Approximation of functions of two variables by certain linear positive operators

We introduce certain linear positive operators and study some approximation properties of these operators in the space of functions, continuous on a compact set, of two variables. We also find the order of this approximation by using modulus of continuity. Moreover we define an $r$th order generalization of these operators and observe its approximation properties. Furthermore, we study the convergence of the linear positive operators in a weighted space of functions of two variables and find the rate of this convergence using weighted modulus of continuity.Comment: 13 page

Sickle cell disease, part 1: understanding the condition.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common genetic blood disorders in the world and affects 12, 500 individuals in the UK. This article looks at the definition of SCD, symptoms and treatments and practical tips to prevent sickle cell crises

Counterterrorism and Human Rights: A Comparative Analysis of United States and European Laws, and Suggestions for Turkish Law Reform

This dissertation examines whether Turkish law could be amended in order to address the concerns of counterterrorism officials without unnecessarily infringing on individual rights. It differs from other research conducted on counterterrorism law in a number of ways. First, it provides general information on the concept of terrorism and the history and evolution of terrorism in Turkey. It further compares terrorism in Turkey with Europe and the United States. Second, it compares relevant counterterrorism laws of the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Turkey. Third, it shows the approaches of the European and United States highest courts to shared counterterrorism law issues. Fourth, it incorporates interviews with counterterrorism officials in Turkey in the course of its analysis in each chapter, for more concrete legal assessment involving the needs of Turkish counterterrorism practice. This study suggests three amendments to Turkish law provided that Turkey strengthens its commitment to the rule of law. First, preventive detention on future dangerousness grounds (in the pre-trial and post-sentence stages) may be enacted in Turkey. Second, a public safety exception to the right to counsel and the right to be informed of procedural rights during police interrogation should be created. Further, defense counsel who are engaged in representing others in the same terrorist organization or who aim to obstruct justice in certain ways should be excluded from police interrogation via a magistrate court order. Third, a specialized counterterrorism court system, which involves judges and prosecutors with comprehensive knowledge and expertise on Turkey’s national security priorities and the characteristics of terrorist organizations, may ensure more effective counterterrorism while preventing unnecessary human rights intrusions and sentencing disparities

Avrupa Tipi Satış Opsiyonu Modeli için Nümerik bir Değerlendirme

The Black-Scholes equations have been increasingly popular over the last three decades since they provide more practical information for optional behaviours. Therefore, effective methods have been needed to analyse these models. This study will mainly focus on investigating the behaviour of the Black-Scholes equation for the European put option pricing model. To achieve this, numerical solutions of the Black-Scholes European option pricing model are produced by three combined methods. Spatial discretization of the Black-Scholes model is performed using a fourth-order finite difference (FD4) scheme that allows a highly accurate approximation of the solutions. For the time discretization, three numerical techniques are proposed: a strong-stability preserving Runge Kutta (SSPRK3), a fourth-order Runge Kutta (RK4) and a one-step method. The results produced by the combined methods have been compared with available literature and the exact solution. It has seen that the results with minimal computational effort are sufficiently accurate.Black-Scholes denklemleri opsiyon davranışlarında pratik bilgiler sağladığından son otuz yılda daha popüler hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu modelleri analiz etmek için etkili yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışma temel olarak Avrupa tipi satış opsiyonu fiyatlama modeli için Black-Scholes denkleminin davranışını araştırmaya odaklanmıştır. Bunun için, Black-Scholes Avrupa tipi opsiyon fiyatlama modelinin sayısal çözümleri üç birleştirilmiş yöntem ile üretilmiştir. Black-Scholes modelinin uzaysal ayrıklaştırması, çözümlerin yüksek hassasiyetli yaklaşımlarına izin veren dördüncü mertebeden bir sonlu fark (FD4) şeması kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Zaman ayrıklaştırması için üç sayısal teknik kullanılmıştır: Kuvvetli kararlılık koruyan RungeKutta (SSPRK3), dördüncü mertebe Runge Kutta (RK4) ve tek adımlı bir yöntem. Birleştirilmiş yöntemlerle üretilen sonuçlar literatürde mevcut olan çözüm ve tam çözüm ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçların minimum hesaplama çabasıyla yeterince hassas olduğu görülmüştür

