Atmospheric localised corrosion of type 304 austenitic stainless steels

Atmospheric localised corrosion of stainless steel has been investigated under salt droplets containing a mixture of MgCl2 and NaCl between the deliquescence relative humidity of the two salts where there was precipitation of NaCl crystals. Dish-shaped pits and crevice-like attack could be observed. Effects of the change of relative humidity (RH) have been studied. A pit that has grown at 33% RH for 1 day will tend to repassivate when the RH is increased to 85% while pits grown at 33% RH for 3 weeks may not repassivate at 85% RH and can continue to grow when the RH is returned to 33%. A pit that has grown at 33% RH can continue to grow after 1 day at 12% RH if the RH is returned to 33%. RH fluctuations, either to low or high RH, lead to greater number of pits. Using the 1D artificial pit method, a potential sweep method was developed to investigate the repassivation process of pits in concentrated solutions, representative of atmospheric conditions. The onset of repassivation is defined as the point where there is no increase in current with an increase in potential. It has been found that repassivation takes place when the concentration of MgCl2 is lower than 3.2 M (equivalent to 64% RH) while there is no repassivation for 3.5 M and 4 M MgCl2 (equivalent to 59% RH and 50% RH respectively). A range of the repassivation potential and the critical metal ion concentration to prevent pits from repassivation was determined

Multidimensional Meaning, Existing Problems and Optimization Path for the Management of Coaches in Chinese University Basketball League

A well-managed level of competition and training by coaches is an essential catalyst for the achievement of talent development goals in the Chinese University Basketball League. This study compares the multi-dimensional meaning of the management of coaches in the Chinese College Basketball League, and analyses the existing management problems based on the SMART principle, the 4P model of human resource management, and the GROW model, to propose feasible measures to optimize the management of coaches. This research aims to provide a theoretical reference and practical basis for the improvement of the management and to provide a driving force for the realization of the long-term goal of talent training in the Chinese University Basketball League

Thoughts and Targeted Initiatives for the Nurturing of Youth Football Reserve Talents in China

In order to strengthen the foundation for the cultivation of Chinese youth football reserve talents, a systematic review of the current ideas on the development of Chinese youth football reserve talents is conducted, and based on this, a targeted response is derived from it. The study concludes that the cultivation of Chinese youth football reserve talents should be based on the country and the world in a hierarchical and directional manner, with emphasis on the integration of the excellent Chinese traditional culture at the primary school level and the absorption of outstanding foreign achievements and experience at the secondary school level, and the promotion of three types of policy tools, namely the supply side, the demand side and the environment side, to form a protective synergy for the cultivation of youth football reserve talents, so as to build an effective and long-term development strategy that will benefit the present and the future. The aim is to speed up the construction of a reserve pool of Chinese youth football talents, improve the international competitiveness and influence of Chinese football, and contribute to the early realisation of the Chinese football dream

Especificidade nacional-cultural da semântica de unidades fraseológicas, relativas ao campo semântico "ociosidade" nas línguas inglesa e russa

