Bazı Organik Materyallerin ve Toprak Düzenleyicilerin Organik Fındık Yetiştiriciliğinde Verim ve Toprak Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışma, yöresel organik artık olan fındık zurufunun (taze ve kompost hali) organik tarımda yaygın olarak kullanılan organik ticari gübrelerin yerine kullanılma durumunu ve kullanılan miktarın azaltılıp azaltılamayacağı, verim ve bazı toprak özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2008 yılında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma, Samsun İli Ağcagüney Beldesi organik sertifikalı fındık bahçesinde Tombul fındık çeşidinde kurulmuştur. Toprak düzenleyici olarak klinoptilolit ve leonardit, organik ticari gübre (biofarm), yöresel atık olan fındık zurufunun iki farklı kullanım şekli (taze ve kompost) araştırmanın materyalini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Yapılan istatistik analiz sonucunda organik gübrelerin etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek meyve verimi fındık zurufu (taze) ve organik ticari gübrenin (Biofarm) tek başına uygulandığı parsellerden belirlenmiştir. Hasat sonrası 0-20 cm derinlikten alınan toprak örneklerinde bazı toprak özellikleri incelenmiştir

Hiccup Due to Aripiprazole Plus Methylphenidate Treatment in an Adolescent with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder: A Case Report

Our case had hiccups arising in an adolescent with the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) after adding aripiprazole treatment to extended-release methylphenidate. Actually, antipsychotics are also used in the treatment of hiccups, but studies suggest that they can cause hiccups as well. Within 12 hours of taking 2.5 mg aripiprazole added to extended-release methylphenidate at a dose of 54 mg/day, 16-year-old boy began having hiccups in the morning, which lasted after 3-4 hours. As a result, aripiprazole was discontinued and methylphenidate was continued alone because we could not convince the patient to use another additional drug due to this side effect. Subsequently, when his behavior got worsened day by day, his mother administered aripiprazole alone again at the dose of 2.5 mg/day at the weekend and continued treatment because hiccup did not occur again. But when it was administered with methylphenidate on Monday, hiccup started again next morning and lasted one hour at this time. In conclusion, we concluded that concurrent use of methylphenidate and aripiprazole in this adolescent led to hiccups

Migraine and frontostriatal circuit disorders: What have we learned until now?

Even though there is a recognized association, the causation between chronic migraine (CM) and frontostriatal circuit (FSC) disorders that were commonly presented as anxiety disorders, depression, tic disorders, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders in routine headache outpatient is yet to be fully disclosed. Medication-overuse headache (MOH) and CM recognizedly affect complex neural systems, including the FSC. Referenced circuits constitute a part of a circle that consists of the cortex, striatum, and thalamus regions and they transmit the data from the cerebral cortex to the subcortex. The above-mentioned circles end up once again in the determined region of the cerebral cortex. Five different FSCs have been described above which circulate among the specific parts of the cortex, namely supplementary motor area, frontal eye fields, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex with various subconnections and serve to various functions. Based on the scientific data with an emphasis on the clinical perspective, this paper aims to show the potential causative relationship between common FSC disorders and CM with or without MOH. The results also highlighted the importance of psychiatric comorbidities, as being far from a coincidence, and promoted the application of preventive medicine and interventions including lifestyle changes, cognitive-behavioral treatment, and neuromodulation. Integrative and multidisciplinary management strategies are essential for a comprehensive migraine coping approach in the society

Dystonia in an Adolescent on Risperidone Following the Discontinuation of Methylphenidate: A Case Report

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with common comorbidities that include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, and affective disorders. Because of these comorbidities, drug combination treatments and drug drug interactions are becoming increasingly more frequent. The present case report describes an acute dystonic reaction following the abrupt discontinuation of methylphenidate from a drug regimen with risperidone. The patient experienced acute dystonic reactions on three separate occasions when he forgot to take his methylphenidate medication. The present report informs clinicians about the possible side effects, such as dystonia, when psychostimulant and antipsychotic drug combinations are altered and suggests that the abrupt cessation of stimulants may lead to the development of movement disorders, Therefore, appropriate care is necessary when changing the dose of a drug or abruptly discontinuing a drug from a combination of psychostimulants and antipsychotics

