Holographic Sensors for the Detection of Liquid Phase Analytes

The aim of this project is to design, fabricate and study experimentally photonic structures created by holographic lithography for application in sensing. The aim is to modify the photonic structures with analyte sensitive materials and view of their application in environmental and biomedical sensing. Two types of photonic structures were investigated in these studies: modified surface relief holographic gratings and volume holographic gratings

A comparison of cephalometric analyses for assessing sagittal jaw relationship

OBJECTIVE: To compare the seven methods of cephalometric analysis for assessing sagittal jaw relationship and to determine the level of agreement between them. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Dental Section, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January to December 2004. METHODOLOGY: Seven methods, describing anteroposterior jaw relationships (A-B plane, ANB, Wits, AXB, AF-BF, FABA and Beta angle) were measured on the lateral cephalographs of 85 patients. Correlation analysis, using Cramer\u27s V-test, was performed to determine the possible agreement between the pair of analyses. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample, comprising 35 males and 50 females was 15 years and 3 months. Statistically significant relationships were found among seven sagittal parameters with p-value \u3c 0.001. Very strong correlation was found between AXB and AF-BF distance (r=0.924); and weak correlation between ANB and Beta angle (r=0.377). Wits appraisal showed the greatest coefficient of variability. CONCLUSION: Despite varying strengths of association, statistically significant correlations were found among seven methods for assessing sagittal jaw relationship. FABA and A-B plane may be used to predict the skeletal class in addition to the established ANB angle

Pattern of malocclusion in orthodontic patients: a hospital based study

BACKGROUND: Dental malocclusion is present in all societies but its prevalence varies. Identifying occlusal problems, their incidence and the need for treatment can help to determine the appropriate treatment plan and manpower needed in orthodontics. The aim of the study was to analyze the malocclusion pattern and to provide quantitative information on the pattern of dentofacial characteristics among orthodontic population.METHODS: Varying dentofacial characteristics of 156 patients from June 2002 to April 2004, at the orthodontic unit of the Aga Khan University Hospital were analyzed. Cross tabulations of dentofacial characteristics with Angle\u27s classes were evaluated using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Chi-square test was used to find the association and Cramer\u27s V for correlation between the skeletal and Angle\u27s classes.RESULTS: Mean age of the sample was 14 years & two months (SD +/- 4.59) with majority 98 (62.8%) were females. The chief complaints in majority of the patients were \u27upper front teeth forward\u27 and \u27malaligned teeth\u27. Angle\u27s Class II (70.5%) and incisor Class II Division 1 (64.7%) were the typical features of the sample. There was an increased overjet in 75% of subjects as a major occlusal finding. No statistically significant differences were found in distribution of Angle\u27s classes and dentofacial characteristics between males and females. Statistically significant association between skeletal and Angle\u27s classes (p \u3c 0.01) was found.CONCLUSION: The results give a detailed pattern of malocclusion in orthodontic patients and may provide a base line data for planning orthodontic services. There is a strong need of epidemiological survey to find out the prevalence of malocclusion in Pakistani population

Faculty and Student Perceptions on Shared Teaching Materials for Advanced Manufacturing (STAM): Building Momentum Through Workshops

In this paper, we summarize the outcomes of the two workshops aimed at speeding up the transition of research-based advanced manufacturing knowledge into course curriculum for technology and engineering programs. Advanced manufacturing technologies have opened up the realm for new products that only a decade ago were considered unproducible. For example metals 3D Printing has almost no geometric limitations, which allows engineers to develop mesh–based products. Unfortunately, the educational system that serves to educate the majority of manufacturing technicians and engineers still utilizes many of the same curriculum resources for these emerging areas (textbooks, traditional lectures, etc.), frequently creating an unsuitable or inappropriate learning environment for state-of-the-science technician and engineering training. This is especially true for the development of manufacturing materials and laboratories to maintain currency in advanced manufacturing. With funding from NSF, two workshops were conducted that generated great enthusiasm for the concept of a teaching repository for advanced manufacturing technology. More than 50 advanced manufacturing instructors have attended the workshops, and a community of instructors has been created. Results from faculty and student perceptions on shared teaching materials for advanced manufacturing are also shared

The Design and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Some 1-Aryl-3- isopropylamino-1-propanone Hydrochlorides towards Human Huh-7 Hepatoma Cells

