Striving to overcome the economic crisis: Progress and diversification of Mexican multinationals’ export of capital

The Institute for Economic Research (IIEc) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint initiative of the Columbia Law School and the Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York, are releasing the results of their third survey of Mexican multinationals today. The survey is part of a long-term study of the rapid global expansion of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging markets. The present report focuses on data for the year 2010. Highlights In 2010, the top 20 Mexican MNEs had foreign assets of USDD 123 billion (table 1 below), foreign sales of USDD 71 billion, and employed 255,340 people abroad (see annex table 1 in annex I). The top two firms, America Movil and CEMEX, together controlled USDD 85 billion in foreign assets, accounting for nearly 70% of the assets on the list. The top four firms (including FEMSA and Grupo Mexico) jointly held USDD 104 billion, which represents almost 85% of the list’s foreign assets. Leading industries in this ranking, by numbers of MNEs, are non-metallic minerals (four companies) and food and beverages (another four companies). All but two of the 20 are firms whose shares are traded on a stock exchange. The exceptions are PEMEX, Mexico’s fully state-owned oil and gas firm, and Xignux, a diversified family-owned enterprise. The top 20 MNEs had 223 foreign affiliates (branches, subsidiaries, et al). As with their counterparts elsewhere in Latin America, Mexican MNEs show a very strong regional orientation. As annex table 2 makes clear, the top 20 overwhelmingly prefer to invest in Latin America. The next region of choice, with a substantial presence of Mexican affiliates, is North America. Europe (mainly the European Union) is a somewhat distant third. The presence of Mexican MNEs in Asia seems to be growing, if slow. In 2008, four of them had affiliates in Asia; in 2010, seven did

Impact of global crisis on Mexican multinationals varies by industry, survey finds

The Institute for Economic Research (IIEc) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint initiative of the Columbia Law School and the Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York, are releasing the results of their second annual survey of Mexican multinationals today.1 The survey is part of a long-term study of the rapid global expansion of the multinational enterprises of emerging markets. The present report focuses on data for the year 2009. Highlights In 2009, the 20 companies listed in table 1 below posted about USD 117 billion in foreign assets, 63 billion in foreign sales, and had 227,484 employees in their overseas operations. The top three companies on the list are CEMEX, America Movil, and Carso Global Telecom, which together controlled USD 86 billion in foreign assets, which was 73% of the total on the list. The leading sectors on the list are food and beverages (4 firms), non-metallic minerals (4 firms), and telecommunications (2 firms). In keeping with the tradition in Mexican outward foreign direct investment (FDI), most of the investments were undertaken in Latin America and the Caribbean and in North America −specifically the United States-. These regions were followed in importance by Western Europe. Mexican outward FDI has now also begun to appear in China, India, and Australia. The shares of all companies ranked in table 1 are publicly traded, with the exception of PEMEX, which is 100% state-owned, and Xignux, which is a privately held family-owned firm

Exploitation des mesures par scan laser pour le paramétrage d’un algorithme de génération automatique de nuages de points

Esta memoria recoge el proceso de explotación de medidas mediante escáner láser para la parametrización de un algoritmo de generación automática de nubes de puntos, como trabajo de fin de estudios del programa de doble grado en la École Nationale Supériure des Arts et Métiers (ENSAM Aix-en-Provence, Francia). En primer lugar, me documenté sobre las diferentes tecnologías de escáner 3D profundizando en las más utilizadas. A continuación, me informé con más detalle sobre nuestro escáner, el escáner de brazo ROMER, con el cual yo he trabajado. Como mencioné anteriormente, la segunda etapa consiste en familiarizarme con el escáner, con la finalidad de saber qué influencia tienen sobre un escáner (sobre la nube de puntos resultante) una cierta configuración de los parámetros. Finalmente, el tercer apartado de esta memoria se centra en la explotación de estas nubes de puntos, para extraer de ellas conclusiones respecto al ruido de dichas mediciones.École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers (ENSAM). Campus de Aix-en-ProvenceGrado en Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriale

