In vitro analysis of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index comparing light curing and self-curing composites

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the shear bond strength of self-curing (ConciseTM - 3M and Alpha Plast - DFL) and light-curing composites (TransbondTM XT - 3M and Natural Ortho - DFL) used in orthodontics bonding, associated to Morelli metal brackets, with further analysis of adhesive remnant index (ARI) and enamel condition in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Forty human premolars, just extracted and stored in physiologic solution 0.9 % were used. Randomly, these samples were divided in four groups: G1 group, the brackets were bonded with ConciseTM - 3M composite; in G2 group, Alpha Plast - DFL composite was used; in G3 group, TransbondTM XT - 3M was used; in G4 group, Natural Ortho - DFL composite was used. These groups were submitted to shear strength tests in universal testing machine, at 0.5 mm per minute speed. RESULTS: Statistical difference between G3 and G4 groups was recorded, as G4 showing higher strength resistance than G3. In the other hand, there were no statistical differences between G1, G2 and G3 and G1, G2 and G4 groups. ARI analysis showed that there was no statistical difference between the groups, and low scores were recorded among then. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the debonding spots and the enamel surface integrity. CONCLUSIONS: Shear bond strength was satisfactory and similar between the composites, however Natural Ortho - DFL revealed best comparing to TransbondTM XT - 3M.OBJETIVO: avaliar in vitro a resistência ao cisalhamento de compósitos autopolimerizáveis (Concise e Alpha Plast) e fotopolimerizáveis (Transbond XT e Natural Ortho) utilizados na colagem de braquetes metálicos da marca Morelli, analisando o índice de adesivo remanescente (ARI) e da integridade da superfície do esmalte por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 40 pré-molares humanos extraídos. As raízes dos dentes foram incluídas em gesso-pedra especial, no interior de tubos de PVC usados para a confecção dos corpos de prova. Esses corpos de prova foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo G1, braquetes associados ao compósito Concise; grupo G2, braquetes associados ao compósito Alpha Plast; grupo G3, braquetes associados ao compósito Transbond XT; e grupo G4, braquetes associados ao compósito Natural Ortho. Os grupos foram submetidos ao teste de cisalhamento em máquina universal de ensaios, a uma velocidade de 0,5mm por minuto. RESULTADOS: houve diferença estatística entre os grupos G3 e G4, sendo os valores de G4 superiores; no entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos G1, G2 e G3 e G1, G2 e G4. Na análise do ARI não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos, predominando escores baixos. De acordo com a análise da MEV, constatou-se o rompimento dos compósitos e a integridade do esmalte entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: a resistência ao cisalhamento foi satisfatória e semelhante entre os compósitos utilizados, sendo que a resina Natural Ortho apresentou-se superior à Transbond XT.12412

Dental pain associated with socioeconomic status, psychosocial factors and oral health

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Knowing factors associated with dental pain is important to provide adequate intervention and attention to this major health care problem. This study aimed at understanding the prevalence of dental pain as reason for the latest dental appointment among 15-year old adolescents and at checking its association with socioeconomic factors, behavioral variables and oral health. METHOD: The probabilistic sample was made up of 592 students of 10 state schools. Dental pain variable was evaluated by questionnaires applied at the school. Clinical oral exam was performed according to World Health Organization's criteria and remaining variables were investigated by self-applicable questionnaires. Data were classified by the Excel program and Odds Ratio was used to associate variables. RESULTS: From 592 participants, 33.44% have reported dental pain as reason for their latest dental appointment. After statistical analysis, dental pain was associated with low income (p = 0.04), higher number of people living in the same home (p < 0.01), low frequency of daily tooth brushing (p = 0.01), long interval between dental appointments (p < 0.001), longer time elapsed since last dental appointment (p < 0.001), dental anxiety (p < 0.01), consumption of cariogenic food (p = 0.03), high dental caries experience (p < 0.01) and with the presence of untreated dental caries (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dental pain is related to dental caries experience and activity and to socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, showing the need for further attention to these conditions.JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: É importante conhecer os fatores associados à odontalgia para proporcionar uma adequada intervenção e atenção a este significante problema dos serviços de saúde. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a prevalência de odontalgia como motivo de última consulta odontológica de adolescentes de 15 anos e verificar sua associação com fatores socioeconômicos, variáveis comportamentais e saúde bucal. MÉTODO: A amostra probabilística contou com 592 alunos de 10 escolas estaduais. A variável odontalgia foi avaliada por questionário aplicado em ambiente escolar. O exame clínico bucal foi realizado segundo critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde e as demais variáveis foram investigadas utilizando questionários autoaplicáveis. Os dados foram tabulados no Excel e a associação entre as variáveis foram avaliadas utilizando Odds Ratio. RESULTADOS: Do total de 592 participantes, 33,44% dos adolescentes relataram a dor de origem dentária como motivo da última consulta odontológica. Após análise estatística, a odontalgia foi associada à baixa renda (p = 0,04), ao maior número de pessoas residentes no mesmo domicílio (p < 0,01), a baixa frequência de escovação diária (p = 0,01), ao alto intervalo entre consulta odontológica (p < 0,001), ao maior período de tempo em que se deu a última consulta odontológica (p < 0,001), à ansiedade odontológica (p < 0,01), ao consumo de alimentos cariogênicos (p = 0,03) à alta experiência de cárie (p < 0,01) e à presença de lesão cariosa não tratada (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A odontalgia está relacionada com a experiência e atividade de cárie dentária e a fatores socioeconômicos e psicossociais, mostrando a necessidade de maior atenção com estas condições.34334

