrias periodísticas: “El grupo tiende a asimilar todos los elementos capaces de reclamarse del socialismo sin exceptuar aquellos que provienen del radicalismo gonzálezpradista y se conservan fuera de los partidos políticos” (Mariátegui, 1986, p.99)Os eventos políticos de uma nação são um marco na aglomeração de líderes de opinião, que agitam as massas para uma certa ideologia política. Esta representação está sujeita aos políticos que representam um partido político, ao mesmo tempo em que deve ser sustentada por ideologias programáticas com um órgão jornalístico de difusão que aponte uma regra em seu processo histórico, por exemplo as lutas ideológicas nas indústrias jornalísticas: "O grupo tende a assimilar todos os elementos capazes de reivindicar o socialismo sem exceção daqueles que provêm do radicalismo Gonzalez-Pradista e são conservados fora dos partidos políticos" (Mariátegui, 1986, p.99)

Fuera del aire. Lima: Editorial Planeta Perú S. A. 179 pp.: Rosa María Palacios, Augusto Álvarez Rodrich, Juan Carlos Tafur (2017).

La historia de la política peruana está impregnada de populismos extremos y moderados, con poca objetividad de la situación nacional. Los medios de comunicación compiten con un papel importante desde los orígenes de la república: “Sin embargo, en sociedades como la peruana, existen indicios de un uso soterrado de técnicas de propaganda por parte de los medios de comunicación” (Hinojosa, 2014, p. 262). Esta propaganda se encuentra vigente en regímenes democráticos y autoritarios, con sus operadores de censura y agentes de prensa. Bajo este contexto, se articula muy bien el trabajo dialogado de Rosa María Palacios, Augusto Álvarez Rodrich y Juan Carlos Tafur en el libro titulado Fuera del aire, que explora—al estilo de Diálogos de Platón—la situación de la prensa actual y su influencia en las decisiones políticas. Esta publicación se divide en nueve capítulos precisos para su comprensión crítica de los puntos de vista que abordan. Además, interpelan sus experiencias personales en los trabajos periodísticos desde sus primeras etapas de iniciación periodística personal, con un trabajo para empresarios que no tienen profesión de periodistas, sino propietarios de empresas informativas del Perú y sus desavenencias constantes con el término que fueron botados, casi con la misma experiencia en los tres autores del libro Fuera del aire

Between encyclopedism and scientific discipline

La revista de investigación científica Puriq de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Huanta, se funda en los albores donde CONCYTEC intensifica la sobrevaloración de escritos científicos. La producción en las universidades del Perú resulta masificada y se sustenta en el marco de las exigencias científicas para calificar como docentes investigadores, con ciertas prerrogativas en la labor universitaria. La proliferación de revistas de investigación científica; también obedece a esa necesidad. Es así, que la revista Puriq se funda con un carácter multidisciplinar con un propósito de sostenibilidad en el tiempo. Mantenerse en el tiempo es la apuesta más urgente de toda revista y sus editores, pues la producción académica es un símil a las modas de fenómeno mundial que se disipa en la sociedad líquida.The scientific research journal Puriq of the National Autonomous University of Huanta, was founded at the dawn where CONCYTEC intensifies the overvaluation of scientific writings. The production in the universities of Peru is overcrowded and is sustained within the framework of scientific requirements to qualify as research teachers, with certain prerogatives in university work. The proliferation of scientific research journals; It also obeys that need. Thus, Puriq magazine is founded with a multidisciplinary nature with a purpose of sustainability over time. Staying in time is the most urgent bet of any magazine and its editors, since academic production is a simile to the fashions of a world phenomenon that dissipates in liquid society.A revista de pesquisa científica Puriq da Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Huanta foi fundada em uma época em que a CONCYTEC estava intensificando a supervalorização da escrita científica. A produção nas universidades peruanas tornou-se massiva e se baseou em requisitos científicos para se qualificar como professores de pesquisa, com certas prerrogativas no trabalho universitário. A proliferação de periódicos de pesquisa científica também responde a esta necessidade. Assim, a revista Puriq foi fundada com um caráter multidisciplinar com o objetivo de sustentabilidade ao longo do tempo. Ser mantido ao longo do tempo é o desafio mais urgente para qualquer revista e seus editores, já que a produção acadêmica é uma similitude com a moda de um fenômeno global que se dissipa em uma sociedade líquida

