Report of new invasive scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Monophlebidae) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcidae), on the islands of San Andres and Providencia, Colombia, with an updated taxonomic key to iceryine scale insects of South America

The multicicatrices fluted scale, Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae) is reported from the islands of San Andres and Providencia, Colombia, as a recent invasive species. This scale insect is polyphagous, and attacks numerous plants of economic importance such as avocado, breadfruit, mango, papaya and tropical ornamental plants. A compiled list of 95 host plant species of C. multicicatrices is given. A diagnosis of the adult female of C. multicicatrices and a revised taxonomic key to the species of the tribe Iceryini (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) known from South America is provided. The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), also is reported for the first time from the island of San Andres, where it is found commonly on Hibiscus spp. and Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. The need for the implementation of a classical biological control program in the archipelago in order to control invasive scale insect pests is discussed.Se reporta la cochinilla acanalada Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae) en la Isla de San Andrés, Colombia, como una reciente especie invasora. Este insecto escama es polífago y ataca numerosas plantas de importancia económica como el aguacate, árbol del pan, coco, mango, papaya y plantas tropicales ornamentales. Se provee una lista de 95 plantas hospederas de C. multicicatrices. Se provee una diagnosis de la hembra adulta de C. multicicatrices y se incluye una clave taxonómica revisada para las especies actualmente incluidas en la tribu Iceryini (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) de Sur América. Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) también se reporta por primera vez para la isla de San Andrés, donde se encuentra comúnmente sobre Hibiscus spp. y Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Se discute la necesidad de implementar un programa de control biológico clásico en el archipiélago para el control de insectos escama plagas invasores

Supervision of research students: three papers

The three papers were presented at a workshop for thesis supervisors on Supervising Research Students. Held on 13 March 1996 the workshop was organised jointly by the Centre for Educational Development and Academic Methods and the Graduate School. Papers: 1. Prof. Hank Nelson: A short thesis on supervision. 2. Prof P.J. Gullan: Supervision of Research Students in Biological Sciences. 3. David Atkins: Supervision: A Student Perspective

Relationships among felt scale insects (Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Eriococcidae) of southern beech, Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae), with the first descriptions of Australian species of the Nothofagus -feeding genus Madarococcus Hoy

Species of southern beech (Nothofagus) have been studied extensively because of their importance in understanding southern hemisphere biogeography. Nothofagus species support a diverse assemblage of insect herbivores, including more than 30 described species of felt scales (Eriococcidae). We reconstructed the phylogeny of the Nothofagus-feeding felt scales with nucleotide sequence data and morphology. All but one of the exclusively Nothofagus-feeding species included in the analyses were recovered as a monophyletic group. This clade comprised the genera Chilechiton Hodgson & Miller, Chilecoccus Miller & González, Intecticoccus Kondo, Madarococcus Hoy (except for M. totorae Hoy), Sisyrococcus Hoy and several species of the genus Eriococcus Targioni Tozzetti. The genera Eriococcus and Madarococcus were not recovered as monophyletic. Here we revise Madarococcus. We expand the concept of the genus, provide a key to the adult females of the 31 species of Madarococcus and, for each named species, provide revised synonymies and any new collection or taxonomic information. We recognise the genus from Australia for the first time and describe the adult females of six new Australian species: Madarococcus cunninghamii Hardy & Gullan, sp. nov.; M. meander Hardy & Gullan, sp. nov.; M. megaventris Hardy & Gullan, sp. nov.; M. moorei Hardy & Gullan, sp. nov.; M. occultus Hardy & Gullan, sp. nov., and M. osculus Hardy & Gullan, sp. nov. We also describe the first-instar nymphs of M. cunninghamii, sp. nov., M. meander, sp. nov. and M. moorei, sp. nov. We transfer 17 species into Madarococcus from Eriococcus: M. argentifagi (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. cavellii (Maskell), comb. nov.; M. chilensis (Miller & González), comb. nov.; M. detectus (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. eurythrix (Miller & González), comb. nov.; M. fagicorticis (Maskell), comb. nov.; M. hispidus (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. latilobatus (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. maskelli, (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. montifagi (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. navarinoensis (Miller & González), comb. nov.; M. nelsonensis (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. nothofagi (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. podocarpi (Hoy), comb. nov.; M. raithbyi (Maskell), comb. nov.; M. rotundus (Hoy), comb. nov. and M. rubrifagi (Hoy), comb. nov. We transfer two species from Sisyrococcus into Madarococcus: M. intermedius (Maskell), comb. nov. and M. papillosus (Hoy), comb. nov. One species, M. totarae (Maskell), is excluded from Madarococcus, but cannot at present be placed in another genus and is listed as 'M.' totarae incertae sedis. We report the first collection of an eriococcid, M. osculus, sp. nov., on the deciduous beech, Nothofagus gunnii. With respect to biogeography, the results of our phylogenetic analysis are congruent with those obtained from recent analysis of Nothofagus; Australian and New Zealand species of Madarococcus form a monophyletic group to the exclusion of the South American species, suggesting that long-distance dispersal has played an important role in shaping the distributions of both the Nothofagus-feeding felt scales and their hosts

Coccidology. The study of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)

A brief introduction to the science of coccidology, and a synopsis of the history, advances and challenges in this field of study are discussed. The changes in coccidology since the publication of the Systema Naturae by Carolus Linnaeus 250 years ago are briefly reviewed. The economic importance, the phylogenetic relationships and the application of DNA barcoding to scale insect identification are also considered in the discussion section.  

