304 research outputs found
Utilization of the wastes of vital activity
The recycling of wastes from the biological complex for use in life-support systems is discussed. Topics include laboratory equipment, heat treatment of waste materials, mineralization of waste products, methods for production of ammonium hydroxide and nitric acid, the extraction of sodium chloride from mineralized products, and the recovery of nutrient substances for plants from urine
Set-up for post-irradiation determination of temperature during nuclear reactor exposure with 3C-SiC
Research reactors currently rely on thermocouples for accurate temperature measurements in instrumented rigs. However, a lot of irradiations are carried out in lower cost instrumented capsules without instrumentation where thermocouples are not an option. In the latter case calculations or melt wires are used to determine the irradiation temperature. These methods do not suffice for state-of-the-art irradiations where temperature needs to be accurately known. Cubic Silicon Carbide (3C-SiC) is a potential material to use as post-irradiation (PI) temperature monitor which theoretically allows the determination of the irradiation temperature. Recent developments at Idaho National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory show the possibility to use 3C-SiC as a routine PI temperature monitor in un-instrumented capsules by observing changes in electrical resistivity after isochronal annealing. This is a challenging task as it requires accurate electrical measurements on a high-resistivity semiconductor, performed on activated samples and at high temperatures (up to 1000Β°C
The contemporary height of aeolian accumulative complex Sarykum (republic of Dagestan) and the causes of its change
The aeolian accumulative complex Sarykum is the Russia's largest and one of the highest in Eurasia sandy massif, which formed away from large deserts. It is located in the Terek-Sulak lowland at the foothill of northeastern mega-slope of the Greater Caucasus. Since the end of the 19th century until the present time the highest dune of the complex has reduced in the height more than by 16 m (since the middle of the 20th century - by 5.7 m) - from 262 to 245.8 m. According to the authors, the reduction was caused mainly by natural (first of all by climate) change in the region. So, the average annual number of moderate, strong and very strong winds had here reduced by 41% (from 1966-1986 to 1987-2015), especially at the summer (in the driest period with strongest deflation) and the winter seasons, and the average annual precipitation had increased by 25% between the same periods. The latter fact contributed to wide expansion of grass and shrub vegetation on the slopes of Sarykum and increased a deflation resistance of its sands. In addition, the strong earthquake (May 14, 1970) with the epicenter that located nearby the Sarykum could be the reason of the dune height reduction. Against the background of the natural changes, the potential role of human activities is manifested through the sand quarrying in the early 20th century and the creation of protected (reserve) status within of the Great (West) Sarykum since late 1980s
Choice of Anesthesia for Orthopedic Surgery in Elderly and Senile Patients (Review)
Management of elderly and senile patients is a major challenge due to signiο¬cant comorbidity, especially in surgery under general anesthesia.The aim of the review was to identify the optimal method of anesthesia for knee arthroplasty in elderly patients based on the available clinical and experimental studies.We searched PubMed, Medline, and Elibrary.ru databases for relevant sources. Out of more than 300 publications initially analyzed, 113 literature sources (dating from 1951 to 2021) were included in the review, of which 80 were published within the last ο¬ve years (2016β2021). The inclusion criteria were high informative value and relevance, except for sources cited as historical references. Both randomized multicenter studies and individual case reports were included in the review. Exclusion criteria were low informative value, outdated and repetitive data.We reviewed the physiology of elderly and senile patients, various variants of anesthesia, the use of neuroaxial anesthesia and peripheral regional blocks, xenon-based general anesthesia, assessed the advantages and drawbacks of each method, and discussed the monitoring of the depth of anesthesia and the issues of inraoperative awareness during knee arthroplasty in elderly and senile patients.Conclusion. The choice of anesthesia for knee arthroplasty in elderly and senile patients should be based on the risks of decompensation of cardiovascular comorbidities and cognitive impairment. No known anesthetic method is ideal in terms of safety. The use of xenon as the main anesthetic seems promising due to its cardio- and neuroprotective properties. However, its use is limited due to relatively high cost. Therefore, the search for optimal (lower than recommended) inhalation concentrations may lead to expanding use of xenon in elderly and senile patients. At the same time, the use of lower concentrations of the drug is associated with the intraoperative awakening and the need for its combination with narcotic analgesics or amnestic agents, which may not be optimal. In addition, the protective eο¬ect of xenon retrograde amnesia against the stress of unintended intraoperative awakening has not been studied, and routine methods of monitoring the depth of hypnosis when using xenon often yield skewed measurement results inconsistent with the clinical manifestations of anesthesia.Therefore, there is a need for further studies concerning the retrograde amnesic eο¬ect of xenon and search for optimal methods of assessing the depth of hypnosis when using this gas to safely reduce its inhalation concentration
On Quality of a Weld Bead Using Power Wire 35v9h3sf
The effect of introducing carbon-fluorine containing additives and nickel to flux-cored wire 35V9H3SF on its structure, micro hardness of martensite, hardness and wear rate of a welded layer has been investigated. It has been proven that carbon-fluorine additions to a powder mixture increase the hardness of the deposited layer and its wearing strength. Nickel adding increases the hardness of both martensite and the deposited layer, and reduces abrasion wear. Introducing carbon-fluorine containing additives to the powder mixture can reduce the pore formation and lower the level of impurity with nonmetallic inclusions; and nickel adding can lead to austenite having a finer grain size
Contemporary long-term trends in water discharge, suspended sediment load, and erosion intensity in river basins of the North Caucasus region, SW Russia
For the first time, contemporary trends in water discharge, suspended sediment load, and the intensity of overall erosion in the river basins of the North Caucasus region, as one of Russiaβs most agriculturally developed geographic areas, were identified. The study was carried out using monitoring data of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of the country for 21 rivers by comparing two periods: 1963-1980 and 2008-201
ΠΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ COVID-19: ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ
