Bile reflux index after therapeutic biliary procedures

Research articl

Does the New Proposal for Prostate Cancer Grading Correlate With CAPRA Score?

Purpose: To determine if there is a correlation between the newly proposed Gleason grading system by the International Society of Urological Pathology and the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score

Primary Large-Cell Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Ureter

Objective: To report the first case in the literature of a primary large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma (LCUC) of the ureter with a very aggressive behavior and dismal prognosis. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 60-year-old woman with a history of intermittent macroscopic hematuria and mild to moderate right flank pain was admitted to the Department of Urology. Tissue biopsies and cytological samples were taken. Pathologic examination was consistent with LCUC. Conclusion: LCUC of the ureter is an aggressive tumor with a high proliferation index. Patients might be diagnosed at an advanced stage. LCUC must be considered in the differential diagnosis of urinary tract pathologies. (C) 2019 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Base

Relationship between immunohistochemical staining extent of CD47 and histopathologic features of bladder tumor

WOS: 000418412900003PubMed ID: 29410884Introduction It has been shown that CD47 is an important diagnostic and prognostic marker in many cancer types. However, the relationship between CD47 and bladder tumor stage has not been shown in previous studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the association of CD47 with stages of bladder cancer. Material and methods Surgical specimens of 175 patients were included in the study. The CD47 staining assessment was performed in the following categories; none, focal, moderate and diffuse. The statistics of the study were tested using t-test and analysis of variance. Results We demonstrated much less CD47 staining extent in Ta tumor pathology compared to T1 and T1+T2+T3+T4 tumor pathology (p = 0.034 and p = 0.016, respectively). We also showed that the average value of CD47 staining extent with CIS+ was significantly higher compared to CIS-among NMIBC p = 0.0248). However, no significant differences in CD47 staining pattern were observed in the following study groups: high vs. low-grade tumors in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); MIBC (T2-T4) vs. NMIBC; lymph node involvement (N1-N3) vs. non- lymph node involvement (N0) in MIBC (T2-T4). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that CD47 might have a critical role in the progression of Ta to T1 stage. Furthermore, we showed that CD47 is highly expressed in CIS+ NMIBC compared to CIS-NMIBC. Thus, differentiating stages with the help of this new potential marker may help clinicians treat bladder tumors better. Future studies to determine the role of CD47 on pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis of bladder tumor are warranted

Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Cecum and the Ascending Colon: Surgical Resection as a Treatment Modality

Colonic solitary plasmacytoma is a rare disease, with few reports occurring in the literature. Solitary plasmacytoma is defined as a plasma cell tumour with no evidence of bone marrow infiltration. Plasmacytoma can present as a solitary tumour in bone or in other parts of the body. The gastrointestinal tract is rarely the site of the disease. We report on the case of a 51-year-old man presenting with a colonic symptomatic mass with unclear biopsy results. A resected specimen showed a solitary plasmacytoma. Surgical resection was an adequate treatment modality in this case. Endoscopic resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are also preferred treatments in selected gastrointestinal plasmacytoma cases

The role of the PLR–NLR combination in the prediction of the presence of Helicobacter pylori and its associated complications

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)–neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) combination, in the prediction of the presence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and its associated complications in the gastrointestinal system. Patients and Methods: In all, 1289 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy for HP were included in the study. Results: The ratio of patients with moderate and severe chronic gastritis was higher in HP (+) group than HP (−) group. The ratio of patients with levels 1–3 atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was higher in HP (+) group. Compared with HP (−) group, HP (+) had higher PLR and NLR levels. The ratio of HP (+) patients was higher in high-risk group compared with low- and medium-risk groups. HP invasion stage, the intestinal metaplasia level, and the ratio of patients with atrophy level “3” were higher in high-risk group compared with low- and medium-risk groups. Regression analysis showed that the PLR–NLR combination was an independent risk factor for both HP presence and moderate and severe chronic gastritis. Conclusion: We found the PLR–NLR combination to be a good predictor of HP presence and gastrointestinal complications associated with HP

