Ecology of Anopheles darlingi Root with respect to vector importance: a review

Anopheles darlingi is one of the most important malaria vectors in the Americas. In this era of new tools and strategies for malaria and vector control it is essential to have knowledge on the ecology and behavior of vectors in order to evaluate appropriateness and impact of control measures. This paper aims to provide information on the importance, ecology and behavior of An. darlingi. It reviews publications that addressed ecological and behavioral aspects that are important to understand the role and importance of An. darlingi in the transmission of malaria throughout its area of distribution. The results show that Anopheles darlingi is especially important for malaria transmission in the Amazon region. Although numerous studies exist, many aspects determining the vectorial capacity of An. darlingi, i.e. its relation to seasons and environmental conditions, its gonotrophic cycle and longevity, and its feeding behavior and biting preferences, are still unknown. The vector shows a high degree of variability in behavioral traits. This makes it difficult to predict the impact of ongoing changes in the environment on the mosquito populations. Recent studies indicate a good ability of An. darlingi to adapt to environments modified by human development. This allows the vector to establish populations in areas where it previously did not exist or had been controlled to date. The behavioral variability of the vector, its adaptability, and our limited knowledge of these impede the establishment of effective control strategies. Increasing our knowledge of An. darlingi is necessary

TÊNIS DE MESA ADAPTADO/POLYBAT NA INCLUSÃO DE ALUNO COM DEFICIÊNCIA FÍSICA NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PAUTADO NA OBSERVAÇÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE GESTOS E RELAÇÕES INTERPESSOAIS

A educação de alunos com deficiências, distúrbios graves de aprendizagem, comportamento e outras condições que afetam o desenvolvimento, tradicionalmente tem se pautado em um modelo de atendimento especializado, denominado Educação Especial. No entanto, nas últimas décadas, em função de novas demandas e expectativas sociais, os profissionais dessa área têm se voltado para a busca de alternativas mais inclusivas desses educandos. Uma das propostas recentemente utilizadas no Brasil com vistas ao incentivo do indivíduo com paralisia cerebral à prática continuada e inclusiva de atividades físicas adaptadas é o tênis de mesa adaptado/Polybat, um jogo de adaptação simples, praticado em uma mesa de tênis de mesa convencional, sem a utilização da rede, com anteparos fixados nas laterais. Implantar esta metodologia inovadora com um acadêmico do ensino superior na Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Unidade Universitária de Quirinópolis, foi o objetivo desta investigação. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso descritivo e observacional, com intuito de produzir uma reconstrução vívida do que aconteceu no trabalho de campo. No que diz respeito à aplicação da metodologia, para a realização de cada partida, o enfoque sócio-recreativo esteve sempre presente nas ações da equipe de trabalho. O jogo propriamente dito foi disputado, diariamente, em 11 pontos ou o chamado jogo curto, entre o sujeito deste estudo e os acadêmicos responsáveis pelo trabalho, 4 vezes por semana, totalizando 19 encontros com 30 minutos de duração cada. Os resultados permitiram identificar melhorias no equilíbrio corporal, no controle postural e no controle dos membros superiores e inferiores com relação a diferentes situações de ataque e defesa durante o jogo. A integração social esteve presente em quase todo o desenvolver da respectiva metodologia, porém, é necessário que mais estudos sejam feitos no sentido de elucidar variáveis que de certa forma podem estar interferindo neste tipo de atividade, especialmente a ansiedade, a fadiga e a falta de comprometimento com inclusão por parte da comunidade acadêmica.   Palavras-chave: inclusão, paralisia cerebral, Polyba

Oral and oropharyngeal cancer: time from first symptoms to treatment initiation and associated factors

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the time elapsed from first symptoms to the treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OOC) and to identify variables associated with treatment delay. This is an observational study with retrospective and prospective data collection. Patients with a diagnosis of OOC seen at the Head and Neck Surgery outpatient clinic of a Brazilian public hospital were included and followed up to treatment initiation. Participants answered a questionnaire for the collection of socioeconomic, demographic, cultural, and clinical information, as well as information about the time elapsed from first symptoms to the first appointment with a head and neck surgeon. Time to treatment was classified into four intervals: 1- first symptoms to first medical appointment; 2- first medical appointment to specialized medical care; 3- specialized medical care to preparation for treatment; and 4- preparation for treatment to treatment initiation. Bivariate statistics were computed. Out of 100 participants, nine died before treatment. Mean time to treatment was 217 days. Highest mean time was observed for interval 2 (94 days), followed by interval 1 (63 days), interval 4 (39 days), and interval 3 (21 days). At interval 1, a longer time was associated with severe alcohol consumption, severe smoking, and family history of cancer. At interval 2, the delay was associated with appointment with a general practitioner, clinical diagnosis of disease other than cancer, and antibiotic prescription. At interval 4, delay in treatment was associated with surgical treatment. Patients with OOC experience delays from symptom onset to treatment initiation. The longest interval was associated with professional delay, followed by patient delay in help-seeking

