Evaluacion de la estabilidad de resistencia de clones avanzados del CIP a la marchitez bacteriana usando diferentes variantes de Ralstonia solanacearum.

La marchitez bacteriana (MB) o pudricion parda causada por Ralstonia solanacearum es una de las enfermedades bacterianas mas destructivas en el cultivo de la papa. La resistencia de las plantas es el medio mas efectivo para controlar esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, la resistencia a la MB es a menudo superada debido a la gran variabilidad del patogeno. En el presente trabajo se evaluo la reaccion de 10 clones avanzados del CIP (seleccionados previamente por su resistencia al BV2A) contra 5 cepas correspondientes a los biovares 1, 2a, 2T y 3, de R. solanacearum bajo condiciones de invernadero. 15 plantas por clon de aproximadamente 15 cm de altura fueron inoculadas vertiendo en el suelo una suspension de 150 ml de la bacteria para obtener una concentracion final de 10 7 ufc/g suelo. Las variedades de papa Revolucion y CIP -01149 fueron utilizadas como control susceptible y moderadamente resistente, respectivamente. Las evaluaciones de la presencia de los sintomas de marchitez se realizaron semanalmente hasta 10 dias antes de la cosecha de los tuberculos. En plantas sin sintomas, los tallos y tuberculos fueron analizados mediante ELISA-NCM post-enriquecimiento para detectar infeccion latente. El analisis estadistico del porcentaje de plantas infectadas muestra diferencias significativas entre clones y cepas de R. solanacearum. No se observo resistencia completa (0% de infeccion) en ninguno de los clones evaluados a todas las cepas -de R. solanacearum. Sin embargo, el clon 394895.7 fue el mas resistente, mostrando un maximo de 13 % de infeccion cuando fue inoculado con la cepa mas virulenta (CIP-204). La resistencia a todas las cepas de R. solanacearum detectada en el clon 394895.7 muestra su alto potencial como una fuentes genetica de la resistencia a la marchitez bacterian

Potential for Waste Reduction in Activated Sludge Systems: Evaluation of the Initial Conditions of a Rapid Test with Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

Adding chemicals that alter the microbial metabolism and reduce cell growth, without affecting organic matter removal, is an alternative technology to reduce sludge production. This study was intended to determine the best initial conditions to conduct a rapid test (4 h), which evaluates the potential of chemicals to reduce microbial growth and chemical oxygen demand removal. A commercial biosurfactant was used as model product and a central composite design (face centered) was performed using substrate/inoculum ratio and rhamnolipid/inoculum ratio as independent variables, and cellular yield coefficient, substrate consumption rate, and specific oxygen uptake rate for exogenous respiration as response variables. Lower values of substrate/inoculum ratio permitted larger reductions of cellular yield coefficient with lower rhamnolipid concentrations. The best condition was 1.06 g chemical oxygen demand/g total suspended solids and 25 mg rhamnolipid/L or 25 mg rhamnolipid/g total suspended solids, which achieved a reduction of 50-75% in cellular yield coefficient

Integrated use of residues from olive mill and winery for lipase production by solid state fermentation with Aspergillus sp

Two phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) is presently the major waste produced by the olive mill industry. This waste has potential to be used as substrate for solid state fermentation (SSF) despite of its high concentration of phenolic compounds and low nitrogen content. In this work, it is demonstrated that mixtures of TPOMW with winery wastes support the production of lipase by Aspergillus spp. By agar plate screening, Aspergillus niger MUM 03.58, Aspergillus ibericus MUM 03.49 and Aspergillus uvarum MUM 08.01 were chosen for lipase production by SSF. Plackett-Burman experimental design was employed to evaluate the effect of substrate composition and time on lipase production. The highest amounts of lipase were produced by A. ibericus on a mixture of TPOMW, urea and exhausted grape mark (EGM). Urea was found to be the most influent factor for the lipase production. Further optimization of lipase production by A. ibericus using a full factorial design (32) conducted to optimal conditions of substrate composition (0.073 g urea/g and 25% of EGM) achieving 18.67 U/g of lipolytic activity.Jose Manuel Salgado is grateful for Postdoctoral fellowship (EX-2010-0402) of Education Ministry of Spanish Government. Luis Abrunhosa was supported by the grant SFRH/BPD/43922/2008 from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia-FCT, Portugal. Authors thank Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) for financial support through the project FCT Pest-OE/EQB/LA0023/2011

