Nitrogen doped single walled carbon nanohorns for energy storage application

Nitrogen doped single walled carbon nanohorns for energy storage applicatio

Operando Photonic Band Gap Probe of Battery Electrode Materials

Innovative new materials are consistently emerging as electrode candidates from lithium-ion battery research, promising high energy densities and high-rate capabilities. Understanding potential structural changes, morphology evolution, degradation mechanisms and side reactions during lithiation is important for designing, optimising and assessing aspiring electrode materials. In-situ and operando analysis techniques provide a means to investigate these material properties under realistic operating conditions. Here, we demonstrate an operando spectroscopic method using photonic crystal-structured electrodes that uses the optical transmission spectrum to monitor changes to the state of charge or discharge during lithiation and the change to electrode structure, in real-time. Photonic crystals possess a signature optical response, with a photonic bandgap (or stopband) presenting as a structural colour reflection from the material. We leverage the presence of this photonic stopband, alongside its intricate relationship to the electrode structure and material phase, to correlate electrode lithiation with changes to the optical spectrum during operation. In this work, we explore the optical and electrochemical behaviour of a TiO2 anode in a lithium-ion battery, structured as an inverse opal photonic crystal. In principle, the operando technique demonstrated here is versatile and applicable to a wide range of electrochemical electrode material candidates when structured with ordered porosity akin to a photonic crystal structure.Comment: 40 pages, 16 figures with Supplementary informatio

Management of simultaneous bilateral femur fractures in a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective review

Abstract: Introduction: Bilateral long bone fractures are rare and usually are associated with increased risk of complications. These fractures are usually associated with poly traumatic injuries or high impact trauma resulting in shock. Commonest etiology is road traffic accident. Closed diaphyseal fractures are best managed by intramedullary nailing; management becomes difficult if there are open fractures and late arrival. In this study we intend to present our experience of managing these patients. Materials and Methods: Medical records of all adult patients (age more than 16 years of age) admitted at Aga Khan University and Hospital with bilateral femur fractures +/- other systemic injuries 2006-2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Adult patients with complete medical records were included and patients with missing data were excluded from the study. SPSS version 19 was used for data entering and Statistical analysis. Results: We retrieved 11 cases of bilateral femur fractures. Mean age of patients was 34.5 +/- 20.9, with male predominance constituting 72.7%. Common mode of injury was fall from height and road traffic accident (RTA) 45.5% each, with the exception of one gunshot. Mean Injury Severity Score was 26.9+/-7.79. Mean Revised Trauma Score was 7.39 +/-0.62; mean Trauma Injury and Severity Score was 92.4 +/- 6.6%. 2 patients had surgical site infections and 1 had non-union. We encountered no mortality. Increase ISS is associated with increased risk of morbidity and length of hospital stay (p= 0.02

Frequency of Various Risk Factors for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Objective: To study the frequency of various factor leading to meconium aspiration syndrome. Material & Method: This present descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Department of Pediatrics Medicine Nishtar Hospital Multan. for 6 months i.e. from October 8, 2017 to April 8, 2018. The non-probability, consecutive sampling technique was used. Newborns having staining of vocal cords and respiratory distress were included in this study. ABG and X ray Chest was done in all neonates. Factors like, Post-term pregnancy, IUGR, thick meconium, low APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes were noted. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 23. Chi square and T test were used to check significant relation of risk factors with meconium aspiration syndrome. P value of 0,05 was consider significant. Results: Among total enrolled 150 babies, the mean age of babies was 37.37±18.96 hours, the male to female ratio of the babies was 1.03:1. The mean maternal age was 28.85±6.602 years. The thick meconium was observed in 89(59.33%) patients, 79(52.7%) patients went through vaginal delivery, postdate pregnancy was noted in 68(45.3%) patients, IUGR was observed in 52(34.7%) patients and poor APGAR score at 1 min was noted in 79(52.7%) patients.  Conclusion: The observations of our study revealed that Meconium aspiration syndrome has significant relation with maternal age(P value 0.000), postdated pregnancy(P Value 0.001), IUGR (P value 0.021), poor APGAR score at 5 minutes( P value 0.034), and thick meconium(P value 0.000). Keywords: Postdate, Meconium  Aspiration , Syndrome, APGAR, Pregnancy DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/62-05 Publication date: December 31st 201

Comparison Between Efficacy of Methylprednisolone and Triamcinolone in Intra Articular Injection for Osteoarthritis Pain Relief

Objective: To compare the effect of two different corticosteroid regimens methylprednisolone acetate and triamcenolone acetate in bilateral and symmetrical knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain relief. Study Design: A Randomize Control Trial. Place And Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive care and Pain Management Nishtar Hospital, Multan, Bahawal Victoria Hospital and Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1 November 2017 to 30 October 2018. Methodology: After getting ethical approval from hospital ethical committee and informed consent from patients to be included in study. Total 100 patients were enrolled in study through non probability consecutive sampling technique, and all patients were divided in two equal groups randomly using lottery method. Data was collected on pre designed Performa. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 24 for all variables, mean and SD presentation for continuous data like age and VAS score, WOMAC score and frequency percentage presentation was given for categorical data like gender. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Total 100 patients were included, in this study. The mean age and BMI of the patients was 60.33±2.61 years and 27.06±2.42 kg/m2 respectively. A significant decrease in VAS score for both knees (right and left) was observed after intra articular injection bilaterally. Measurements were done at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after injection administration (p<0.005). Conclusion: Results of our study revealed that intra articular injection is an effective mode of treatment when used for the management of osteoarthritis knee pain (p<0.005). when we compared two steroid regimens Methylprednisolone and Triamcenolone it was observed that there is no significant difference among both groups, both are equally effective. Keywords: Intra-aticular injection, Triamcenolone acetate, Methylprednisolone, Osteoarthritis. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/62-01 Publication date: December 31st 201

