A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Chemosterilization of the tomato leaf miner moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrich, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

O tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.), é atacado pela praga, Tuta absoluta (Meyrich, 1917), que atualmente é controlada através de aplicações maciças de agrotóxicos. Com o intuito de se reduzir a utilização destes produtos, foram estudados dois novos métodos de controle para esta praga: a quimioesterilização e o emprego de isca tóxica. O estudo da quimioesterilização, foi realizado observando-se as dosagens, períodos e métodos de exposição, que esterilizavam pupas de machos, visando a obtenção de adultos estéreis. Os produtos utilizados foram: pyriproxyfen, lufenuron e abamectin. Avaliou-se a viabilidade dos ovos colocados pelos casais, e também a emergência destes, quando submetidos aos diferentes períodos e métodos de exposição às caldas. O produto, a dosagem e o método de exposição que ocasionou a menor viabilidade dos ovos foi o pyriproxyfen (Cordial), na dosagem de 2ml/l água, através da imersão de 3 minutos das pupas nesta calda, seguido pelo abamectin (Vertimec) na dose de 0,003ml/l água. A emergência foi afetada apenas pelo período de 5 minutos de imersão. Nos testes visando o emprego da isca tóxica em casa de vegetação, pyriproxyfen, na dose de 2ml/l de água, adicionado de melaço a 5%, pulverizado diretamente sobre as plantas, controla a praga T. absoluta.The tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) is attacked by pest Tuta absoluta (Meyrich, 1917), currently controlled through massive chemical applications. In order to reduce the usage of such products, two new methods to control the pest were studied: chemosterilization and toxic bait. The chemosterilization study was carried out by observing the doses, periods and methods of exposure sterilizing male pupae viewing the achievement of sterile adults. The products used were pyriproxyfen, lufenuron and abamectin. The viability of eggs laid by the couple and their emergence when submitted to different exposure periods and methods in the solutions were evaluated. The product, dosage and exposure methods leading to lesser egg viability was pyriproxyfen (Cordial), at 2ml/l water, through a 3-minute immersion of pupae into the solution, followed by abamectin (Vertimec) at 0.003ml/l water. Emergence was only affected by a 5-minute immersion period. In tests viewing toxic bait usage in green house, pyriproxyfen at a 2 ml/l water dose plus 5% molasses sprayed directly on to plants controls pest T. absoluta

Chemosterilization of the tomato leaf miner moth Tuta absoluta (Meyrich, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

O tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.), é atacado pela praga, Tuta absoluta (Meyrich, 1917), que atualmente é controlada através de aplicações maciças de agrotóxicos. Com o intuito de se reduzir a utilização destes produtos, foram estudados dois novos métodos de controle para esta praga: a quimioesterilização e o emprego de isca tóxica. O estudo da quimioesterilização, foi realizado observando-se as dosagens, períodos e métodos de exposição, que esterilizavam pupas de machos, visando a obtenção de adultos estéreis. Os produtos utilizados foram: pyriproxyfen, lufenuron e abamectin. Avaliou-se a viabilidade dos ovos colocados pelos casais, e também a emergência destes, quando submetidos aos diferentes períodos e métodos de exposição às caldas. O produto, a dosagem e o método de exposição que ocasionou a menor viabilidade dos ovos foi o pyriproxyfen (Cordial), na dosagem de 2ml/l água, através da imersão de 3 minutos das pupas nesta calda, seguido pelo abamectin (Vertimec) na dose de 0,003ml/l água. A emergência foi afetada apenas pelo período de 5 minutos de imersão. Nos testes visando o emprego da isca tóxica em casa de vegetação, pyriproxyfen, na dose de 2ml/l de água, adicionado de melaço a 5%, pulverizado diretamente sobre as plantas, controla a praga T. absoluta.The tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) is attacked by pest Tuta absoluta (Meyrich, 1917), currently controlled through massive chemical applications. In order to reduce the usage of such products, two new methods to control the pest were studied: chemosterilization and toxic bait. The chemosterilization study was carried out by observing the doses, periods and methods of exposure sterilizing male pupae viewing the achievement of sterile adults. The products used were pyriproxyfen, lufenuron and abamectin. The viability of eggs laid by the couple and their emergence when submitted to different exposure periods and methods in the solutions were evaluated. The product, dosage and exposure methods leading to lesser egg viability was pyriproxyfen (Cordial), at 2ml/l water, through a 3-minute immersion of pupae into the solution, followed by abamectin (Vertimec) at 0.003ml/l water. Emergence was only affected by a 5-minute immersion period. In tests viewing toxic bait usage in green house, pyriproxyfen at a 2 ml/l water dose plus 5% molasses sprayed directly on to plants controls pest T. absoluta

Primeiro registro de Chara indica e Chara zeylanica (Charophyceae, Charales, Characeae) em reservatórios do semiárido do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n3p243No presente trabalho, apresentamos os primeiros registros das macroalgas Chara indica e Chara zeylanica para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, e para o semiárido nordestino. Exemplares de C. indica e C. zeylanica foram coletados nos reservatórios de Santa Cruz e Umari, respectivamente. Ambos os reservatórios estão localizados na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Apodi-Mossoró (oeste do estado), estando inseridos no bioma Caatinga

La política del ambiente en América Latina : una aproximación desde el cambio ambiental global

Este libro aborda el estudio de políticas ambientales de distintos países latinoamericanos desde el enfoque del cambio ambiental global, es decir, a partir de las transformaciones de ecosistemas como resultado de la acción de los seres humanos, quienes modifican los entornos globales y configuran, individual y colectivamente, el rumbo del planeta y de la sociedad. La forma como se entiende y aborda la crisis ambiental global está vinculada con la atención que se presta a las políticas ambientales locales, nacionales e internacionales orientadas a combatir sus causas y efectos. Esto implica traer a las ciencias sociales al primer plano del campo científico con el doble objetivo de desentrañar las causas antrópicas más profundas de los problemas ambientales y de evaluar las posibilidades de su transformación a partir de la acción del Estado

Using online databases to produce comprehensive accounts of the vascular plants from the Brazilian protected areas: The Parque Nacional do Itatiaia as a case study

Brazil is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with about 37,000 species of land plants. Part of this biodiversity is within protected areas. The development of online databases in the last years greatly improved the available biodiversity data. However, the existing databases do not provide information about the protected areas in which individual plant species occur. The lack of such information is a crucial gap for conservation actions. This study aimed to show how the information captured from online databases, cleaned by a protocol and verified by taxonomists allowed us to obtain a comprehensive list of the vascular plant species from the "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia", the first national park founded in Brazil. All existing records in the online database JABOT (15,100 vouchers) were downloaded, resulting in 11,783 vouchers identified at the species level. Overall, we documented 2,316 species belonging to 176 families and 837 genera of vascular plants in the "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia". Considering the whole vascular flora, 2,238 species are native and 78 are non-native.The "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia" houses 13% of the angiosperm and 37% of the fern species known from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Amongst these species, 82 have been cited as threatened, following IUCN categories (CR, EN or VU), seven are data deficient (DD) and 15 have been classified as a conservation priority, because they are only known from a single specimen collected before 1969

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora