Мониторинг этиологической структуры возбудителей у пациентов с гнойными ранами

РАНЕВАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ /МИКРОБ /ЭТИОЛСТАФИЛОКОККИ /ПАТОГЕНSTAPHYLOCOCCUS /ПАТОГЕНЭНТЕРОБАКТЕРИИ /ПАТОГЕНENTEROBACTERIACEAE /ПАТОГЕНКОЛИФОРМНЫЕ БАЦИЛЛЫ /ПАТОГЕНПАРАКОЛОБАКТЕРИИ /ПАТОГЕНПСЕВДОМОНАДЫ /ПАТОГЕНГИДРОГЕНОМОНАДЫ /ПАТОГЕНХЛОРОБАКТЕРИИ /ПАТОГЕНКЛЕБСИЕЛЛЫ /ПАТОГЕНАКИНЕТОБАКТЕРИИ /ПАТОГЕНACINETOBACTER /ПАТОГЕНHERELLEA /ПАТОГЕНMIMA /ПАТОГЕНБАКТЕРИИ АНАЭРОБНЫЕ /ПАТОГЕНЦель исследования – изучить изменения в этиологической структуре возбудителей у пациентов с гнойными ранами. Материал и методы. На базе бактериологической лаборатории в 2006-2007 годах и в 2019-2020 годах обследованы бактериологическими методами 92 и 99 пациентов с гнойными ранами различных локализаций, соответственно. Пациенты проходили стационарное лечение в отделении гнойной хирургии УЗ "Витебская областная клиническая больница". Определение видовой принадлежности производилось в автоматическом режиме на биохимическом анализаторе АТВ Expression "bioMerieux" с использованием тест-систем: ID 32 STAPH – для стафилококков, ID 32 E – для энтеробактерий, ID 32 GN – для грамотрицательных палочек, rapid ID 32 A – для анаэробов и разработанных нами тест-систем "ИД-ЭНТЕР", "ИД-АНА" для энтеробактерий и анаэробных возбудителей, соответственно. Результаты. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что на 13,96% (р<0,05) уменьшилась роль рода Staphylococcus, на 6,19% (р<0,05) Streptococcus pyogenes. На 12,25% (р<0,05) увеличилась доля Klebsiella pneumoniae, на 15,58% (р<0,05) – Acinetobacter baumannii. В микробном пейзаже начали появляться новые ассоциации: S.aureus + A.baumannii – 14,71% (р<0,05), представитель семейства Enterobacteriaceae + A.baumannii – 11,76% (р<0,05). Заключение. За 13 лет произошли существенные изменения в этиологической структуре экзогенных микроорганизмов у пациентов с гнойными ранами. На фоне снижения роли грамположительной флоры отмечается достоверное увеличение доли грамотрицательных проблемных возбудителей, таких как K.pneumoniae и A.baumannii. Полученные результаты необходимо учитывать при проведении антибиотикотерапии у пациентов с гнойными ранами.Objectives. To study changes in the etiological structure of pathogens in patients with purulent wounds. Material and methods. On the basis of the bacteriological laboratory, in 2006-2007 and in 2019-2020, 92 and 99 patients with purulent wounds of various locations, respectively, were examined by bacteriological methods. Patients underwent inpatient treatment at the department of purulent surgery at the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital. Microflora was identified on an automated biochemical analyzer ATB Expression "bioMerieux" using test-systems: ID 32 STAPH – for staphylococci, ID 32 E – for enterobacteria, ID 32 GN – for gram-negative bacilli, rapid ID 32 A – for anaerobes and the "ID-ENTER", "ID-ANA" test-systems, developed by us for identification of enterobacteria and anaerobes, respectively. Results. As a result of the conducted investigations it has been found, that the role of the genus Staphylococcus decreased by 13.96% (p<0.05), and that of S.pyogenes decreased by 6.19% (p<0.05). The proportion of K.pneumoniae increased by 12.25% (p <0.05), and that of A.baumannii increased by 15.58% (p<0.05). New associations began to appear in the microbial landscape: S.aureus + A.baumannii – 14.71% (p<0.05), a representative of the family Enterobacteriaceae + A.baumannii – 11.76% (p<0.05). Conclusions. Over 13 years, significant changes have occurred in the etiological structure of exogenous microorganisms in patients with purulent wounds. Against the background of a decreasing role of gram-positive flora, a significant increase in the proportion of gram-negative problem pathogens, such as K.pneumoniae and A.baumannii, is observed. The obtained results must be taken into account, when providing antibiotic therapy in patients with purulent wounds