Evolution of 3D printing methods and materials for electrochemical energy storage

Additive manufacturing has revolutionized the building of materials, and 3D-printing has become a useful tool for complex electrode assembly for batteries and supercapacitors. The field initially grew from extrusion-based methods and quickly evolved to photopolymerization printing, while supercapacitor technologies less sensitive to solvents more often involved material jetting processes. The need to develop higher-resolution multimaterial printers is borne out in the performance data of recent 3D printed electrochemical energy storage devices. Underpinning every part of a 3D-printable battery are the printing method and the feed material. These influence material purity, printing fidelity, accuracy, complexity, and the ability to form conductive, ceramic, or solvent-stable materials. The future of 3D-printable batteries and electrochemical energy storage devices is reliant on materials and printing methods that are co-operatively informed by device design. Herein, the material and method requirements in 3D-printable batteries and supercapacitors are addressed and requirements for the future of the field are outlined by linking existing performance limitations to requirements for printable energy-storage materials, casings, and direct printing of electrodes and electrolytes. A guide to materials and printing method choice best suited for alternative-form-factor energy-storage devices to be designed and integrated into the devices they power is thus provided

Cloud Servers: Resource Optimization Using Different Energy Saving Techniques

Currently, researchers are working to contribute to the emerging fields of cloud computing, edge computing, and distributed systems. The major area of interest is to examine and understand their performance. The major globally leading companies, such as Google, Amazon, ONLIVE, Giaki, and eBay, are truly concerned about the impact of energy consumption. These cloud computing companies use huge data centers, consisting of virtual computers that are positioned worldwide and necessitate exceptionally high-power costs to preserve. The increased requirement for energy consumption in IT firms has posed many challenges for cloud computing companies pertinent to power expenses. Energy utilization is reliant upon numerous aspects, for example, the service level agreement, techniques for choosing the virtual machine, the applied optimization strategies and policies, and kinds of workload. The present paper tries to provide an answer to challenges related to energy-saving through the assistance of both dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques for gaming data centers. Also, to evaluate both the dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques compared to non-power-aware and static threshold detection techniques. The findings will facilitate service suppliers in how to encounter the quality of service and experience limitations by fulfilling the service level agreements. For this purpose, the CloudSim platform is applied for the application of a situation in which game traces are employed as a workload for analyzing the procedure. The findings evidenced that an assortment of good quality techniques can benefit gaming servers to conserve energy expenditures and sustain the best quality of service for consumers located universally. The originality of this research presents a prospect to examine which procedure performs good (for example, dynamic, static, or non-power aware). The findings validate that less energy is utilized by applying a dynamic voltage and frequency method along with fewer service level agreement violations, and better quality of service and experience, in contrast with static threshold consolidation or non-power aware technique

Energy autonomous wearable sensors for smart healthcare: a review

Energy Autonomous Wearable Sensors (EAWS) have attracted a large interest due to their potential to provide reliable measurements and continuous bioelectric signals, which help to reduce health risk factors early on, ongoing assessment for disease prevention, and maintaining optimum, lifelong health quality. This review paper presents recent developments and state-of-the-art research related to three critical elements that enable an EAWS. The first element is wearable sensors, which monitor human body physiological signals and activities. Emphasis is given on explaining different types of transduction mechanisms presented, and emerging materials and fabrication techniques. The second element is the flexible and wearable energy storage device to drive low-power electronics and the software needed for automatic detection of unstable physiological parameters. The third is the flexible and stretchable energy harvesting module to recharge batteries for continuous operation of wearable sensors. We conclude by discussing some of the technical challenges in realizing energy-autonomous wearable sensing technologies and possible solutions for overcoming them

Additive manufacturing for energy storage: Methods, designs and material selection for customizable 3D printed batteries and supercapacitors

Additive manufacturing and 3D printing in particular have the potential to revolutionize existing fabrication processes, where objects with complex structures and shapes can be built with multifunctional material systems. For electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors, 3D printing methods allows alternative form factors to be conceived based on the end use application need in mind at the design stage. Additively manufactured energy storage devices require active materials and composites that are printable, and this is influenced by performance requirements and the basic electrochemistry. The interplay between electrochemical response, stability, material type, object complexity and end use application are key to realising 3D printing for electrochemical energy storage. Here, we summarise recent advances and highlight the important role of methods, designs and material selection for energy storage devices made by 3D printing, which is general to the majority of methods in use currently

The Parables and Islamic Scriptures: An Analytical Study: Parables in the Quran

Allah the Exalted is the only Lord of all the worlds. He has sent Prophets and Messengers in all periods to guide mankind. He has also revealed Divine Scriptures to edify mankind. Several Manuscripts and Books were revealed on different Prophets. The Qur’ān is the last and final word of Allah towards humanity till the Day of Judgment. The Qur’ān teaches humanity about the Unity of Allah, the love and obedience of Prophet Muhammad PBUH, methods of worship, and many more. In the Qur’ān, different unique methods have been adopted for the purpose of guidance e.g. literary method, psychological, interrogative, method of telling a story of past times, etc. The parabolic form is one of these methods. This article analyzes the significance and details of the illustrative method. It is the convention of Allah to teach through this method. The Apostles of Allah have also adopted this method to preach the word of Allah in an easier way