Prejuízos econômicos por condenação de vísceras vermelhas de suínos abatidos em Santa Catarina

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar dados coletados em 11 propriedades que abastecem um frigorífico de Santa Catarina. Foram analisados 2.691 suínos abatidos no ano de 2016 sobre as principais causas de condenações de vísceras vermelhas ou comestíveis em abates. Foram identificadas as seguintes causas por condenações de carcaças: pneumonia enzoótica 52,08%, aspiração por sangue 20,28%, aspiração por líquido 17,01%, aderência de pleura 3,04%, atelectasia pulmonar 0,89%, enfisema pulmonar 0,18%, abscesso pulmonar 0,26%, pleuropneumonia 2,52%, lesão por Ascaris suum 16,05%, perihepatite 1,89%, cirrose hepática 3,04% e pericardite 6,91%. As principais condenações foram por pneumonia enzoótica, aspiração por sangue, lesão por Ascaris suum e pericardite. Durante a inspeção as lesões podem ser provenientes de diferentes fatores, entre eles, falhas no processo tecnológico de abate, ausência de um programa de vacinação e erros de biossegurança nas propriedades, associado com o manejo precário. Diante disso, a redução da prevalência das lesões que culminam em condenação das carcaças pode ser minimizada com o treinamento de funcionários para minimizar as perdas econômicas na indústria e para os produtores de suínos juntamente com um rigoroso controle sanitário nas granjas

Decreased endemic malaria in Suriname: moving towards elimination

Abstract Background Suriname has moved from being the country with the highest annual parasite index in the Americas to one on the threshold of elimination. The progress toward elimination in the stable populations of Suriname between 2000 and 2015 is reviewed. Methods Data was obtained from the Medical Mission and the Ministry of Health Malaria Programme case-reporting systems, and analysed with a focus on disease burden and differentiation of the disease geographically, by malaria species, age, gender, ethnicity, incidence and gametocytaemia. Results Between 2000 and 2015 there were 57,811 locally acquired cases of malaria in the stable populations of Suriname. A significant reduction in indigenous malaria cases was observed from 2006 to 2015. The number of imported malaria cases saw a relative increase compared to the number of autochthonous cases. In 2015 over 95% of the cases reported in stable communities are imported, mainly from neighbouring French Guiana, a department of France. The overall decline in malaria case incidence followed the mass-distribution of free long-lasting insecticide-impregnated mosquito nets and increased awareness building efforts, improved access to malaria services as a result of the introduction of Rapid Diagnostic Tests and the implementation of active case detection in high risk areas. In addition, improved management of Plasmodium falciparum infections was achieved with the introduction of artemisinin combination therapy. Conclusions The existence of a network of policlinics in the interior ran by Medical Mission, for the indigenous population, allowed the rapid implementation of the strategy in stable communities. The success of malaria control in Suriname indicates that the availability at local level, of prompt and adequate prevention, diagnosis and treatment is a key requirement for the elimination of malaria

Comparação entre parâmetros morfométricos de bacias hidrográficas gerados por dados SRTM e ASTER GDEM: estudo de caso para bacias do Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG

This study compared the influence of image resolution SRTM and ASTER in morphometric analysis of five sub-basins of the river Jequitinhonha: Ribeirão Caraíbas, Ribeirão Ilha do Pão, Ribeirão Prates, Ribeirão Pasmado e Ribeirão Santo Antônio. The hydrography of the sub-basins was extracted from both types of images. Morphometric variables were calculated from the sub-basins, including: perimeter, area, coefficient of compactness, total length of canals, slope and drainage density. It was possible to visualize the areas and perimeters of the sub-basins were observed did not differ significantly. Compactness all coefficient values obtained were higher for unit 1, indicating that the sub-basins are elongated shape. Comparing the lengths of channels between the SRTM and ASTER images, we can see a considerable difference. The values obtained in ASTER images tend to be higher, ie, due to a better resolution of the image resulting in a more detailed delineation of the basins. The results of the drainage density calculations show that the sub-watersheds have low density. It is notable that generate high resolution images in more detail in the definition of basins, however, in some cases, these details large, difficult to visualize and understand the basin generated.Pages: 5443-545