Evaluation of ionic degradation and slot corrosion of metallic brackets by the action of different dentifrices

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro ionic degradation and slot base corrosion of metallic brackets subjected to brushing with dentifrices, through analysis of chemical composition by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and qualitative analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Thirty eight brackets were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 7). Two groups (n = 5) worked as positive and negative controls. Simulated orthodontic braces were assembled using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wires and elastomeric rings. The groups were divided according to surface treatment: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Positive control (artificial saliva) and Negative control (no treatment). Twenty eight brushing cycles were performed and evaluations were made before (T0) and after (T1) experiment. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed no difference in ionic concentrations of titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) between groups. G2 presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion (Al). Groups G3 and G4 presented significant increase (p < 0.05) in the concentration of aluminium ion. The SEM analysis showed increased characteristics indicative of corrosion on groups G2, G3 and G4. CONCLUSION: The EDS analysis revealed that control groups and G1 did not suffer alterations on the chemical composition. G2 presented degradation in the amount of Al ion. G3 and G4 suffered increase in the concentration of Al. The immersion in artificial saliva and the dentifrice Máxima Proteção Anticáries® did not alter the surface polishing. The dentifrices Total 12®, Sensitive® and Branqueador® altered the surface polishing.OBJETIVO: avaliar in vitro a degradação iônica e corrosão do fundo do slot de braquetes metálicos submetidos à escovação com dentifrícios, realizando análises da composição química por Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS) e qualitativa por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). MÉTODOS: foram selecionados 38 braquetes divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais (n = 7). Dois grupos (n = 5) funcionaram como controles positivo e negativo. Aparelhos ortodônticos simulados foram confeccionados com fios de aço inoxidável 0,019 x 0,025 e anéis elastoméricos. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com o tratamento de superfície: G1 (Máxima Proteção Anticáries®); G2 (Total 12®); G3 (Sensitive®); G4 (Branqueador®); Controle Positivo (saliva artificial) e Controle Negativo (sem tratamento). Foram realizados 28 ciclos de escovação e avaliações antes (T0) e após (T1) o experimento. RESULTADOS: o teste de Wilcoxon indicou não existir diferença nas concentrações iônicas de titânio (Ti), cromo (Cr), ferro (Fe) e níquel (Ni) entre os grupos. O grupo G2 apresentou redução significativa (p < 0,05) na concentração do íon alumínio (Al) e os grupos G3 e G4 apresentaram aumento significativo (p < 0,05) nas concentrações do íon alumínio. A análise em MEV mostrou aumento nas características indicativas de corrosão dos grupos G2, G3 e G4. CONCLUSÃO: a análise por EDS revelou que os grupos controle e G1 não sofreram alterações na composição química. O grupo G2 apresentou degradação na quantidade de íons Al, e G3 e G4 sofreram aumento na concentração de Al. A imersão em saliva artificial e o dentifrício Máxima Proteção Anticáries® não alteraram o polimento de superfície. Os dentifrícios Total 12®, Sensitive® e Branqueador® alteraram o polimento de superfície.869

[family Cohesion Associated With Oral Health, Socioeconomic Factors And Health Behavior].

