Corporate Criminal Liability: Toward a Compliance-Orientated Approach

Under U.S. federal law, a corporation can be held criminally liable for the crimes of its employees and agents. The Department of Justice\u27s U.S. Attorneys\u27 Manual lays out a list of factors prosecutors can evaluate when deciding whether or not to prosecute a corporate entity. The Department of Justice (DOJ) prosecutors have various tools at their disposal, including deferred prosecution agreements (DPAs) and non-prosecution agreements (NPAs) as alternatives to going to trial. Prosecutors have used DPAs and NPAs in recent cases, allowing the government to ensure that corporate entities comply with investigations, enact compliance programs, and continue to follow laws and regulations. The use of DPAs and NPAs are on the rise, and these agreements are now used in cases concerning the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and the U.S. Commodity Future Trading Commission (CFTC). Comments from the Trump Administration suggest that these agreements will continue to be used to deter corporate criminal misconduct. Many Latin American countries have recently enacted laws to impose corporate criminal liability and use some type of compliance-based program to help deter future wrongdoing. Mexico, in particular, has recently amended its Federal Penal Code to prosecute and punish corporate entities. Since the Mexican case law in this area is still developing, it is very important that Mexico adopt deferred prosecution agreements, non-prosecution agreements, or a variation thereof that require compliance programs to enhance the public perception of the Mexican government and the judiciary. Mexico is just one of many countries amending its laws, suggesting a shift toward an implied understanding of the importance of a compliance-oriented approach. Foreign jurisdictions and the U.S. DOJ continue to enact programs to help regulate laws and deter criminal activity in many industries. The acceptance of the corporate criminal liability doctrine in several jurisdictions promotes the public interest and the integrity of the legal system, deters future illegal activity, and helps ensure corporate compliance with the law

Biomedical Informatics Applications for Precision Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Modern medicine is in the midst of a revolution driven by “big data,” rapidly advancing computing power, and broader integration of technology into healthcare. Highly detailed and individualized profiles of both health and disease states are now possible, including biomarkers, genomic profiles, cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, high-frequency assessments, and medical imaging. Although these data are incredibly complex, they can potentially be used to understand multi-determinant causal relationships, elucidate modifiable factors, and ultimately customize treatments based on individual parameters. Especially for neurodegenerative diseases, where an effective therapeutic agent has yet to be discovered, there remains a critical need for an interdisciplinary perspective on data and information management due to the number of unanswered questions. Biomedical informatics is a multidisciplinary field that falls at the intersection of information technology, computer and data science, engineering, and healthcare that will be instrumental for uncovering novel insights into neurodegenerative disease research, including both causal relationships and therapeutic targets and maximizing the utility of both clinical and research data. The present study aims to provide a brief overview of biomedical informatics and how clinical data applications such as clinical decision support tools can be developed to derive new knowledge from the wealth of available data to advance clinical care and scientific research of neurodegenerative diseases in the era of precision medicine

Lie Algebraic Similarity Transformed Hamiltonians for Lattice Model Systems

We present a class of Lie algebraic similarity transformations generated by exponentials of two-body on-site hermitian operators whose Hausdorff series can be summed exactly without truncation. The correlators are defined over the entire lattice and include the Gutzwiller factor $n_{i\uparrow}n_{i\downarrow}$, and two-site products of density $(n_{i\uparrow} + n_{i\downarrow})$ and spin $(n_{i\uparrow}-n_{i\downarrow})$ operators. The resulting non-hermitian many-body Hamiltonian can be solved in a biorthogonal mean-field approach with polynomial computational cost. The proposed similarity transformation generates locally weighted orbital transformations of the reference determinant. Although the energy of the model is unbound, projective equations in the spirit of coupled cluster theory lead to well-defined solutions. The theory is tested on the 1D and 2D repulsive Hubbard model where we find accurate results across all interaction strengths.Comment: The supplemental material is include

Estrategias comunicativas para publicar eventos masivos en Guayaquil

La evolución de las estrategias y técnicas comunicativas, se expanden en todos los campos de la sociedad, gracias al alcance y la creatividad de sus interpretes se convirtió en un recurso necesario y obligatorio en el campo publicitario. Afiches, productos audiovisuales, encuestas, y demás son algunas de las tácticas que utilizan los empresarios o promotores de eventos para vender sus productos y/o servicios.The evolution of communication strategies and techniques, expand in all fields of society, thanks to the scope and creativity of its interpreters became a necessary and mandatory resource in the advertising field. Posters, audiovisual products, surveys, and others are some of the tactics that entrepreneurs or event promoters use to sell their products and / or services