The COVID-19 outbreak started in December 2019 in China has spread over all countries of the world within few month acquiring a pandemic nature, the incident population counting millions. The pathogenic mechanisms of the new coronaviral infection caused by never-before-seen virus SARS-CoV2 are yet to be studied. Various drugs are used for COVID-19 treatment and guidelines are continuously revised as new experience is acquired. In the current pandemic situation, it is important to provide specialists with latest information concerning efficacy and safety drugs for COVID-19 patients and promising research in this field.The purpose of the review is to critically analyze published data on outcomes of COVID-19 treatment with various drugs including potentially promising drugs.The search has been carried out through such databases as PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, https://www.globalclinicaltrialsdata.com, https://clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Library; mostly, randomized clinical trials-2020 and papers dedicated to candidate drugs have been considered. The paper is structured based on the drugβs action mechanism and contains parts dedicated to antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial therapies. Looking for a new promising target in COVID-19 treatment, the authors focus their attention on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which abundance results in the destruction of extracellular matrix, epithelial and endothelial basal membranes and leads to secondary lung tissue injury. The paper provides a theoretic justification of MMP inhibitor use by an example of doxycycline and offers an efficacy study protocol for the new approach to COVID-19 therapy.Conclusion: as of now, there are no drugs which efficacy for COVID 19 has been proven. Drugs possessing multiple mechanisms of action are employed beside their specified indications, often in combinations; in this situation, additive side effects with adverse consequences for the patient can hardly be avoided. Administration of drugs with unproven efficacy may be justified only in clinical trials followed by subsequent analysis and publication of findings demonstrating that in case of success, recommendations for a majority of COVID-19 patients could be confidently issued.ΠΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡ COVID-19, Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΠ΅ 2019 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΠΈΡΠ°Π΅, Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ² Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ SARS-CoV2, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19 ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ COVID-19, ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° β ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19 Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ².ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π±Π°Π·Π°ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library ΠΈ Π΄Ρ., ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²-ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ COVID-19 ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Π°Ρ
(ΠΠΠ ), ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°, Π±Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² MMP Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ COVID-19.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ COVID 19 Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
, Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
Π° Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ COVID-19. ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°: COVID-19; ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°; ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·; ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ; ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²; ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡ-ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°Π·; ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ; ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π°Π»Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ; ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½; Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ; Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ; ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π°Π·Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½
The influence of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber l.) activity on the transformation and functioning of riparian phytocoenoses in the Southern Boreal Zone (European Russia)
The reintroduction of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) results in significant changes in ecosystems. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the environment-forming activity of C. fiber on the riparian phytocoenoses of the Raifa forest sector of the Volga-Kama State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Middle Volga region, European Russia) after the reintroduction
Human-Altered Soils at an Archeological Site of the Bronze Age: The Tyater-Araslanovo-Ii Settlement, Southern Cis-Ural Region, Russia
This paper presents the results of studying the soils at the archeological site of the Tyater-Araslanovo-II settlement located in the Republic of Bashkortostan, eastern European Russia. The settlement functioned in the 15thβ12th centuries BCE (the Late Bronze Age). We compared the soil properties at four sites in the study area: archeological (1), buried (2), affected by long pyrogenic exposure (3), and background site (4). In soil samples, the total carbon content, the fractional composition of humus and organic matter characteristics, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, total phosphorus, mobile phosphorus, potassium, absorbed calcium and magnesium, pH, particle size distribution, basal soil respiration, and optical density were estimated. The study results showed the anthropogenic impact on the archeological siteβs soils. The newly formed AU horizon at the archeological site (1), affected by the cattle summer camp, was richer in soil nutrients and agrochemical properties, namely, the content of exchangeable and gross forms of phosphorus, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, and exchange cations of the soil absorbing complex compared to the reference soil (4). For the pyrogenic layer (AU[hh]pyr ) from the ancient furnace (fireplace) (3), the mobile and total forms of phosphorus were several times higher than those in the reference soil (4) but inferior regarding other agrochemical parameters. Thus, the activities of ancient people (especially cattle breeding) greatly influenced the properties of the soil. Β© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This study was performed within the framework of state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation no. 075-00326-19-00 in theme no. AAA-A18-118022190102-3. This work was also supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 17-16-01030, βSoil biota dynamics in chronoseries of post-technogenic landscapes: analyses of soil-ecological effectiveness of ecosystems restorationβ, and by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program
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