National-cultural specificity of semantics of phraseological units (PU), characterizing the labor activity, in the English and Russian languages, has its special and actual significance in perceiving the depths of national consciousness. This research is devoted to the identification and comparative description of the semantic field of the PU type being investigated and the image-motivational aspects of the PU meaning. The universal and unique traits in the semantics of the PU of both languages are studied, the cultural connotation is defined and described through the cultural interpretation mechanism of all the content components of the studied PU.Cultural connotation, being an interpretation of the components of the PU meaning in the categories of culture, is layered into the connotation as a linguistic concept. Each component of the PU connotation is able to provide additional information of a national cultural character. First of all, such components of the connotation are the emotive and evaluative macrocomponents of the PU semantics.La especificidad nacional-cultural de la semántica de unidades fraseológicas (PU), que caracteriza la actividad laboral, en los idiomas inglés y ruso, tiene su significado especial y real para percibir las profundidades de la conciencia nacional. Esta investigación está dedicada a la identificación y descripción comparativa del campo semántico del tipo de PU que se está investigando y los aspectos de imagen-motivación del significado de la PU. Se estudian los rasgos universales y únicos en la semántica de la PU de ambas lenguas, la connotación cultural se define y describe a través del mecanismo de interpretación cultural de todos los componentes de contenido de la PU estudiada.La connotación cultural, al ser una interpretación de los componentes del significado de la PU en las categorías de la cultura, se superpone a la connotación como un concepto lingüístico. Cada componente de la connotación PU puede proporcionar información adicional de un personaje cultural nacional. En primer lugar, tales componentes de la connotación son los macrocomponentes emotivos y evaluativos de la semántica de la PU.Especificidade nacional-cultural de semântica de unidades fraseológicos (PU), o que caracteriza o local de trabalho, em Inglês e Russo, tem seu especial real e perceber as profundezas da consciência nacional significado. Esta pesquisa dedica-se à identificação e descrição comparativa do campo semântico do tipo de UP que está sendo investigado e dos aspectos de motivação da imagem do significado de UP. As características únicas e universais na semântica da UP de ambas as línguas são estudadas, a conotação cultural é definida e descrita através do mecanismo de interpretação cultural de todos os componentes do conteúdo da UP estudada.A conotação cultural, sendo uma interpretação dos componentes do significado de UP nas categorias de cultura, é sobreposta à conotação como conceito linguístico. Cada componente da conotação PU pode fornecer informações adicionais de caráter cultural nacional. Em primeiro lugar, tais componentes da conotação são os macrocomponentes emotivos e avaliativos da semântica da PU

The Role of XPG in Processing (CAG)n/(CTG)n DNA Hairpins

BACKGROUND: During DNA replication or repair, disease-associated (CAG)n/(CTG)n expansion can result from formation of hairpin structures in the repeat tract of the newly synthesized or nicked DNA strand. Recent studies identified a nick-directed (CAG)n/(CTG)n hairpin repair (HPR) system that removes (CAG)n/(CTG)n hairpins from human cells via endonucleolytic incisions. Because the process is highly similar to the mechanism by which XPG and XPF endonucleases remove bulky DNA lesions during nucleotide excision repair, we assessed the potential role of XPG in conducting (CAG)n/(CTG)n HPR. RESULTS: To determine if the XPG endonuclease is involved in (CAG)n/(CTG)n hairpin removal, two XPG-deficient cell lines (GM16024 and AG08802) were examined for their ability to process (CAG)n/(CTG)n hairpins in vitro. We demonstrated that the GM16024 cell line processes all hairpin substrates as efficiently as HeLa cells, and that the AG08802 cell line is partially defective in HPR. Analysis of repair intermediates revealed that nuclear extracts from both XPG-deficient lines remove CAG/CTG hairpins via incisions, but the incision products are distinct from those generated in HeLa extracts. We also show that purified recombinant XPG protein greatly stimulates HPR in XPG-deficient extracts by promoting an incision 5\u27 to the hairpin. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggest that 1) human cells possess multiple pathways to remove (CAG)n/(CTG)n hairpins located in newly synthesized (or nicked) DNA strand; and 2) XPG, although not essential for (CAG)n/(CTG)n hairpin removal, stimulates HPR by facilitating a 5\u27 incision to the hairpin. This study reveals a novel role for XPG in genome-maintenance and implicates XPG in diseases caused by trinucleotide repeat expansion

Arsenic Inhibits DNA Mismatch Repair by Promoting EGFR Expression and PCNA Phosphorylation

