The economic value of ideology

Specialization and trade rest on institutions that protect property rights and enforce agreements. Frequently, in economic analysis institutions are just assumed to exist, or it is implicitly supposed that the political game can establish them. Once this assumption is done, the invisible hand does its work properly. It doesn’t matter if humans beings are benevolent or selfish for the gains from specialization and trade be realized. However, it is not easy to build institutions, neither are they a free lunch. The paper shows that ideology, understood as a self-imposed code of conduct, contributes to reduce the cost of instituting an industrious society, inducing people to assign their time and effort to productive activities rather than to theft.ideology, self-imposed codes of conduct, crime, enforcement of property rights.

Discretional political budget cycles and separation of powers

In contrast to previous empirical work on electoral cycles, which implicitly assumes the executive has full discretion over fiscal policy, this paper contends that under separation of powers an unaligned legislature may have a moderating role. Focusing on the budget surplus, we find that stronger effective checks and balances explain why cycles are weaker in developed and established democracies. Once the discretional component of executive power is isolated, there are significant cycles in all democracies. Whether the political system is presidential or parliamentary, or the electoral rules are majoritarian or proportional, does not change the basic results.political budget cycles, asymmetric information, discretion, separation of powers, checks and balances, veto players, rule of law

Essays on Political Economy

“Essays on Political Economy” explores the connections between politics and economics in several different contexts. By politics, or more precisely the political game, I mean the social procedures through which collective decisions are made. By economics I mean the economic game once collective decisions have already been selected. Of particular interest are the preferences about collective decisions among agents induced by the economic game. Some of the political institutions for selecting public policies can be easily changed and, hence, should be treated themselves as endogenous collective decisions. Others are very robust. I will refer to the later group as the political structure of society. Similarly, parts of the rules of the economic game do not significantly depend on collective decisions. I will denote them, the economic structure of society. The underlying premise of the thesis is simple. Collective decisions are endogenous outcomes that depend on the form and intensity of social conflict. In turn, the economic and political structure of society shapes the form and intensity of social conflict. The main objective is to improve the understanding of the deep economic and political determinants of collective decisions. In political economy more than in any other field, it is arbitrary to draw a line between endogenous and exogenous variables. In an effort to minimize this issue, the essays of this thesis rely on formal game theoretic models. Thus, the distinction between endogenous and exogenous variables in each model is always clear and simple to detect. The equilibrium of the model connects the endogenous collective decisions with the exogenous economic and political structure. Sometimes I also go beyond the positive equilibrium-comparative statics analysis and I perform a normative cost-benefit analysis with respect to the exogenous political structure. For such cases, the political structure is interpreted as a long run norm such as a constitution, and the implicit assumption is that the norm is selected to maximize some welfare criteria

Institutional-cultural coherence and economic development: the case of the Spanish regions

We explore how cultural traits coherent with liberal institutions affect economic performance. The matching between cultural traits and institutions is what we refer to as cultural-institutional coherence. We study how cultural-institutional coherence influenced the paths followed by Spanish regions after Spain’s liberal reforms in the 19th century. We argue that these liberal reforms brought important changes to Spain’s institutions and contributed to inducing a major rearrangement in the distribution of economic development across the country’s regions. This process favored regions with cultural traits that were more coherent with liberal institutions. We address endogeneity issues using the disparate political paths that the regions followed in their distant pasts. We characterize political paths in terms of Municipal autonomy in the Middle Ages, as well as Constraints on the executive in the early modern period which, we argue, are good instruments for these cultural traits.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B2018/074Universidade de Vigo/CISU

A atividade física no Parque Barigüi e Jardim Botânico em Curitiba

Orientadora: Maria Gisele dos SantosMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Física

Ensayo de híbridos de maíz de siembra tardía

La evaluación de cultivares de maíz es parte de la experimentación adaptativa que la Agencia INTA 9 de julio realiza en campos de productores. Esta actividad permite contar con información local del comportamiento de los distintos materiales de los que disponen las empresas semilleras. Conocer los avances genéticos de un año para otro, el potencial de rendimiento de los cultivares y su estabilidad permite contar con mayores certezas a la hora de decidir que hibrido sembrar.EEA PergaminoFil: Torrens Baudrix, Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural 9 de Julio; ArgentinaFil: Luceri, Gustavo Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural 9 de Julio; Argentin

Discretional political budget cycles and separation of powers

In contrast to previous empirical work on electoral cycles, which implicitly assumes the executive has full discretion over fiscal policy, this paper contends that under separation of powers an unaligned legislature may have a moderating role. Focusing on the budget surplus, we find that stronger effective checks and balances explain why cycles are weaker in developed and established democracies. Once the discretional component of executive power is isolated, there are significant cycles in all democracies. Whether the political system is presidential or parliamentary, or the electoral rules are majoritarian or proportional, does not change the basic results.Departamento de Economí

Ensayo comparativo de variedades de trigo : campaña 2022

La información generada localmente sobre el comportamiento de las variedades de trigo de las que se disponen en el mercado es sumamente valorada por el sector productivo al momento de planificar cada campaña. En este informe se brinda el potencial y calidad de rendimiento, perfil sanitario, estructura de la planta, comportamiento al vuelco, entre otros. Al mismo tiempo, en relación con los materiales que están presentes en varias campañas pueda evaluarse en función de su estabilidad ante diversas condiciones climáticas. En 2022, la Agencia de Extensión Rural 9 de Julio del INTA realizó un ensayo comparativo de rendimiento de variedades de trigo. Se analizaron 10 variedades de ciclo intermedio-largo y 12 de ciclo corto. Se llevaron a cabo en un lote cercano a la localidad El Provincial, propiedad de la familia Randazzo, sobre un suelo Hapludol éntico, típico de la región. Previo a la siembra, se tomaron muestras de suelo con la finalidad de conocer la disponibilidad de nutrientes para la campaña.EEA PergaminoFil: Torrens Baudrix, Lisandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural 9 de Julio; ArgentinaFil: Luceri, Gustavo Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural 9 de Julio; Argentin

A atividade física no Parque Barigüi e Jardim Botânico em Curitiba

Orientadora: Maria Gisele dos SantosMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Física