NANOPARTICLE AS SUPRAMOLECULAR PLATFORM FOR DELIVERY AND BIOORTHOGONAL CATALYSIS

Nanoparticles (NPs) are being investigated widely for many applications including imaging, drug delivery, therapeutics, materials, and catalysis due to their unique and tunable physical and chemical properties. Among NPs, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted great attention due to ease of synthesis and surface functionalization, inertness of the core, biocompatibility, and functional versatility. Introducing supramolecular chemistry into the nanoparticle-based platforms brings out controllable properties, dynamic self assembly processes, and adjustable performance. My research has focused on the synthesis of AuNPs bearing different surface functionalities and their host-guest interactions with synthetic small molecules or commercially available hydrophobic catalysts for delivery and therapeutic applications. My research is consisted of two main sections. First part is the regulation of the exocytosis of AuNPs using host-guest interactions and characterization of these interactions in solution using isothermal titration calorimetry and inside cells using laser desorption/ionization/matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Second part is about encapsulating various hydrophobic transition metal catalysts into the monolayer of AuNPs. These catalyst-embedded AuNPs were used to catalyze industrially important reactions in aqueous environment. For biological applications, this system was called as ‘nanozyme’ because it was used as an enzyme mimic to perform bioorthogonal activation of profluorophores and prodrugs for imaging and therapeutic applications, respectively. Using the host-guest chemistry, intracellular catalysis was supramolecularly regulated. Lastly, different monolayer designs were engineered to increase the catalyst loading and improve catalytic efficiency

Stock Index Futures Trading and Volatility in International Equity Markets

We examine stock market volatility before and after the introduction of equity index futures trading in twenty-five countries using various models that account for asynchronous data, conditional heteroskedasticity, asymmetric volatility responses, and the joint dynamics of each country\u27s index with the world market portfolio. We find that futures trading is related to an increase in conditional volatility in the United States and Japan, but in nearly every other country, we find either no significant effect, or volatility-dampening effect. This result appears to be robust to model specification, and is corroborated by further analysis of the relationship between volatility, trading volume and open itnerest in stock index futures. We also document an increase in conditional covariance between country-specific and world returns at the time of futures listing

Cognitive analysis of the (Bingol Anti Terror Police Department) BATPD Buddy Program

Buddy programs help newcomers to smooth transition. The programs also try to increase the performance of the new personnel, give them a moral support and provide a proper atmosphere. This study aims to figure out the deficiencies of the buddy program implemented in Bingol Anti-Terror Police Department (BATPD) and try to develop effective solutions for the program’s shortages. Thus, the newcomers are able to adapt to the organization in the fastest way without losing time and energy. In this study, the researcher applied observations and interviews to measure the effectiveness of the program. The participants were selected all of the newcomers who joined the organization in 2012. Data collection process took almost 12 months. According to results of the research, insufficient physical conditions of the unit, multitasking character of the personnel, and incompetent buddies are three reasons that hinder the program from being more successful. Training programs for buddies, focusing on one task at the one time, and more comfortable designed atmosphere in the organization are potential solutions for a better program

Renal in-patient ward nurse experience and job satisfaction: A qualitative study

Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the experience of registered nurses working in renal inpatients wards at an acute National Health Service (NHS) hospital Trust. Nurse perceptions of their experience particularly in relation to job satisfaction was analysed. Background: Increased understanding of workplace organisation and culture can contribute to improved nurse work experience and better patient care. Worldwide many studies conducted on nurse experience and job satisfaction show that job satisfaction level varies across work settings so analysis of job satisfaction at a local level such as in a ward is important for producing useful analysis and recommendations Method: Using purposive sampling, semi structured individual interviews were conducted on twelve registered nurses working on renal inpatient wards. Results: The study identified three themes: safe care, organisational culture and work environment. Although staffing was identified as a key element to providing safe care maintaining adequate staffing levels remained a challenge. Whilst there were opportunities for professional development more support is needed for newly qualified nurses. Conclusions: Findings highlighted that renal patients were complex. It is important to maintain adequate staffing levels. Good clinical leadership is required to support and develop the positive experience of nurses. Relevance to clinical practice: The high turnover of newly qualified nurses is a particular problem and nurse managers need to develop strategies to retain such nurses. Regular audits on staffing levels as part of improving workforce planning and patient safety need to be conducted