Quantitative lung SPECT applied on simulated early COPD and humans with advanced COPD

BACKGROUND:Reduced ventilation in lung regions affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reflected as inhomogeneities in the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) lung image, is correlated to disease advancement. An analysis method for measuring these inhomogeneities is proposed in this work. The first aim was to develop a quantitative analysis method that could discriminate between Monte Carlo simulated normal and COPD lung SPECT images. A second aim was to evaluate the ability of the present method to discriminate between human subjects with advanced COPD and healthy volunteers. METHODS:In the simulated COPD study, different activity distributions in the lungs were created to mimic the healthy lung (normal) and different levels of COPD. Gamma camera projections were Monte Carlo simulated, representing clinically acquired projections of a patient who had inhaled 125 MBq 99mTc-Technegas followed by a 10-min SPECT examination. Reconstructions were made with iterative ordered subset expectation maximisation. The coefficient of variance (CV) was calculated for small overlapping volumes covering the 3D reconstructed activity distribution. A CV threshold value (CVT) was calculated as the modal value of the CV distribution of the simulated normal. The area under the distribution curve (AUC), for CV values greater than CVT, AUC(CVT), was then calculated. Moreover, five patients with advanced emphysema and five healthy volunteers inhaled approximately 75 MBq 99mTc-Technegas immediately before the 20-min SPECT acquisition. In the human study, CVT was based on the mean CV distribution of the five healthy volunteers. RESULTS:A significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) was found between the Monte-Carlo simulated normal and COPD lung SPECT examinations. The present method identified a total reduction of ventilation of approximately 5%, not visible to the human eye in the reconstructed image. In humans the same method clearly discriminated between the five healthy volunteers and five patients with advanced COPD (p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:While our results are promising, the potential of the AUC(CVT) method to detect less advanced COPD in patients needs further clinical studies

Does quantitative lung SPECT detect lung abnormalities earlier than lung function tests? : Results of a pilot study

Background: Heterogeneous ventilation in lungs of allergic individuals, cigarette smokers, asthmatics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients has been demonstrated using imaging modalities such as PET, MR and SPECT. These individuals suffer from narrow and/or closed airways to various extents. By calculating regional heterogeneity in lung ventilation SPECT images as the coefficient of variation (CV) in small elements of the lung, heterogeneity maps and CV-frequency curves can be generated and used to quantitatively measure heterogeneity. This work explores the potential to use such measurements to detect mild ventilation heterogeneities in lung healthy subjects. Method: Fourteen healthy subjects without documented lung disease or respiratory symptoms, and two patients with documented airway disease, inhaled on average approximately 90 MBq 99mTc-Technegas immediately prior to the 20 min SPECT acquisition. Variation in activity uptake between subjects was compensated for in resulting CV values. The area under the compensated CV frequency curve (AUC), for CV values greater than a threshold value CVT, AUC(CV&gt; CVT), was used as the measure of ventilation heterogeneity. Results: Patients with lung function abnormalities, according to lung function tests, generated higher AUC(CV&gt;20%) values compared to healthy subjects (p=0.006). Strong linear correlations with the AUC(CV&gt;20%) values were found for age (p=0.006) and height (p=0.001). These demonstrated that ventilation heterogeneities increased with age and that they depend on lung size. Strong linear correlations were found for the lung function value related to indices of airway closure/air trapping, RV/TLC (p=0.009), and DLCOc (p=0.009), a value partly related to supposed ventilation/perfusion mismatch. These findings support the association between conventional lung function tests and the AUC(CV&gt;20%) value. Conclusions: Among the healthy subjects there is a group with increased AUC(CV&gt;20%) values, but with normal lung function tests, which implies that it might be possible to differentiate ventilation heterogeneities earlier in a disease process than by lung function tests.On the date of the defence date of the Ph.D. Thesis the status of this article was Manuscript.</p

http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56400 EFFICIENT QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS IN RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE IN ÖSTERGÖTLAND, SWEDEN

N.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Radiation Protection Dosimetry following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version

Quantitative lung SPECT applied on simulated early COPD and humans with advanced COPD