Overall health surveys have related family cohesion to socio-economic status and behavioral factors. The scope of this study was to investigate the association between family cohesion and socio-economic, behavioral and oral health factors. This was a, cross-sectional study with two-stage cluster sampling. The random sample consisted of 524 adolescents attending public schools in the city of Piracicaba-SP. Variables were evaluated by self-applied questionnaires and caries and periodontal disease were assessed by DMF-T and CPI indices. The adolescent's perception of family cohesion was assessed using the family adaptability and cohesion scale. Univariate and multinomial logistic regression shows that adolescents with low family cohesion were more likely than those with medium family cohesion to have low income (OR 2,28 95% CI 1,14- 4,55), presence of caries (OR 2,23 95% CI 1,21-4,09), less than two daily brushings (OR 1,91 95% CI 1,03-3,54). Adolescents with high family cohesion were more likely than those with medium family cohesion to have high income and protective behavior against the habit of smoking. Thus, the data shows that adolescent perception of family cohesion was associated with behavioral, socio-economic and oral health variables, indicating the importance of an integral approach to patient health.182461-7

Eficiência de um grupo de sala de espera na adesão do aleitamento materno exclusivo

Introdução: o aleitamento materno é a estratégia isolada que mais previne mortes infantis, além de promover a saúde da mãe e do bebê. Existem evidências que o leite materno é o alimento ideal para o crescimento e desenvolvimento dos lactentes, além de ser responsável por benefícios importantes à mãe no pós-parto. É recomendado pelo Ministério da Saúde que o aleitamento materno seja exclusivo nos seis primeiros meses de vida do bebê. Objetivo: este estudo determinou se houve validade das ações em grupos de sala de espera com gestantes, na adesão da amamentação exclusiva. Metodologia: a coleta de dados foi realizada na comunidade rural da cidade de São Carlos, SP, Brasil, utilizando um questionário semi-estruturado elaborado com parâmetros na Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras e no Distrito Federal PPAM-CDF, 2007, sendo aplicado durante o primeiro mês do lactente e depois de realizado o acompanhamento mensal da nutriz com objetivo de monitorar a amamentação exclusiva. Resultados: dentre os fatores de desmame precoce ou opção pela complementação alimentar, 60% das puérperas relataram motivos oriundos de crendices populares e 20% o fim da licença maternidade. Conclusão: o estudo demonstrou maior período de adesão ao aleitamento materno exclusivo por parte das nutrizes que freqüentaram o grupo de sala de espera, e as mesmas, demonstraram acerca dos benefícios da amamentação para a mãe e filho, maiores conhecimentos do que as que não participaram. Palavras-chave: Educação em Saúde; Aleitamento Materno; Promoção da Saúde

