24 research outputs found
The using of orthogonal basis for the steganographic coding of information in multimedia
This article discusses methods for steganographic encoding additional information using three different orthogonal bases. The bases are represented by the functions, which occupies a different bandwidth in the spectrum. There are comparison of the approach to the definition of DCT- coefficients with the approaches used in the methods of the spread spectrum and subband projections. The approaches of the coefficients of the implementation to ensure secrecy by adaptive determination of their value are considere
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² Π Π€ Π² 2013β2017 Π³Π³.
In recent decades, increasing importance in modern diagnostic algorithms is given to techniques that use optical systems, including those with the ability to examine organs in various spectral ranges and in fluorescence modes. The rapid development of modern technologies and their implementation in the field of healthcare requires constant improvement of the organization of medical care to the population. Endoscopic services in Russia began to emerge in the 70s of the 20th century. In the early stages, it was represented by independent diagnostic rooms based on large medical clinics and research centers. Over the past decades, endoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment have moved far forward. For the successful use of endoscopic technologies in clinical practice, qualified medical personnel are needed, including oncologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialists proficient in endoscopic techniques. The human potential of endoscopy was initially formed by part-timers, most often from surgeons and therapists. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the activities of specialist doctors who provide medical care in outpatient conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the activities of gastroenterologists providing outpatient medical care at the federal level and in the pilot regions of the Russian Federation. The multidirectionality of trends regarding the level of burden on gastroenterologists in the subjects of the Russian Federation is established. In all federal districts, a decrease in the number of visits per gastroenterologist and a decrease in the part-time coefficient was observed.Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Π° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² 70-Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ XX ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Π° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ-ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ, Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉβΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 1 Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°
Statistics on the work of gastroenterologists in the Russian Federation in 2013β2017
In recent decades, increasing importance in modern diagnostic algorithms is given to techniques that use optical systems, including those with the ability to examine organs in various spectral ranges and in fluorescence modes. The rapid development of modern technologies and their implementation in the field of healthcare requires constant improvement of the organization of medical care to the population. Endoscopic services in Russia began to emerge in the 70s of the 20th century. In the early stages, it was represented by independent diagnostic rooms based on large medical clinics and research centers. Over the past decades, endoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment have moved far forward. For the successful use of endoscopic technologies in clinical practice, qualified medical personnel are needed, including oncologists, gastroenterologists, and other specialists proficient in endoscopic techniques. The human potential of endoscopy was initially formed by part-timers, most often from surgeons and therapists. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the activities of specialist doctors who provide medical care in outpatient conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the activities of gastroenterologists providing outpatient medical care at the federal level and in the pilot regions of the Russian Federation. The multidirectionality of trends regarding the level of burden on gastroenterologists in the subjects of the Russian Federation is established. In all federal districts, a decrease in the number of visits per gastroenterologist and a decrease in the part-time coefficient was observed
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ£ Π€ΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ
It is a problem of a financial decentralization mechanism modelling to be considered in the paper. It introduces a methodical approach to the construction of models of financial decentralization assessment and analysis complex, that, basing on the methods of factor, canonical analysis, cluster analysis, development level method, Kohonen neural networks, panel data models, allows to create diagnostic classes of the financial decentralization level, choose an Β«etalonΒ» model of development and assess the impact of the financial decentralization level on indicators of socio-economic development of territories. The methodological approach proposed includes the following stages: classification of countries according to the level of socio-economic development and competitiveness, the formation of a comparable research base; the formation of an indicators system and diagnostic classes of the level of financial decentralization; development of models for assessing the impact of financial decentralization on socio-economic indicators of territories development. To build a set of models Statistica, R, Deductor Studio, EViews were used. The simulation results showed that a high level of financial decentralization is typical for countries with high level of economic development, where there is a high quality of the institutional environment and administrative decentralization, this leads to increase in the efficiency of the public sector operation and economic growth as consequence. Income decentralization is bounded to a stronger effect on economic growth than expenditure decentralization. The result of the strengthening of federalism aligning and tax autonomy is a slowdown in economic growth. Meanwhile, the negative effect of tax autonomy is stronger than the effect of aligning federalism. There is a gap between the growth rates of income and expenditure powers of budgets of different levels and the GDP growth rates in countries with a high level of competitiveness and socio-economic development, that reduces the level of fiscal and debt security. Therefore, a promising area of research is assessing the systemic risk of financial policy and stability of the financial system to the impact of external Β«shocksΒ»Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Π°, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ Β«ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡΒ» ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ: ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ; ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ; ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Statistica, R, Deductor Studio, EViews. