Coaxial circular jet flows with conical attachments

This study is devoted to experiments on jet flows, which have many application areas. It shows the obtained jet flow structure. The experiments were carried out in a subsonic sucking wind tunnel having cross-section of 32×32 cm², length of 75 cm, and turbulence densities of 0.5%. One-channel hot-wire anemometer (HWA) was used in measurements. For circular jet, a steel pipe was used with a length of 120 cm and a diameter of 8 mm. Air generator was used for generating air into the jet flow and measurements were done at different jet flow velocities. Moreover, a conical diffuser with a length of 21 cm and 6° slope was attached to the nozzle exit and effect of this diffuser on jet flow was examined. Seven types of measurement in three different categories were carried out. In experimental studies, velocity and turbulence distribution, axial velocity variation, jet half widths and, using these, jet diffusion rates and angles were measured. Moreover, flow analyses were done by drawing moment and frequency distribution for measurement sensitivity. These experimental results were compared with the studies on jet flow

An experimental and numerical study of fluidized bed drying of hazelnuts

The fluidized bed drying of hazelnuts was performed and a laboratory scaled fluidized bed was constructed to obtain experimental data. A mathematical model for the simulation of simultaneous unsteady heat and mass transfer in fluidized bed drying of large particles was performed. Solution of the equation set was carried out by using Crank-Nicholson implicit method within finite volume frame work. A good agreement between the numerical and the experimental results was observed. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Comparison of seed germination and recovery responses of a salt marsh Halophyte halopeplis perfoliata to osmotic and ionic treatments

Salinity affects seed germination of halophytes by inducing ionic toxicity, osmotic constraint or both. Information about the effects of salinity on seed germination of a large number of halophytes exists, but generally little is known about the basis of salinity-induced germination inhibition. In order to partition salinity effects, we studied seed germination and recovery responses of a coastal salt marsh halophyte Halopeplis perfoliata to different isotonic treatments (?S: -0.5, -1.0, - 1.5, -2.0 and -2.5, MPa) of various salts and polythylene glycol (PEG) under two light regimes (12-h light photoperiod and 24-h complete darkness). Highest seed germination was observed in distilled water under 12-h light photoperiod and reduction in osmotic potential of the solution decreased seed germination. However, some seeds of H. perfoliata could germinate in as low as -2.5 MPa (~600 mM NaCl), which is equivalent to seawater salinity. Sea-salt treatment was more inhibitory than isotonic NaCl at the lowest osmotic potential (?S -2.5 MPa). Generally, chloride salts with lowest ?S inhibited germination more than the isotonic sulfate salts. Comparable germination responses of the seeds in NaCl and isotonic PEG treatments as well as high recovery of germination in un-germinated seeds after alleviation of NaCl salinity indicated prevalence of osmotic constraint. These results thus indicate that the seeds of H. perfoliata could tolerate high levels of a wide variety of salts found in soil. 2016, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved.Scopu

High Energy Physics Opportunities Using Reactor Antineutrinos

Nuclear reactors are uniquely powerful, abundant, and flavor-pure sources of antineutrinos that continue to play a vital role in the US neutrino physics program. The US reactor antineutrino physics community is a diverse interest group encompassing many detection technologies and many particle physics topics, including Standard Model and short-baseline oscillations, BSM physics searches, and reactor flux and spectrum modeling. The community's aims offer strong complimentary with numerous aspects of the wider US neutrino program and have direct relevance to most of the topical sub-groups composing the Snowmass 2021 Neutrino Frontier. Reactor neutrino experiments also have a direct societal impact and have become a strong workforce and technology development pipeline for DOE National Laboratories and universities. This white paper, prepared as a submission to the Snowmass 2021 community organizing exercise, will survey the state of the reactor antineutrino physics field and summarize the ways in which current and future reactor antineutrino experiments can play a critical role in advancing the field of particle physics in the next decade

High Energy Physics Opportunities Using Reactor Antineutrinos

Nuclear reactors are uniquely powerful, abundant, and flavor-pure sources of antineutrinos that continue to play a vital role in the US neutrino physics program. The US reactor antineutrino physics community is a diverse interest group encompassing many detection technologies and many particle physics topics, including Standard Model and short-baseline oscillations, BSM physics searches, and reactor flux and spectrum modeling. The community's aims offer strong complimentary with numerous aspects of the wider US neutrino program and have direct relevance to most of the topical sub-groups composing the Snowmass 2021 Neutrino Frontier. Reactor neutrino experiments also have a direct societal impact and have become a strong workforce and technology development pipeline for DOE National Laboratories and universities. This white paper, prepared as a submission to the Snowmass 2021 community organizing exercise, will survey the state of the reactor antineutrino physics field and summarize the ways in which current and future reactor antineutrino experiments can play a critical role in advancing the field of particle physics in the next decade