Both genotoxic and non-genotoxic chemicals can act as carcinogens. However, while genotoxic compounds lead directly to mutations that promote unregulated cell growth, the mechanism by which non-genotoxic carcinogens lead to cellular transformation is poorly understood. Using a model non-genotoxic carcinogen, arsenic, we show here that exposure to arsenic inhibits mismatch repair (MMR) in human cells, possibly through its ability to stimulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA). HeLa cells exposed to exogenous arsenic demonstrate a dose- and time-dependent increase in the levels of EGFR and tyrosine 211-phosphorylated PCNA. Cell extracts derived from arsenic-treated HeLa cells are defective in MMR, and unphosphorylated recombinant PCNA restores normal MMR activity to these extracts. These results suggest a model in which arsenic induces expression of EGFR, which in turn phosphorylates PCNA, and phosphorylated PCNA then inhibits MMR, leading to increased susceptibility to carcinogenesis. This study suggests a putative novel mechanism of action for arsenic and other non-genotoxic carcinogens

The relationship between self-efficacy and aggressive behavior in boxers: the mediating role of self-control

P. 1-9El comportamiento agresivo ha sido uno de los temas centrales de la psicología deportiva, mientras que el comportamiento agresivo de los boxeadores ha recibido una atención limitada. Aunque algunas publicaciones informaron que la autoeficacia se relaciona con el comportamiento agresivo, el mecanismo por el cual la autoeficacia afecta el comportamiento agresivo no está claro. El presente estudio investigó la relación entre la autoeficacia y el comportamiento agresivo, así como el efecto del autocontrol como factor mediador. Este estudio utiliza la Escala de autoeficacia para atletas, el Cuestionario de autocontrol para atletas y el Cuestionario de agresión de Buss-Perry. Esta relación se explora a través de medidas auto-informadas de N = 414 boxeadores profesionales chinos, n = 243 eran hombres y n = 171 mujeres, la edad promedio fue M = 17.72 años (SD = 3.147), los participantes, el número promedio de los años de ejercicio fueron M = 3.89 años (SD = 2.734); Los resultados mostraron que los boxeadores masculinos reportaron mayor agresividad que las boxeadoras; se encontró que la autoeficacia y el autocontrol mejoraron a medida que aumentaba la edad de los participantes; A mayor nivel de competencia, mayores niveles de autoeficacia y autocontrol; La autoeficacia se relacionó negativamente con el comportamiento agresivo y se correlacionó positivamente con el autocontrol. El autocontrol también se correlacionó negativamente con el comportamiento agresivo entre los boxeadores. El autocontrol tuvo un efecto de mediación total en la relación entre la autoeficacia y el comportamiento agresivoS

Deficiency in Nrf2 transcription factor decreases adipose tissue mass and hepatic lipid accumulation in leptin‐deficient mice

Objective: To evaluate whether Nrf2 deficiency impacts insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in liver and white adipose tissue. Methods: Lepob/ob mice (OB) with targeted Nrf2 deletion (OB‐Nrf2KO) were generated. Pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes was measured in C57BL/6J, Nrf2KO, OB, and OB‐Nrf2KO mice. Hepatic lipid content, lipid clearance, and very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion were determined between OB and OB‐Nrf2KO mice. Results: OB‐Nrf2KO mice exhibited decreased white adipose tissue mass and decreased adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression compared with OB mice. Nrf2 deficiency prolonged hyperglycemia in response to glucose challenge, which was paralleled by reduced insulin‐stimulated Akt phosphorylation. In OB mice, Nrf2 deficiency decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, decreased peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ expression and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) content, and enhanced VLDL secretion. However, this observation was opposite in lean mice. Additionally, OB‐Nrf2KO mice exhibited increased plasma triglyceride content, decreased HDL‐cholesterol content, and enhanced apolipoprotein B expression, suggesting Nrf2 deficiency caused dyslipidemia in these mice. Conclusions: Nrf2 deficiency in Lepob/ob mice reduced white adipose tissue mass and prevented hepatic lipid accumulation but induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This study indicates a dual role of Nrf2 during metabolic dysregulation—increasing lipid accumulation in liver and white adipose tissue but preventing lipid accumulation in obese mice