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΈ Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΠΠ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Β«ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²Β».Β Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆ ΠΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Π°, ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Β«Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΒ» ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΄ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈ: ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ; ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ; ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Statistica, R, Deductor Studio, EViews. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ, Π² ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π°Π΄ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ β Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Π· Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π½ΡΠΆ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΡΠ² Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΡΠΆ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ² ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ
Π· Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ. Π’ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β«ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ²Β»
The using of orthogonal basis for the steganographic coding of information in multimedia
This article discusses methods for steganographic encoding additional information using three different orthogonal bases. The bases are represented by the functions, which occupies a different bandwidth in the spectrum. There are comparison of the approach to the definition of DCT- coefficients with the approaches used in the methods of the spread spectrum and subband projections. The approaches of the coefficients of the implementation to ensure secrecy by adaptive determination of their value are considere
Hybrid contact lenses for the correction of primary and induced ametropias
The review presents the data on the use of hybrid contact lenses (HCL), a modern method of contact correction of ametropias of diverse origins. A HCL has a central rigid optical zone made of highly gas-permeable material and a flexible peripheral part made of hydrophilic material. These lenses combine the optical effect of gas-permeable corneal lens with the comfort and stable fitting of soft contact lenses. Compared with the corneal (RGP) lenses, HCLs are more comfortable, often are better centrated and more stably fit on the eye. HCLs are successfully used in various refractive disorders: ametropias (with regular cornea), irregular astigmatism, presbyopia, including that combined with astigmatism. This type of lens is a good option of contact correction for patients who have high requirements to the quality of vision
Influence of microemulsion components on transdermal delivery of immunomodulator glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide
This paper demonstrates a chemical way of enhancing transdermal delivery using immunomodulator glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) as an example. Objective: to study in vitro the effect of various components of the microemulsion composition on GMDP diffusion through the skin from a transdermal therapeutic system (TTS). Materials and methods. Medicinal substance β glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (Peptek, Russia). Excipients and raw materials: sodium chloride, purified water, sodium dodecyl sulfate, docusate sodium, oak bark, apricot kernel oil, alpha-tocopheryl acetate and Decaglyn PR-20 emulsifier. Equipment: Heidolph DIAX 900 mechanical disperser (Germany) and Hielscher UIS250V ultrasonic homogenizer (Germany). GMDP diffusion from TTS through unpreserved rabbit skin was studied on diffusion tester Copley (UK). GMDP in aqueous solutions was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on an Agilent 1200 chromatography system (Agilent Technologies, USA). Results. A microemulsion system composed of 20% docusate sodium in an oil phase and an oak bark decoction as an aqueous phase was developed. This made it possible to increase GMDP transdermal delivery by ~70% in comparison with the basic composition. Conclusion. The characteristic parameters of microemulsion components of GMDP contained in TTS, influencing GMDP diffusion through unpreserved rabbit skin in vitro, were determined. Introducing relative indicators would be advisable in order to correctly evaluate the results of different series of in vitro experiments with biological objects
Modeling of the Enterprise Functioning Stability Using the Automatic Control Theory Apparatus
Despite a large number of diverse methods and approaches to studying the enterprise stability, forecasting of stable development in the Ukrainian economy did not yield sufficiently precise results. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to develop a complex of economic and mathematical models for estimating and analyzing the enterprise functioning stability in the dynamics, which will allow timely diagnosis of its instability and taking effective management decisions. The proposed complex of models is based on the logistic approach and the classical apparatus of the systems automatic control theory.The structural model of the enterprise was developed, which resulted in its generalized transfer function in the market environment. The generalized transfer function is the basis of the construction of a simulation model for assessing the enterprise functioning stability. This approach allowed the use of algorithmic mathematical methods β the criteria of Hurwitz and Mikhailov to study the stability of the enterprise functioning in the dynamics. According to the performance indicators of the two enterprises, practically applying the models developed in the work, the research and analysis of the stability of their functioning were carried out. As a result, the appearance of the Mikhailov's hodograph for a stable and unstable system is clearly demonstrated, and the stability margin is determined.It is important that the obtained models and results, with the appropriate adaptation, can be extrapolated to study the stability of the production and sales enterprise functioning in different economic sectors of different countries of the world. The prospect of further research is seen in the development of an information and analytical system that uses the models for assessing and analyzing the enterprise functioning stability and allows you to change the structural model quickly, adjusting it to certain features of a particular enterprise. This will allow you to determine the level of stability for any investigated system operatively