Niveles de motivación de logro en el proceso educativo y su influencia en el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes del bachillerato de la opción General del Instituto Nacional Francisco Gavidia, de la ciudad de San Miguel, durante los meses de febrero a agosto en el año 2016

El propósito de la investigación es conocer los niveles motivación de logro y el grado de correlación que tiene en el rendimiento académico; se sabe, que la motivación de logro es reconocido como un impulso, a nivel académico, relativamente favorable. Con la motivación de logro, se puede llegar a mantener la iniciativa del individuo y encaminarlo a tener éxito en la culminación de metas y objetivos; pero el rendimiento académico tiene diversos factores (como situación económica, familiar, sociales o ambientales), en este caso se acudió a las calificaciones obtenidas en el primer trimestre. Se escogió la muestra de 57 estudiantes de primero y segundo año de bachillerato de entre 16 y 18 años de edad porque son los que están más próximos a someterse a la PAES como una de las actividades académicas más difíciles y significativas del nivel académico alcanzado. El instrumento a utilizar para medir la motivación de logro tiene cuatro subcategorías: acciones orientadas al logro, aspiraciones de logro y pensamientos orientados al logro, y también una categoría especial que mide cuan fiable son los datos para cada individuo: la deseabilidad social, esta última mide cuan capaces son de dar resultados solamente por agradar a los demás. No se debe de ignorar que en el país no hay un enorme grado de expectativas de superación ya que existen antecedentes no solo académicos, si no, emocionales, sociales y familiares, etc. Estos y entre otros factores son los que incentivan a la realización de la investigación, los estudiantes necesitan ayuda con la cual se podría llegar a manejar de mejor forma los problemas de diversa naturaleza que se le rodea, añadiendo en los horarios de clase, actividades que permitan el crecimiento y desarrollo de habilidades en dicho tema (motivación de logro). Al realizar la prueba de hipótesis se encontró que la hipótesis de investigación fue aprobada debido a que existe una correlación de 0.308 entre la motivación de logro y el rendimiento académico, por lo tanto, existe una correlación positiva significativa pero baja en la investigación presentad

Dos enfoques teóricos sobre los acuerdos de libre comercio, y sus claúsulas dirigidas a las pequeñas y medianas empresas

Artículo correspondiente a un proyecto de investigaciónLa negociación de los acuerdos comerciales internacionales, pese al repentino resurgimiento de cierto tipo de fuerzas proteccionistas en el presente, sigue siendo una constante de las relaciones económicas y los negocios internacionales, en el presente documento se analizan los problemas que las pequeñas y medias empresas mexicanas enfrentan en los siguientes temas a) los trámites aduaneros onerosos que se aplican a ellas, b) las dificultades para establecer oficinas o filiales en el exterior, c) los obstáculos para procesar los pagos internacionales, d) las regulaciones extranjeras onerosas para sus negocios, e) los impuestos a pagar en el extranjero, f) los derechos de propiedad intelectual, g) el financiamiento a sus operaciones en el exterior, h) los altos costos para el transporte internacional de sus mercancías, i) el problema de visado para sus directivos. Después de revisar cada uno de estos problemas, se plantean sugerencias acerca de cómo podrían negociarse soluciones internacionales a estos asuntos, en los próximos acuerdos comerciales internacionales en donde intervenga el gobierno mexicano

Composite fermion-boson mapping for fermionic lattice models

We present a mapping of elementary fermion operators onto a quadratic form of composite fermionic and bosonic operators. The mapping is an exact isomorphism as long as the physical constraint of one composite particle per cluster is satisfied. This condition is treated on average in a composite particle mean-field approach, which consists of an ansatz that decouples the composite fermionic and bosonic sectors. The theory is tested on the one- and two-dimensional Hubbard models. Using a Bogoliubov determinant for the composite fermions and either a coherent or Bogoliubov state for the bosons, we obtain a simple and accurate procedure for treating the Mott insulating phase of the Hubbard model with mean-field computational cost

A Ubiquitous Learning Model for Education and Training Processes Supported by TV Everywhere Platforms

Advances in technology and digital convergence, for example Netflix, enable users to view TV and video without time or place restrictions. These advances can be applied in education and training processes to enable ubiquitous learning (u-learning). However, a literature review (of the years 2002 to 2018) on u-learning models yielded scarce information about its implementation, specifically demonstrating a lack of application alternatives that could provide access to TV regardless of place and device. To contribute to this and other challenges in education, the objective of this study is to propose a reference model for u-learning implementation involving cloud-supported TV/video platforms. The model was validated in a university context by a group of experts and applied through a prototype in a real setting with students, and it showed favourable results and improvement in student performance