Impact of malocclusion on adolescents daily performances

Orientador: Marcelo de Castro MeneghimTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Este estudo foi composto por dois artigos cujo objetivo principal foi determinar as necessidades de tratamento ortodôntico em adolescentes e avaliar o impacto que as más oclusões possuem nas atividades diárias desses indivíduos. A amostra probabilística por conglomerados contou com 528 escolares de 15 anos selecionados em 10 escolas públicas de Piracicaba no ano de 2010. Os exames foram realizados por dois examinadores calibrados seguindo recomendações da OMS. Um questionário semi-estruturado foi enviado aos pais para a obtenção das informações socioeconômicas e obtenção do TCLE. A avaliação dos impactos orais nas atividades diárias (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances - OIDP) foi avaliada através de medida de condição específica (CS-OIDP). Os índices DAI (Dental Aesthetic Index), IOTN (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) e ICON (Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need) foram utilizados para a obtenção das características específicas da oclusão e categorização das necessidades de tratamento ortodôntico. A auto-percepção da estética dental foi avaliada através do Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale (OASIS) e a auto-estima através do Global Self-evaluation (GSE). O interesse em realizar tratamento ortodôntico foi avaliado através de ferramenta específica. Artigo 1: Avaliou a concordância diagnóstica dos índices DAI, IOTN e ICON na determinação das necessidades de tratamento ortodôntico em saúde pública e avaliou a relação entre as necessidades normativas e a presença de impacto nas atividades diárias atribuídos à má oclusão . A comparação das proporções das necessidades de tratamento ortodôntico foi realizada através do teste qui-quadrado. Os índices foram dicotomizados em categorias "com necessidade" e "sem necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico. A concordância diagnóstica foi avaliada através de estatística Kappa. Análise bivariada foi realizada para avaliação da relação existente entre as necessidades normativas e a presença de impactos nas atividades diárias. As necessidades de tratamento de acordo com os critérios adotados foram: 20,65% (n=109) DAI; 19,79% (n=104) IOTN (DHC); 4,73% (n=25) IOTN (AC) and 21,78% (n=115) ICON. A concordância diagnóstica dos índices foi fraca (Kappa variando 0,018-0,235; p=0.00). Apenas a concordância IOTN (DHC)-ICON foi boa (Kappa 0.499; p=0.00). As necessidades normativas apresentaram relação estatisticamente significante com a presença de impactos nas atividades diárias. Artigo 2: Avaliou os indicadores de risco para a presença de impactos nas atividades diárias atribuídos à má oclusão . O índice OIDP foi utilizado como variável dependente para a classificação da presença de impacto e o índice DAI utilizado para avaliação da oclusão. As demais variáveis independentes, auto estima, auto-avaliação estética, interesse ortodôntico e condições sócio-econômicas foram incluídas no modelo. Para análise estatística utilizou-se teste de qui-quadrado e regressão logística uni e multivariada (? = 5%). A presença de má oclusão , necessidade normativa de tratamento, presença de apinhamento, apinhamento maxilar, auto-estima, auto-percepção estética e interesse ortodôntico apresentaram relação estatisticamente significativa com a presença de impactos nas atividades diárias. Um terço dos indivíduos apresentaram impactos nas suas atividades diárias atribuídos as más oclusões. Necessidade de tratamento obrigatória, apinhamento em um ou mais segmentos, apinhamento maxilar ? 2 mm, baixa auto-estima, auto-percepção negativa e ausência de interesse ortodôntico foram considerados indicadores de risco.Abstract: The present study was composed by 2 articles which aims were evaluate the orthodontic treatment needs in adolescents and to evaluate the presence of impacts on daily performances attribute to malocclusion on daily activities. Adolescents were selected, using two-stage cluster sampling. 528 15-year old students were selected from 10 public schools in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The exams were carried out by two previously calibrated examiners in accordance with WHO recommendations. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent to the parents to collect information on socioeconomic level. Face-to-face structured interview was used to collect the data about the condition-specific feature of oral impact on daily performances attributed to malocclusions (CS-OIDP) in the past six months. Intraoral examinations were conducted to register all the necessary malocclusion features and to obtain the DAI, IOTN and ICON indices and to determine the normative orthodontic treatment. The subjects were evaluated to their self-esteem (global self-evaluation) and self-perception of oral esthetics (oral aesthetic subjective impact scale). Orthodontic concern was also assessed through questionnaires. Article 1: the aim of this study was to estimate the diagnostic agreement between dental aesthetic index (DAI), index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) assessments of orthodontic treatment needs and test the association between the normative needs and the presence of impacts on daily performances attributed to malocclusion. DAI, IOTN and ICON were dichotomized into 'yes' or 'no' categories of treatment need and agreement was calculated using Kappa statistics. The results indicate that orthodontic treatment needs according to the criteria adopted were: 20.65% (n=109) DAI; 19.79% (n=104) IOTN (DHC); 4.73% (n=25) IOTN (AC) and 21.78% (n=115) ICON. Agreement of the indices was weak (Kappa ranging 0.018-0.235; p=0.00). Only the comparison IOTN (DHC)-ICON presented a good relationship (Kappa 0.499; p=0.00). Normative needs showed significant relation to oral impacts on daily performances attributed to malocclusions. Article 2: The second study aimed to evaluate the risk indicators of impacts on daily performances attributed to malocclusion. The dental aesthetic index (DAI) was considered for clinical assessment. The (CS-OIDP) instrument was used to assess the presence of impact, as de dependent variable. The self-esteem (global self-evaluation), self-perception of oral esthetics (oral aesthetic subjective impact scale), orthodontic concern and socioeconomic variables were the independent variables. Multiple logistic regressions were used in the data analysis. The results indicated that presence of malocclusion (p = 0.00), normative need (p = 0.00), anterior crowding (p = 0.00), maxillary anterior crowding (p = 0.00), self-esteem (p = 0.03), esthetic self perception (p = 0.00) and orthodontic interest (p = 0.00) were significantly associated with the presence of impacts. Logistic regression indicates that mandatory normative need, anterior crowding in one or more segments, maxillary anterior crowding ? 2 mm, low self esteem, negative esthetic self perception, no orthodontic concern are risk indicators to oral impacts. 1/3 of 15-year old adolescents sample presented impacts on daily performances attributed to malocclusion on the past six months.DoutoradoSaude ColetivaDoutor em Odontologi