Optimization of lipase production by solid-state fermentation of olive pomace: from flask to laboratory-scale packed-bed bioreactor

Lipases are versatile catalysts with many applications and can be produced by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agro-industrial wastes. The aim of this work was to maximize the production of Aspergillus ibericus lipase under SSF of olive pomace (OP) and wheat bran (WB), evaluating the effect on lipase production of C/N ratio, lipids, phenols, content of sugars of substrates and nitrogen source addition. Moreover, the implementation of the SSF process in a packed-bed bioreactor and the improvement of lipase extraction conditions were assessed. Low C/N ratios and high content of lipids led to maximum lipase production. Optimum SSF conditions were achieved with a C/N mass ratio of 25.2 and 10.2% (w/w) lipids in substrate, by the mixture of OP:WB (1:1) and supplemented with 1.33% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4. Studies in a packed-bed bioreactor showed that the lower aeration rates tested prevented substrate dehydration, improving lipase production. In this work, the important role of Triton X-100 on lipase extraction from the fermented solid substrate has been shown. A final lipase activity of 223 ± 5 U g1 (dry basis) was obtained after 7 days of fermentation.Felisbela Oliveira acknowledges the financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) of Portugal through grant SFRH/BD/87953/2012. José Manuel Salgado was supported by grant CEB/N2020–INV/01/2016 from Project ‘‘BIOTECNORTE-Underpinning Biotechnology to foster the north of Portugal bioeconomy’’ (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004). Luı ´s Abrunhosa was supported by grant UMINHO/BPD/51/2015 from project UID/BIO/04469/2013 financed by FCT/MEC (OE). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020–Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Noelia Pérez-Rodríguez acknowledges the financial support of FPU fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the financial support of this work (Project CTQ2015-71436-C2-1-R), which has partial financial support from the FEDER funds of the European Union.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Técnica para la comparación de los niveles de concentración y meditación en la realización de ejercicios de rehabilitación en bicicleta, utilizando técnicas de realidad virtual e interfaz cerebro-computadora

The use of information technology and communications, have allowed the development of multiple devices for recording electrical activities that originate in the human body such as electrocardiogram, electromyography, electroencephalography signals, among others; They have also allowed the commercialization of low-cost devices that can be used for sophisticated Virtual Reality applications. In the process of recovering the mobility of the lower limbs, important problems arise, such as being able to recover muscular capacity, coordination of gait and mainly the loss of fear of being able to walk normally, which is why one of the Exercises to work these three problems is to perform the exercises on an exercise bike, in these conditions the patient performs it in most cases very distracted, which causes him not to perform the exercise normally, this article presents a technique to evaluate the cerebral conditions of the patient who is in recovery, based on the analysis of the attention and meditation novels, measured when the patient performs the exercises using the stationary bicycle, using the virtual reality device based on the use of the lenses of RV, brain signal measurements are made using the MindWave EEG device Neurosky, which gives us the level of concentration and meditation that the person is on a scale of 0% to 100%, the results obtained show that when the person is doing the exercises on the bicycle they find low levels of attention and Opposite meditation happens when the patient is using the virtual reality device where you show high levels of meditation

Production Of An Acidic And Thermostable Lipase Of The Mesophilic Fungus Penicillium Simplicissimum By Solid-state Fermentation

The production of a lipase by a wild-type Brazilian strain of Penicillium simplicissimum in solid-state fermentation of babassu cake, an abundant residue of the oil industry, was studied. The enzyme production reached about 90 U/g in 72 h, with a specific activity of 4.5 U/mg of total proteins. The crude lipase showed high activities at 35-60 °C and pH 4.0-6.0, with a maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 4.0-5.0. Enzyme stability was enhanced at pH 5.0 and 6.0, with a maximum half-life of 5.02 h at 50 °C and pH 5.0. Thus, this lipase shows a thermophilic and thermostable behavior, what is not common among lipases from mesophilic filamentous fungi. The crude enzyme catalysed the hydrolysis of triglycerides and p-nitrophenyl esters (C4:0-C18:0), preferably acting on substrates with medium-chain fatty acids. This non-purified lipase in addition to interesting properties showed a reduced production cost making feasible its applicability in many fields. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. 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