Solid – Liquid separation of dairy manure: distribution of components and methane production

Chemical treatment and screening can be an effective technique for separation of dairy cattle manure into a liquid fraction (LF) and a nutrient-rich solid fraction (SF). The optimum loading of a strong cationic polyacrylamide was found to be 43.9 g kg−1 of dry excreta. The separated SF contained 29.1% of the initial mass present in the manure and the chemicals added. The Volatile Solids (VS)/Total Solids (TS) ratio, which was 0.78 for the manure, rose to 0.82 for the SF and decreased to 0.63 in the LF. Furthermore, the SF retained 76.1, 79.9, 59.4 and 87.4% of TS, VS, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus, respectively. In the LF, the ratio of filtrate chemical oxygen demand (CODfiltrate) and COD due to volatile fatty acids (CODVFA) in relation to total COD (CODT) were 0.86 and 0.76, respectively. The percentage of anaerobically biodegradable chemical oxygen demand (CODBD) for the LF was 83.0%. Treatment of the LF in high loading anaerobic reactors would be possible due to these COD characteristics. Specific methane production in terms of VS for the separated LF was 0.580 m3 kg−1. For dairy manure and SF, it was 0.320 and 0.258 m3 kg−1, respectivel

Descripción clínica y anatomopatológica de dos casos de holoprosencefalia

La holoprosencefalia es una de las más graves y la más común de las malformaciones cerebrales y faciales; consiste en la diverticulación nula o incompleta del prosencéfalo embrionario hacia los hemisferios cerebrales y ventrículos laterales; se acompaña de defectos en las estructuras de la línea media como boca y nariz, es de aparición temprana en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central y ocurre como consecuencia de una posible falla en un conjunto de moléculas, que incluyen la proteína Sonic Hedgehog y a la superfamilia de genes BMP, indispensables para la formación normal del encéfalo; además, se ha asociado con anomalías en los cromosomas 13, 3, 7 y 18. Hasta el momento, el diagnóstico y clasificación es anatomo-patológico. Se describen dos casos de la variante semilobar diagnosticados por ecografía, y posteriormente por necropsia. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer dichos casos y hacer una breve descripción del mecanismo fisiopatológico implicado.  Palabras clave: Holoprosencefalia. Aberraciones cromosómicas. Paladar fisurado.     The holoproscencephaly is one of the most serious and common among the facial and brain malformations; it consists in the incomplete or null diverticulation of the embrionary prosencefalus through the brain hemispheres and lateral ventricles; is accompanied by defects of the middle line structures, as mouth and nose, it has and early showing in the development of the central nervous system, and it occurs as a consequence of a possible failure over a set of molecules, that include the Sonic Hedgehog protein, and the superfamily genes BPM, indispensable to the normal formation of the encephalon, moreover it has been associated with anomalies over the 13, 3, 7 and 18 chromosomes. Till now, the diagnostic and classification is anatomic-pathologic. It describes two cases of the semilobar diagnostic by ecography, and later by necropsy. The objective of this article is to expose thy cases and done a brief description of the physiopathology involve mechanism.  Keywords: Holoproscencephaly. Chromosome Aberrations. Cleft Palate

Descripción clínica y anatomopatológica de dos casos

La holoprosencefalia es una de las más graves y la más común de las malformaciones cerebrales y faciales; consiste en la diverticulación nula o incompleta del prosencéfalo embrionario hacia los hemisferios cerebrales y ventrículos laterales; se acompaña de defectos en las estructuras de la línea media como boca y nariz, es de aparición temprana en el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central y ocurre como consecuencia de una posible falla en un conjunto de moléculas, que incluyen la proteína Sonic Hedgehog y a la superfamilia de genes BMP, indispensables para la formación normal del encéfalo; además, se ha asociado con anomalías en los cromosomas 13, 3, 7 y 18. Hasta el momento, el diagnóstico y clasifi cación es anatomopatológico.Se describen dos casos de la variante semilobar diagnosticados por ecografía, y posteriormente por necropsia. El objetivo de este artículo es exponer dichos casos y hacer una breve descripción del mecanismo fi- siopatológico implicado.  Palabras clave: Holoprosencefalia. Aberraciones cromosómicas. Paladar fisurado. &nbsp

