A provisional effective evaluation when errors are present in independent variables

Algorithms are examined for evaluating the parameters of a regression model when there are errors in the independent variables. The algorithms are fast and the estimates they yield are stable with respect to the correlation of errors and measurements of both the dependent variable and the independent variables

A multilevel system of algorithms for detecting and isolating signals in a background of noise

Signal information is processed with the help of algorithms, and then on the basis of such processing, a part of the information is subjected to further processing with the help of more precise algorithms. Such a system of algorithms is studied, a comparative evaluation of a series of lower level algorithms is given, and the corresponding algorithms of higher level are characterized

Steady (robust) conditionally effective estimation of parameters

The concept of conditionally-effective estimation which provides optimum estimates for a given criterion in cases of given limitations is examined. The concept has the best accuracy for given limitation on the suitability of the algorithm concerning the deviation of the law governing error distribution from the proposed law. It is concluded that there must be a greater difference between individual algorithms in terms of difficulty, and that for the linear regression problem algorithms based on excluding lost points should be studied

Algorithm and program for information processing with the filin apparatus

The reduction of spectral radiation data from space sources is described. The algorithm and program for identifying segments of information obtained from the Film telescope-spectrometer on the Salyut-4 are presented. The information segments represent suspected X-ray sources. The proposed algorithm is an algorithm of the lowest level. Following evaluation, information free of uninformative segments is subject to further processing with algorithms of a higher level. The language used is FORTRAN 4

Structural properties of hard disks in a narrow tube

Positional ordering of a two-dimensional fluid of hard disks is examined in such narrow tubes where only the nearest-neighbor interactions take place. Using the exact transfer-matrix method the transverse and longitudinal pressure components and the correlation function are determined numerically. Fluid-solid phase transition does not occur even in the widest tube, where the method just loses its exactness, but the appearance of the dramatic change in the equation of state and the longitudinal correlation function shows that the system undergoes a structural change from a fluid to a solid-like order. The pressure components show that the collisions are dominantly longitudinal at low densities, while they are transverse in the vicinity of close packing density. The transverse correlation function shows that the size of solid-like domains grows exponentially with increasing pressure and the correlation length diverges at close packing. It is managed to find an analytically solvable model by expanding the contact distance up to first order. The approximate model, which corresponds to the system of hard parallel rhombuses, behaves very similarly to the system of hard disks.Comment: Acceped in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experimen

Is diversity good?

Prominent ethical and policy issues such as affirmative action and female enrollment in science and engineering revolve around the idea that diversity is good. However, even though diversity is an ambiguous concept, a precise definition is seldom provided. We show that diversity may be construed as a factual description, a craving for symmetry, an intrinsic good, an instrumental good, a symptom, or a side effect. These acceptions differ vastly in their nature and properties. The first one cannot lead to any action and the second one is mistaken. Diversity as intrinsic good is a mere opinion, which cannot be concretely applied; moreover, the most commonly invoked forms of diversity (sexual and racial) are not intrinsically good. On the other hand, diversity as instrumental good can be evaluated empirically and can give rise to policies, but these may be very weak. Finally, symptoms and side effects are not actually about diversity. We consider the example of female enrollment in science and engineering, interpreting the various arguments found in the literature in light of this polysemy. Keywords: ethics, policy, higher education, female students, minority students, affirmative actionComment: 7 page

Comparative characteristics of the features of the metabolomal profile in patients with and without pelvic organs prolaps

The purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of the amino acid composition of blood plasma in patients with POP.Цель исследования - изучить особенности аминокислотного состава плазмы крови у пациенток с пролапсом тазовых органов

СТАТИСТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ КОНТРОЛЮ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ НАПРУГИ ПРОБОЮ ІЗОЛЯЦІЇ В ПРОЦЕСІ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ЕМАЛЬПРОВОДІВ

This paper is devoted to non- destructive technological monitoring of defects of insulation of enameled wires with poliimid polymer. The authors present a statistical method for processing, comparison and analysis of outcomes of measurements of parameters of insulation of enameled wires. A mathematical model of trend for application in active technological monitoring is developed to develop recommendations for parameters of such monitoring. It is theoretically justified and the possibility of a diminution of dependence of an error on the velocity of movement of a wire for want of quantifying defects of enameled insulation using non- destructive tests by high voltage is shown. The dependence of average value of amount of defects for enameled wires with two-sheeted poliimid insulation in a range of nominal diameter 0.56 mm is experimentally determined. The technological monitoring purpose is to reduce quantifying defects of enameled insulation.Представлено результати технологічного контролю напруги пробою ізоляції емаль проводу на основі поліімідного полімеру. Розглянуто застосування статистичного аналізу результатів вимірювання показників контролю за допомогою інтервальної статистичної моделі для використання результатів в активному технологічному контролі. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо практичного використання інтервальної статистичної моделі для визначення гарантованого рівня відносної дисперсії контрольованого параметру. Представлена кількісна оцінка відносної дисперсії δ напруги пробою U впродовж тривалого технологічного циклу. Теоретично показана і вимірюваннями підтверджена можливість надійної кількісної оцінки тенденції зміни дефектності емаль ізоляції для проводу ПЭЭИДХ2 – 200 з двохшаровою поліімідною ізоляцією номінальним діаметром 0,56 мм впродовж тривалого технологічного циклу. Визначення кількісної оцінки тенденції зміни дефектності емаль ізоляції дозволяє також виділити і кількісно оцінити випадкову похибку технологічного процесу – сумарну похибку результатів технологічного контролю, яка є кількісною характеристикою випадкової складової стабільності технологічного процесу. Застосування методів інтервальної статистики дозволяє одержувати достовірні (надійна ймовірність дорівнює одиниці) числові оцінки навіть для окремої серії невеликої кількості вимірів, до яких не ставлять вимоги ні статистичної сталості, ні взаємної незалежності.

Tweeting about sexism motivates further activism: A social identity perspective

Women, more so than men, are using social media activism to respond to sexism. However, when they do, they are also faced with gendered criticisms (\u27hashtag feminism\u27) that may instead serve to silence them. Based in social identity theory, this research examined how women\u27s social media activism, in response to sexism, may be a first step toward further activism. Two studies used a simulated Twitter paradigm to expose women to sexism and randomly assigned them to either tweet in response, or to a no-tweet control condition. Both studies found support for a serial mediation model such that tweeting after sexism strengthened social identity, which in turn increased collective action intentions, and in turn, behavioural collective actions. Study 2 further showed that validation from others increases the indirect effect of tweeting on behavioural collective action through collective action intentions, but group efficacy did not moderate any indirect effects. It was concluded that when social media activism in response to sexism promotes an enactment of women’s social identity, thereby mobilizing them to further action