Abused-Abuser Dilemma in Sexual Abuse and Forensic Evaluation: a Case Report

The factors such as having family problems, growing up in a disintegrated family, having parents with personality disorders, expressing physical and mental deficiencies, history of alcohol and substance abuse, previous history of sexual abuse, and lack of social support may increase the risk of being exposed to sexual abuse. According to the previous studies about one-third of children who are subjected to abuse may become abusers in the future. In such a condition, a dilemma of abuse-abuser has been experienced. Importantly, additional medical mistakes and lack of experience in such cases make legal evaluation processes more complex. In this case report, we discussed a pediatric patient who was abused by a babysitter with a history of abuse in her adolescence. Early recognition of sexual abuse, treatment of developing psychiatric disorders, and a follow-up program are necessary to minimize the vicious cycle of abused-abuser

Voriconazole Induced Bradycardia

Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal drug that is used to treat invasive fungal infections, especially aspergillus. Here, we report two children who had severe bradycardia associated with voriconazole at a dose of 12 mg/kg per day. Bradycardia resolved in 24 hours in both after decreasing the dose to 10 mg/kg per day. Heart rates were in normal limits on follow-up. Bradycardia may be a side effect of voriconazole treatment in children under immunosuppressive treatment. Heart rate should be monitored in patients receiving voriconazole and other triazole treatments

Persistent hiccups due to aripiprazole in an adolescent with obsessive compulsive disorder responding to dose reduction and rechallenge

Our case involves persistent hiccup arising in an adolescent with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who was using aripiprazole as an augmentation to fluoxetine and whose hiccups remitted with dose reduction and rechallenge. Treatment suggested that aripiprazole might lead to hiccups. Antipsychotics are also used for the treatment of hiccups, but recent case reports suggest that they cause hiccups as well. Within 12 h of taking 5mg aripiprazole, the 13-year-old girl began having continuous hiccups, which lasted for 3-4 h. The hiccups resolved when the dose of aripiprazole was reduced to 2.5 mg. To achieve augmentation, aripiprazole was replaced with risperidone 0.5 mg/day for 1 month, but excess sedation was observed. As a result, aripiprazole was restarted at a dose of 2.5 mg/ day, and 1 week later, it was increased to 5 mg/every other day. No hiccups were observed

Cutaneous allergic reaction due to alprazolam in a child

Cutaneous allergic reactions due to drug intake may be triggered by many types of drugs such as atropine, anticonvulsants and benzodiazepines. But allergic reactions due to benzodiazepines are extremely rare. Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine which may be useful for refractory idiopathic urticaria due to antihistaminergic effect. Although antihistaminergic effect of alprazolam, a cold urticaria case and an angioedema case induced by alprazolam are known in the literature. In the case, we present a child suffering from cutaneous allergic reaction due to alprazolam at the first dose taken

Achalasia as a complication of bulimia nervosa: A case report

Objective: Oesophageal achalasia is a medical condition characterised by oesophageal aperistalsis, an increased resting pressure with partial or incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder manifested by binge eating attacks followed by recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviours, such as self-induced vomiting and excessive exercise. Dysphagia, regurgitation, vomiting, retrosternal pain, heartburn, weight loss, avoidance of eating, consumption of large amount of liquids and aberrant eating behaviours are symptoms of both achalasia and BN. Owing to these common signs and symptoms, oesophageal achalasia can be misdiagnosed as an eating disorder. In addition, oesophageal achalasia can occur as a complication of BN. It is often difficult to distinguish organic and psychological vomiting or comorbidity because of overlapping of the symptoms. Case report: We report the case of a patient who developed oesophageal achalasia following severe, repetitive vomiting as a complication of BN. Conclusion: We want to raise awareness regarding the development of a medical illness in the presence of a psychiatric disorder. Importantly, physicians should have a fundamental knowledge of these two diseases regarding their clinical patterns to differentially diagnose one or both disorders as quickly as possible