BACKGROUND:Reduced ventilation in lung regions affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reflected as inhomogeneities in the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) lung image, is correlated to disease advancement. An analysis method for measuring these inhomogeneities is proposed in this work. The first aim was to develop a quantitative analysis method that could discriminate between Monte Carlo simulated normal and COPD lung SPECT images. A second aim was to evaluate the ability of the present method to discriminate between human subjects with advanced COPD and healthy volunteers. METHODS:In the simulated COPD study, different activity distributions in the lungs were created to mimic the healthy lung (normal) and different levels of COPD. Gamma camera projections were Monte Carlo simulated, representing clinically acquired projections of a patient who had inhaled 125 MBq 99mTc-Technegas followed by a 10-min SPECT examination. Reconstructions were made with iterative ordered subset expectation maximisation. The coefficient of variance (CV) was calculated for small overlapping volumes covering the 3D reconstructed activity distribution. A CV threshold value (CVT) was calculated as the modal value of the CV distribution of the simulated normal. The area under the distribution curve (AUC), for CV values greater than CVT, AUC(CVT), was then calculated. Moreover, five patients with advanced emphysema and five healthy volunteers inhaled approximately 75 MBq 99mTc-Technegas immediately before the 20-min SPECT acquisition. In the human study, CVT was based on the mean CV distribution of the five healthy volunteers. RESULTS:A significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) was found between the Monte-Carlo simulated normal and COPD lung SPECT examinations. The present method identified a total reduction of ventilation of approximately 5%, not visible to the human eye in the reconstructed image. In humans the same method clearly discriminated between the five healthy volunteers and five patients with advanced COPD (p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:While our results are promising, the potential of the AUC(CVT) method to detect less advanced COPD in patients needs further clinical studies

Risk Factors of Developing Long-Lasting Breast Pain After Breast Cancer Radiotherapy

Purpose: Postoperative radiotherapy decreases breast cancer mortality. However, studies have revealed a long-lasting breast pain among some women after radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors that contribute to breast pain after breast cancer radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: We identified 1,027 recurrence-free women in two cohorts of Swedish women treated for breast cancer. The women had breast-conserving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, the breast was treated to 48 Gy in 2.4-Gy fractions or to 50 Gy in 2.0-Gy fractions. Young women received a boost of up to 16 Gy. Women with more than three lymph node metastases had locoregional radiotherapy. Systemic treatments were given according to health-care guidelines. Three to 17 years after radiotherapy, we collected data using a study-specific questionnaire. We investigated the relation between breast pain and potential risk modifiers: age at treatment, time since treatment, chemotherapy, photon energy, fractionation size, boost, locoregional radiotherapy, axillary surgery, overweight, and smoking. Results: Eight hundred seventy-seven women (85%) returned the questionnaires. Among women up to 39 years of age at treatment, 23.1% had breast pain, compared with 8.7% among women older than 60 years (RR 2.66; 95% CI 1.33-5.36). Higher age at treatment (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98, annual decrease) and longer time since treatment (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.98, annual decrease) were related to a lower occurrence of breast pain. Chemotherapy increased the occurrence of breast pain (RR 1.72; 95% CI 1.19-2.47). In the multivariable model only age and time since treatment were statistically significantly related to the occurrence of breast pain. We found no statistically significant relation between breast pain and the other potential risk modifiers. Conclusions: Younger women having undergone breast-conserving surgery with postoperative radiotherapy report a higher occurrence of long-lasting breast pain compared to older women. Time since treatment may decrease the occurrence of pain. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc

Symptoms 10-17 years after breast cancer radiotherapy data from the randomised SWEBCG91-RT trial

Background: Postoperative radiotherapy decreases the risk for local and improves overall survival in women with breast cancer. We have limited information on radiotherapy-induced symptoms 10-17 years after therapy. Material and methods: Between 1997 and 1997, women with lymph node-negative breast cancer were randomised in a Swedish multi-institutional trial to breast conserving surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy. In 2007, 10-17 years after randomisation, the group included 422 recurrence-free women. We collected data with a study-specific questionnaire on eight pre-selected symptom groups. Results: Fox six symptom group (oedema in breast or arm, erysipelas, heart symptoms, lung symptoms, rib fractures, and decreased shoulder mobility) we found similar occurrence in both groups. Excess occurence after radiotherapy was observed for pain in the breast or in the skin, reported to occur "occasionally" by 38.1% of survivors having undergone radiotherapy and surgery versus 24.0% of those with surgery alone (absolute difference 14.1%; p = 0.004) and at least once a week by 10.3% of the radiotherapy group versus 1.7% (absolute difference 8.6%; p = 0.001). Daily life and analgesic use did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Ten to 17 years after postoperative radiotherapy 1 in 12 women had weekly pain that could be attributed to radiotherapy. The symptoms did not significantly affect daily life and thus the reduced risk for local recurrence seems to outweight the risk for long-term symptoms for most women. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Radiotherapy and Oncology 97 (2010) 281-28