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A series of 1-aryl-3-isopropylamino-1-propanone hydrochlorides 1 and a related heterocyclic analog 2 as candidate antineoplastic agents were prepared and the rationale for designing these compounds is presented. A specific objective in this study is the discovery of novel compounds possessing growth-inhibiting properties of hepatoma cells. The compounds in series 1 and 2 were prepared and their structures established unequivocally. X-ray crystallography of two representative compounds 1d and 1g were achieved. Over half of the compounds are more potent than 5-fluorouracil which is an established drug used in treating liver cancers. QSAR evaluations and molecular modeling studies were undertaken with a view to detecting some physicochemical parameters which govern cytotoxic potencies. A number of guidelines for amplification of the project have been formulated. A number of Mannich bases displayed greater potency than the reference drug 5-fluorouracil against human Huh-7 hepatoma cells. In particular, 1i emerged as a lead compound possessing 2.8 fold higher activity than that of the reference drug. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Positivity of Lumbar Puncture for Acute Bacterial Meningitis among Children Presenting with First Febrile Seizure

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of lumber puncture-proven acute bacterial meningitis among children with fever and seizures of first onset.METHODOLOGY From March 2020 to March 2021, a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the paediatrics department of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. The sample size for a total of 342 people was estimated using WHO software. The study included all children who had first-onset febrile seizures through OPD and the emergency department. All children underwent lumber punctures using a stringent aseptic procedure, and the hospital laboratory received the samples to look for bacterial meningitis. On a pre-made Proforma, details including name, age, and gender were entered. The gathered data were input into the computer for additional SPSS analysis (version 23).RESULTS Most individuals were male and were lies in the 21-40 months of age group. Mean weight and length/height were evaluated, respectively. The majority had a history of 6-10 days of disease duration. Bacterial meningitis was found significantly (p<0.05) associated with age, gender and neurological deficit, while non-significantly (p>0.05) associated with the duration of diseases.CONCLUSION All children between the ages of 6 months and 60 months who presented with episodes of fever and seizures were found to have a statistically significant (p<0.05) association found among bacterial meningitis and age groups

Antecedents of Overall E-service Quality and Brand Attachment in the Banking Industry

Purpose – The study aims to examine the impact of website design, e-fulfillment, e-service and e-security on overall e-service quality and its impact on brand attachment. Design/methodology/approach – Data of 425 respondents was collected from the internet banking industry users through an online survey. Further, PLS-SEM was employed to analyze the data. Findings – Results indicate that the impact of e-security, e- customer service, and e-fulfillment on overall e-customer service quality was supported. In contrast, the impact of website design was not supported. Further, overall, e-service quality also has a significant impact on brand attachment. Originality/value – This study suggested and tested a brand attachment framework for the banking industry to support strategy formulation for managers

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, A Perturbing Trigger to Infertility: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Pelvic inflammatory disease is the term used comprehensively for cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, pelvic peritonitis, and tubo-ovarian abscess. Diagnosis is initially by clinical assessment, confirmed by laboratory investigations and imaging modalities. PID is usually ignored by patients and clinicians eventually leading to infertility.  Purpose: The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate co relation of PID with infertility and role of   imaging modalities for diagnosis.   Method: During October 2020 we searched Google scholar, pub med, Medscape research articles from 2010 -2020. Conclusion: Pelvic inflammatory disease is second most common cause of infertility while diagnostic ultrasonography plays a limited role to diagnose. Keywords: Pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, endometritis, hydro salpinx, Tubal factor infertility and Sonographic evaluation. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/82-08 Publication date: November 30th 202

Customizing Case-Based Learning (CBL) Sessions with Limited Resources and Analysis of their Perceived Effectiveness by the Conducting Facilitators

Introduction: Intense resource involvement invites educationists to think of innovative methods for the continuation of CBL sessions while remaining within the restricted budget. The current study was planned to develop CBL sessions for second-year MBBS class during the endocrine module utilizing minimal resources and to determine the effectiveness of customized CBL methods by qualitatively analyzing experiences of the involved faculty. Methods: This study was conducted at Foundation University, Islamabad in six months after ethical approval. In the first phase, resource limitations like time slots, well-equipped rooms, and trained faculty were identified. CBL method was adapted and modified from the Maastricht PBL ‘Seven Jump’ process. 7 CBL sessions were conducted as per the devised method. Semi-structured interviews of 9 CBL facilitators were recorded, transcribed, validated, and analyzed in the second phase. Results: All facilitators believed that these sessions provided a productive, focused, intense yet enjoyable learning experience. 4 considered that large groups hindered adequate student participation, while 2 out of 9 themselves felt nervous due to large class sizes. Recap by the senior faculty member was suggested. Conclusion: Modified CBL sessions were perceived by facilitators as an enjoyable and intense learning opportunity for both students and themselves, despite being conducted in a large group utilizing minimal resources