World Links for Development Program in Latin America: An Insight on Internet in the Classroom

The World Links for Development (WorLD) program, initiative launched by the World Bank in 1997, has assisted developing countries in bridging the “digital divide”, by providing schools and Ministries of Education with the necessary technologies, skills, and educational resources to prepare their youth to participate in the global knowledge economy. This article presents the WorLD program experience in the Latin American region. Special attention is given to the description of the components at the core of the WorLD program, its Teacher Professional Development Program in the use of the Internet in the Classroom.The World Links for Development (WorLD) program, initiative launched by the World Bank in 1997, has assisted developing countries in bridging the “digital divide”, by providing schools and Ministries of Education with the necessary technologies, skills, and educational resources to prepare their youth to participate in the global knowledge economy. This article presents the WorLD program experience in the Latin American region. Special attention is given to the description of the components at the core of the WorLD program, its Teacher Professional Development Program in the use of the Internet in the Classroom

Prevención en cáncer

ResumenSe estima que por lo menos el 50% de los cánceres pueden ser prevenidos. Una medida fundamental es la eliminación de factores ambientales como la exposición a la luz ultravioleta y substancias químicas carcinogenéticas. Otro punto fundamental es las modificaciones en el estilo de vida. La medida más importante es desde luego la suspensión del tabaco, pero también evitar la obesidad y la vida sedentaria. El descubrimiento de factores infecciosos ha abierto otro camino de prevención como es la adquisición de la vacuna para virus papilomas involucrados en el cáncer cervicouterino. Por otro lado varios tipos de cáncer presentan una evolución larga, muchas veces con lesiones pre malignas, lo que permite un programa de pesquisa para un diagnóstico precoz. Ejemplos de éxito en este sentido han sido las campañas del cáncer cervicouterino, mama y colon. Se ha podido disminuir la aparición de cáncer en poblaciones de mayor riesgo recurriendo a medidas de quimioprevención como, por ejemplo, el uso de moduladores selectivos del receptor de estrógeno en cáncer de mama. Finalmente, el conocimiento de genes alterados como causa de la aparición de cáncer ha permitido implementar medidas especiales para ese sector de alto riesgo.SummaryIt is estimated that the 50% of cancers can be prevented. One of the measures to do so is the elimination of environmental factors, like UV exposition and carcinogenetic chemical substances. Another important issue is the life style modification. One of these measures, are avoid smoking, obesity and sedentary life.The discovery of infectious agent has opened another way of prevention, like uterine cervical cancer through the papiloma virus vaccine. On the other hand there are neoplasms that have a long evolution of the premalignant stage, so it permits the early diagnosis. An example of these is the success of the uterine cervical, breast and colorectal cancer program.Also there has been a reduction of cancer in population at risk through the chemoprevention, using selective modulators of estrogen receptor in breast cancer.Finally, the knowledge of gene alteration as the etiology of cancer has permitted the implementation of special measures in high risk population

Selection of Software Product Line Implementation Components Using Recommender Systems: An Application to Wordpress

In software products line (SPL), there may be features which can be implemented by different components, which means there are several implementations for the same feature. In this context, the selection of the best components set to implement a given configuration is a challenging task due to the high number of combinations and options which could be selected. In certain scenarios, it is possible to find information associated with the components which could help in this selection task, such as user ratings. In this paper, we introduce a component-based recommender system, called (REcommender System that suggests implementation Components from selecteD fEatures), which uses information associated with the implementation components to make recommendations in the domain of the SPL configuration. We also provide a RESDEC reference implementation that supports collaborative-based and content-based filtering algorithms to recommend (i.e., implementation components) regarding WordPress-based websites configuration. The empirical results, on a knowledge base with 680 plugins and 187 000 ratings by 116 000 users, show promising results. Concretely, this indicates that it is possible to guide the user throughout the implementation components selection with a margin of error smaller than 13% according to our evaluation.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad RTI2018-101204-B-C22Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2014-55894-C2-1-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2017-88209-C2-2-RMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad MCIU-AEI TIN2017-90644-RED