New distribution and host records for white coconut scale, \u3ci\u3eParlagena bennetti\u3c/i\u3e Williams (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

The white coconut scale, Parlagena bennetti Williams, 1969 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is reported for the first time on New Zealand flax, Phormium tenax J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), coconut, Cocos nucifera L., Manila palm, Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) H.E. Moore, oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and an oil palm hybrid OxG: E. oleifera x E. guineensis (Arecaceae) in continental Colombia, and on coconut from Venezuela. Previously, P. bennetti was known only on the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and San Andres, causing serious damage to coconut, its only known host until now. A brief characterization of P. bennetti and an updated list of 23 species of scale insects of the family Diaspididae reported worldwide on Elaeis spp. is provided. Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de la escama blanca del cocotero Parlagena bennetti Williams, 1969 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) sobre lino de Nueva Zelanda, Phormium tenax J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), palma de coco Cocos nucifera L., palma Manila Veitchia merrillii (Becc.) H.E. Moore, palma de aceite Elaeis guineensis Jacq. y un hibrido de palma de aceite OxG: E. oleifera x E. guineensis (Arecaceae) en Colombia continental y sobre cocotero en Venezuela. Hasta ahora P. bennetti solo se conocía en la isla de Trinidad y en San Andrés, en el Caribe, causando graves daños al cocotero, el único hospedero conocido hasta ahora. Se provee una breve caracterización de P. bennetti, y un listado actualizado de 23 insectos escama de la familia Diaspididae reportadas sobre Elaeis spp. en el mundo

KNOWN DISTRIBUTION AND PEST STATUS OF FLUTED SCALE INSECTS (HEMIPTERA MONOPHLEBIDAE ICERYINI) IN SOUTH AMERICA

Current information on the known distribution of all 18 species (12 species of Crypticerya Cockerell and 6 species of Icerya Signoret) of fluted scale insects (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae: Iceryini) found in South America is provided. A list of known host plants and natural enemies of these species is given and their pest status in South America is discusse

First records of the iceryine scale insects \u3ci\u3eCrypticerya brasiliensis\u3c/i\u3e (Hempel) and \u3ci\u3eCrypticerya genistae\u3c/i\u3e (Hempel) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) for Colombia

Abstract. Crypticerya brasiliensis (Hempel) and Crypticerya genistae (Hempel) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae: Iceryini) are herein reported for the fi rst time in Colombia. The above two species and Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh and Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell) are briefl y diagnosed based on the adult females. The presence of C. zeteki in Colombia is confi rmed and a key to the adult females of species of the tribe Iceryini reported in Colombia is provided. Resumen. Se reportan por primera vez a Crypticerya brasiliensis (Hempel) y Crypticerya genistae (Hempel) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae: Iceryini) en Colombia. Las dos especies arriba mencionadas junto con Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo y Unruh y Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell) se diagnostican brevemente con base en morfología de las hembras adultas. Se confi rma la presencia de C. zeteki en Colombia y se provee una clave para las hembras adultas de las especies de la tribu Iceryini registradas en Colombia

First records of two mealybug species in Brazil and new potential pests of papaya and coffee

Five mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) plant pest species: Dysmicoccus grassii (Leonardi), Ferrisia malvastra (McDaniel), Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Phenacoccus tucumanus Granara de Willink, and Pseudococcus elisae Borchsenius are recorded for the first time in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. These are the first records of D. grassii in Brazil, from papaya (Carica papaya, Caricaceae), and from coffee (Coffea canephora, Rubiaceae). Ferrisia malvastra is also newly recorded in Brazil, where it was found on Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae). Ferrisia virgata was collected from an unidentified weed and Phenacoccus tucumanus from Citrus sp. (Rutaceae). Plotococcus capixaba Kondo was found on pitanga (Eugenia cf. pitanga, Myrtaceae) and Pseudococcus elisae on Coffea canephora, which are new host records for these mealybugs

The Insects: An Outline of Entomology

This text, in its second edition, provides a comprehensive introduction to insects, a group of animals that represent over half of the planet's biological diversity. It commences with a review of the significance of insects, their immense diversity and their patterns of distribution. Australian authors. 1. The importance and diversity of insects -- 2. External anatomy -- 3. Internal anatomy and physiology -- 4. Sensory systems and behaviour -- 5. Reproduction -- 6. Insect development and life histories -- 7. Insect systematics: phylogeny and evolution -- 8. Ground-dwelling insects -- 9. Aquatic insects -- 10. Insects and plants -- 11. Insect societies -- 12. Insect predation and parasitism -- 13. Insect defence -- 14. Medical and veterinary entomology -- 15. Pest management -- 16. Methods in entomology: collecting, preservation, curation and identification