The social sciences in research

La evidente desnaturalización de los escenarios sociales en diferentes partes del mundo es innegable. En todas las etapas de la humanidad se interpretó solo el fenómeno social, desmereciendo la esencia de los problemas que aquejan y requieren soluciones concretas. A falta de investigaciones y su inversión en las ciencias sociales en el Perú y otras partes del mundo, se va generando una apreciación tergiversada de la realidad.The obvious denaturation of social settings in different parts of the world is undeniable. In all stages of humanity, only the social phenomenon was interpreted, detracting from the essence of the problems that afflict and require concrete solutions. In the absence of research and investment in the social sciences in Peru and other parts of the world, a distorted appreciation of reality is generated.A evidente desnaturalização dos cenários sociais em diferentes partes do mundo é inegável. Em todos os estágios da humanidade, os fenômenos sociais foram interpretados isoladamente, subestimando a essência dos problemas que afligem e exigem soluções concretas. A falta de pesquisa e seu investimento nas ciências sociais no Peru e em outras partes do mundo levou a uma apreciação distorcida da realidade

Publicaciones seriadas

The government on duty assesses the need for scientific productions in its most complex state sector, education. In this line, it is encouraging incentives for academic research, especially in public universities nationwide, after having cleared with a licensing process all universities in Peru. One of the indispensable prerogatives is the publication of articles in indexed journals, having published books, having developed full papers in scientific events, leading research projects among other conditions as a requirement to be immersed as research teachers.El gobierno de turno evalúa la necesidad de producciones científicas en su sector estatal más complejo, la educación. En esa línea se encuentra fomentando incentivos al quehacer académico de la investigación, en especial en las universidades públicas a nivel nacional, después de haber depurado con un proceso de licenciamiento a todas las universidades del Perú. Una de las prerrogativas indispensables es la publicación de artículos en revistas indizadas, haber publicado libros, haber desarrollado ponencias completas en eventos científicos, estar liderando proyectos de investigación entre otras condiciones como requisito para estar inmerso como docentes investigadores.The current government is assessing the need for scientific production in its most complex state sector, education. In this line, it is promoting incentives for academic research, especially in public universities nationwide, after having purged all Peruvian universities through a licensing process. One of the indispensable prerogatives is the publication of articles in indexed journals, having published books, having developed full papers in scientific events, leading research projects among other conditions as a requirement to be immersed as research professors

Faulty scenarios in the investigation

El fenómeno actual que vive la humanidad, conlleva virar seriamente al escenario de la investigación científica. Aspecto fundamental que genera alternativas de solución a los avatares de la naturaleza que afrontamos en la convivencia humana. La investigación en el Perú y en otras partes del mundo, fue rezagada por situaciones suntuarias de lo efímero de la satisfacción inmediata. Las consecuencias para afrontar las epidemias y problemas sociales se evidencian en la salud pública y el caos social que se genera a falta de alternativas de investigación social.The current phenomenon that humanity is experiencing leads to a serious turn to the stage of scientific research. Fundamental aspect that generates alternative solutions to the vicissitudes of nature that we face in human coexistence. Research in Peru and in other parts of the world, was lagged by sumptuary situations of the ephemerality of immediate satisfaction. The consequences for dealing with epidemics and social problems are evident in public health and the social chaos that is generated in the absence of alternatives for social research

Ethics in the liquid consumer society

The objective of this research is to analyze the ethical behavior of man and the sudden transformations of the ethicity of individual or social man, in relation to the surrounding world within the theory of liquid society, founded by Zygmunt Bauman. According to this theory, interpersonal relationships in contemporary society revolve around the ephemerality of friendships and sudden changes in behaviors established by the solidity of their old environment. The analysis of ethics in liquid society concludes that, necessarily, the ephemeral and consumerism are imposed; the stable forms of social relations that sustained the solid society are set aside