Surgical and Histopathological Effects of Topical Ankaferd (R) Hemostat on Major Arterial Vessel Injury Related to Elevated Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the surgical and histopathological hemostatic effects of topical Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) on major arterial vessel injury related to elevated intra-arterial blood pressure in an experimental rabbit model. Materials and Methods: The study included 14 New Zealand rabbits. ABS was used to treat femoral artery puncture on 1 side in each animal and the other untreated side served as the control. Likewise, for abdominal aortic puncture, only 50% of the aortic injuries received topical liquid ABS and the others did not (control). The experiment was performed under conditions of normal arterial blood pressure and was repeated with a 50% increase in blood pressure. Histopathological analysis was performed in all of the studied animals. Results: Mean bleeding time in the control femoral arteries was 105.0 +/- 18.3 s, versus 51.4 +/- 9.8 s (p<0.05) in those treated with ABS. Mean blood loss from the punctured control femoral arteries was 5.0 +/- 1.5 mg and 1.6 +/- 0.4 mg from those treated with ABS (p<0.05). Histopathological examination of the damaged arterial structures showed that ABS induced red blood cell aggregates. Conclusion: ABS administered to experimental major arterial vessel injury reduced both bleeding time and blood loss under conditions of normal and elevated intra-arterial blood pressure. ABS-induced erythroid aggregation was prominent at the vascular tissue level. These findings will inform the design of future experimental and clinical studies on the anti-bleeding and vascular repairing effects of the novel hemostatic agent ABS. (Turk J Hematol 2011; 28: 206-12)WoSScopu

Levosimendan effect on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury following aortic clamping

Background and aim of the study: The new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, not only acts as a positive inotropic agent but also, vasodilates both venules and arterioles. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether levosimendan has protective effects on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Material and Methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were enrolled in this study. In addition to the control group, levosimendan is administered to the experimental group with a loading dose of 12 mu g/kg prior to ischemia over a 10-minute period, followed by an infusion of 0.2 mu g/kg/min during the ischemia period (30-minutes). Following the neurologic evaluation at the 24th hour of reperfusion, lumbar spinal cords were removed in order to perform microscopic examination and malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurements. Results: The mean Tarlov score of the levosimendan group (3.25) was higher than the control group (0.7) (p< 0.05). MDA level was found significantly lower in the levosimendan group when compared with the control group as 1.6 +/- 0.4 nmol/gr and 189.3 +/- 43.6 nmol/gr respectively (p < 0.05). MPO level was also found statistically significant when we compared levosimendan group with the control group. It was calculated as 11.3 +/- 1.0 mu/gr tissue and 39.1 +/- 16.9 mu/gr in the levosimendan and the control groups (p< 0.05). Light microscopic examination was carried out with tissue samples in the 24th hour of the reperfusion. Levosimendan group had better preservation with the microscopic appearance with respect to the control group. Conclusion: Levosimendan exhibits an important protection by means of neurological outcome, histopathological, and biochemical analysis for the ischemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord following the aortic clamping

Effect of Intraoperative PEEP Application on Colonic Anastomoses Healing: An Experimental Animal Study

This study aimed to assess the effect of intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) intervention on the healing of colonic anastomoses in rabbits. A total of 32 New Zealand type male rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 16 animals each. Following ventilation with tracheostomy, colonic resection and anastomosis were performed in both groups. Although 10 cm of H2O PEEP level was applied in group 1 (PEEP), group 2 {[}zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP)] was ventilated without PEEP throughout the surgery. Half of both the PEEP and ZEEP group animals were killed on the third postoperative day, whereas the remaining half were killed on the seventh. Anastomotic bursting pressures, the tissue concentrations in hydroxyproline, and histologic assessments were performed. Intraoperative oxygen saturation and postoperative arterial blood gas parameters were also compared. On the first postoperative day, both arterial oxygen tension (PO2) and oxygen saturation (SO2) in the PEEP group were significantly higher than in the ZEEP group. On the seventh postoperative day, the bursting pressures of the anastomoses were significantly higher in the PEEP group; however, the hydroxyproline content was significantly lower in the PEEP group than in the ZEEP group. At day 7, the PEEP group was significantly associated with increased neoangiogenesis compared with the ZEEP group. The anastomotic healing process is positively influenced by the intraoperative PEEP application