In vitro analysis of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index comparing light curing and self-curing composites

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in vitro, the shear bond strength of self-curing (ConciseTM - 3M and Alpha Plast - DFL) and light-curing composites (TransbondTM XT - 3M and Natural Ortho - DFL) used in orthodontics bonding, associated to Morelli metal brackets, with further analysis of adhesive remnant index (ARI) and enamel condition in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Forty human premolars, just extracted and stored in physiologic solution 0.9 % were used. Randomly, these samples were divided in four groups: G1 group, the brackets were bonded with ConciseTM - 3M composite; in G2 group, Alpha Plast - DFL composite was used; in G3 group, TransbondTM XT - 3M was used; in G4 group, Natural Ortho - DFL composite was used. These groups were submitted to shear strength tests in universal testing machine, at 0.5 mm per minute speed. RESULTS: Statistical difference between G3 and G4 groups was recorded, as G4 showing higher strength resistance than G3. In the other hand, there were no statistical differences between G1, G2 and G3 and G1, G2 and G4 groups. ARI analysis showed that there was no statistical difference between the groups, and low scores were recorded among then. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the debonding spots and the enamel surface integrity. CONCLUSIONS: Shear bond strength was satisfactory and similar between the composites, however Natural Ortho - DFL revealed best comparing to TransbondTM XT - 3M

Does the bracket composition material influence initial biofilm formation?

Context: Orthodontic treatment has been reported to contribute to the development and accumulation of dental biofilm, which is commonly found on bracket and adjacent surfaces. Aims: The aim of this work is to test the hypothesis if there are differences in dental biofilm formation on the surface of orthodontic brackets according to the type of composition material. Subjects and Methods: Three bracket types (metallic, composite, and ceramic) had been evaluated. Subjects wore acrylic palatal orthodontic appliances, containing 6 brackets each, for two 3-day cycles. On the end of first cycle, the amount of dental biofilm formed on the samples was extracted using 1.0-M NaOH and analyzed by spectrophotometry for quantification. An additional cycle was carried out to verify the dental biofilm formation using scanning electronic microscope analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference among the materials (metallic, ceramic and composite) concerning the dental biofilm absorbance spectrum. Multiple comparisons were made using the Tukey′s test (α =0.05). Results: Composite brackets showed greater values concerning biofilm formation, when compared with the metallic and ceramic ones, both of which presented similar scores. The hypothesis is accepted. There are differences on the biofilm formation according to the type of material. Conclusions: The in situ model tested was found to be effective in evaluating the accumulation and development of biofilm on orthodontic brackets. In the quantitative analysis, composite brackets showed greater biofilm adhesion values while metallic and ceramic presented similar biofilm absorbance spectrum

Factors influencing orthodontic treatment time for non-surgical Class III malocclusion

ABSTRACT To improve orthodontic treatment efficiency, orthodontists must know which variables could interfere with orthodontic treatment time. Objective: To identify variables and their effect size on orthodontic treatment time of Class III malocclusion. Material and Methods: Forty-five Class III malocclusion cases were selected from 2008 patients’ records. Clinical charts, cephalometric radiographs, and pre and posttreatment dental casts were evaluated. Age, sex, PAR index at T1 and T2, overjet, missing teeth, extractions, number of treatment phases, missed appointments, appliance breakages, and cephalometric variables SNA, SNB, ANB, Wits, SnGoGn, CoA, CoGn, IMPA, 1.PP were investigated by multiple linear regression analysis and stepwise method at p2 (patients who missed more than 2 appointments), to detect the influence of this data on treatment time and the quality of the treatment (PAR T2). Results: Average treatment time was 30.27 months. Multiple regression analysis showed that missed appointment (R2=0.4345) and appliance breakages (R2=0.0596) are the only variables able to significantly predict treatment duration. Treatment time for patients who missed more than 2 appointments was nearly one year longer. However, no significant influence on PAR T2 was observed for those patients. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment duration in Class III patients is mainly influenced by factors related to patient compliance. Patients who missed more appointments did not show worse orthodontic finishing, but longer treatment. No occlusal, cephalometric, or demographic variable obtained before treatment was able to give some significant prediction about treatment time in Class III patients