Interferencias lingüísticas en la participación verbal oral

Linguistic interference as phenomena resulting from the coexistence of languages, whose structure is divergent, alter and distort oral expression at the level of the production of sounds, the construction of sentences, the organization and use of a set of words that constitute a certain language; therefore, they hinder the oral comprehension and intervention of students in the teaching-learning process. The purpose of the present was to determine the influence of linguistic interference on students' oral verbal participation; explain regarding the linguistic and sociocultural factors influencing oral expression; likewise, evaluate the consequences of linguistic interference derived from subtractive bilingualism. The research was non-experimental, descriptive and explanatory. Data were collected using observation, survey and interview techniques, the instruments of which are observation cards, questionnaires and checklists. A population made up of 80 high school students from the "Los Libertadores" educational institution was covered, most of them bilingual (Quechua-Spanish) and from rural and marginal urban areas. The conclusion reached is the existence of little command of the standard Castilian language, little fluency in communication, diction errors, lexical poverty, among others.Las interferencias lingüísticas como fenómenos resultantes de la coexistencia de lenguas, cuya estructura es divergente, alteran y distorsionan la expresión oral en el nivel de la producción de sonidos, la construcción de oraciones, la organización y el empleo de un conjunto de palabras que constituyen una determinada lengua; por ende, dificultan la comprensión e intervención oral de los estudiantes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El propósito del presente fue determinar la influencia de las interferencias lingüísticas en la participación verbal oral de los estudiantes; explicar respecto a los factores lingüísticos y socioculturales influyentes en la expresión oral; asimismo, evaluar las consecuencias de las interferencias lingüísticas derivadas de un bilingüismo sustractivo. La investigación fue no experimental, descriptiva y explicativa. Se recopilaron datos empleando las técnicas de observación, encuesta y entrevista, cuyos instrumentos son las fichas de observación, cuestionarios y listas de cotejo. Se abarcó una población constituida por 80 estudiantes del nivel secundario de la institución educativa "Los Libertadores", en su mayoría bilingües (quechua-español) y originarios de zonas rurales y urbano-marginales. La conclusión a la que se arribó es la existencia del poco dominio de la lengua castellana estándar, escasa fluidez en la comunicación, errores de dicción, pobreza léxica, entre otros

Techno-Economic Energy Optimization of the Off-Grid Electrical System with Power to Gas Storage Technology

Renewable energy sources (RESs) have undeniable advantages over the recent years not only to supply electrical demand but also electrical demand. However, maximum use of the RES’s power has always been challenging as high penetration of the RESs as well as their intermittent nature might compromise the distribution networks power flow constraints. This paper proposes optimal energy operation of the off-grid distribution network  (DN) with participation of the power-to-gas (PtG) storage system. In this regard, PtG system is considered as an energy supplier in the DN. The natural gas generated by using PtG is applied to backup diesel generators for meeting demand at peak times. The objective functions in the system are modeled based on technical and economic modeling including minimize the operation cost and maximize the system reliability. The optimal energy operation in the two case studies is assumed considering non-participation and participation of the PtG system. To solving of the energy optimization, particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Finally, proposed case studies under numerical simulation are implemented for validation of the participation of the PtG system

Techno-Economic Energy Optimization of the Off-Grid Electrical System with Power to Gas Storage Technology

Renewable energy sources (RESs) have undeniable advantages over the recent years not only to supply electrical demand but also electrical demand. However, maximum use of the RES’s power has always been challenging as high penetration of the RESs as well as their intermittent nature might compromise the distribution networks power flow constraints. This paper proposes optimal energy operation of the off-grid distribution network  (DN) with participation of the power-to-gas (PtG) storage system. In this regard, PtG system is considered as an energy supplier in the DN. The natural gas generated by using PtG is applied to backup diesel generators for meeting demand at peak times. The objective functions in the system are modeled based on technical and economic modeling including minimize the operation cost and maximize the system reliability. The optimal energy operation in the two case studies is assumed considering non-participation and participation of the PtG system. To solving of the energy optimization, particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. Finally, proposed case studies under numerical simulation are implemented for validation of the participation of the PtG system