Logistic accessibility of the peninsula European southwest

El objetivo es analizar el efecto que provocaría en la accesibilidad y el abastecimiento potencial de mercancías en la Península Ibérica, la construcción de las plataformas logísticas del Suroeste Europeo en Badajoz y Caia. Se analizan los tiempos mínimos de acceso de cada plataforma logística a las diferentes núcleos poblacionales, la población potencial a la que se tendría acceso desde cada una de ellas y la accesibilidad absoluta de las plataformas logísticas respecto a los puertos marítimos comerciales, comparando dos escenarios: antes de la construcción de las nuevas plataformas, y otro considerando su futura construcción. Se considera la importancia de cada plataforma en función de su área de influencia potencial. Para facilitar el análisis de las variables utilizadas, se hace uso de cartografía temática bajo entornos SIG. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto el efecto positivo de estas nuevas infraestructuras y las potencialidades de la metodología utilizada.The study aim is to analyze the effect that it would provoke in the accessibility and the potential supply of goods in the Iberian Peninsula, the construction of the logistic platforms of the European Southwest in Badajoz and Caia. It is analyzed minimum access times from each different logistic platform to different peninsular center of population, potential population from logistic platform and absolute accessibility of the logistic platforms respect to commercial seaports, comparing two scenes: one before the construction of the new platforms, and other one considering the future construction of them. Moreover, it is taking into account the importance degree of each platform based on their area of potential influence. To facilitate the analysis of the variables used, thematic cartography in GIS is used. This work reveals the positive effect of these new infrastructures and the potentials of the used methodology.peerReviewe

Comparison of Figulla Flex® and Amplatzer™ devices for atrial septal defect closure: A meta-analysis

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases. Percutaneousclosure is the preferred treatment, but certain complications remain a concern. The most common devices are AMPLATZER™ (ASO) (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Figulla Flex® septal occluders (FSO) (Occlutech GmbH, Jena, Germany). The present study aimed to assess main differences in outcomes.Methods: A systematic search in Pubmed and Google scholarship was performed by two independent reviewers for any study comparing ASO and FSO. Searched terms were “Figulla”, “Amplatzer”, and “atrial septal defect”. A random-effects model was used.Results: A total of 11 studies including 1770 patients (897 ASO; 873 FSO) were gathered. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were comparable although septal aneurysm was more often reported in patients treated with ASO (32% vs. 25%; p = 0.061). Success rate (94% vs. 95%; OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.38–1.71; p = 0.58) and peri-procedural complications were comparable. Procedures were shorter, requiring less fluoroscopy time with an FSO device (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.20–0.97; p = 0.003). Although the global rate of complications in long-term was similar, the ASO device was associated with a higher rate of supraventricular arrhythmias (14.7% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.009).Conclusions: Percutaneous closure of ASD is a safe and effective, irrespective of the type of device. No differences exist regarding procedural success between the ASO and FSO devices but the last was associated to shorter procedure time, less radiation, and lower rate of supraventricular arrhythmias in follow-up. Late cardiac perforation did not occur and death in the follow-up was exceptional

Major bleeding predictors in patients with left atrial appendage closure: The iberian registry II

Introduction and objective: Major bleeding events in patients undergoing left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) range from 2.2 to 10.3 per 100 patient-years in di erent series. This study aimed to clarify the bleeding predictive factors that could influence these di erences. Methods: LAAC was performed in 598 patients from the Iberian Registry II (1093 patient-years; median, 75.4 years). We conducted a multivariate analysis to identify predictive risk factors for major bleeding events. The occurrence of thromboembolic and bleeding events was compared to rates expected from CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, stroke history, vascular disease, sex) and HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal and liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile INR, elderly, drugs or alcohol) scores. Results: Cox regression analysis revealed that age 75 years (HR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3 to 4.8; p = 0.004) and a history of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) (HR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.9; p = 0.020) were two factors independently associated with major bleeding during follow-up. Patients aged <75 or 75 years had median CHA2DS2-VASc scores of 4 (IQR: 2) and 5 (IQR: 2), respectively (p < 0.001) and HAS-BLED scores were 3 (IQR: 1) and 3 (IQR: 1) for each group (p = 0.007). Events presented as follow-up adjusted rates according to age groups were stroke (1.2% vs. 2.9%; HR: 2.4, p = 0.12) and major bleeding (3.7 vs. 9.0 per 100 patient-years; HR: 2.4, p = 0.002). Expected major bleedings according to HAS-BLED scores were 6.2% vs. 6.6%, respectively. In patients with GIB history, major bleeding events were 6.1% patient-years (HAS-BLED score was 3.8 1.1) compared to 2.7% patients-year in patients with no previous GIB history (HAS-BLED score was 3.4 1.2; p = 0.029). Conclusions: In this high-risk population, GIB history and age 75 years are the main predictors of major bleeding events after LAAC, especially during the first year. Age seems to have a greater influence on major bleeding events than on thromboembolic risk in these patient