In vitro učinci selena na stanične linije humanog glioblastoma multiforme: preliminarno istraživanje

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is caused by the central nervous system-derived glial cells, and represents the most common (50%-60%) form of primary brain tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of selenium on human GBM cells. In the present study, GMS-10 and DBTRG-05MG human GBM cell lines were used as a model to examine selenium entering the cell, cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation and Ki-67 protein expression in selenomethionine treated and non-treated groups. Seleno-L-methionine (SeMet) as the organic source of selenium exerted effects on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, as assessed with WST-1 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) tests, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ki-67 protein expression was determined by Western blotting, while selenium measurements were performed in the supernatants and lysates by using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Th is is the first study to examine the effects of SeMet on cell proliferation and death in GMS-10 and DBTRG-05MG cells. Both GBM cell lines responded to SeMet in a dose- and time-dependent manner. WST-1 test showed that low-dose SeMet treatment (50 and 100 μM) increased cell proliferation. Analysis of intracellular SeMet levels by using AAS showed results consistent with viability and cytotoxicity tests. SeMet treatment for 72 h caused increased DNA fragmentation in both cell lines. In conclusion, our results suggest that SeMet induces cell death at high doses, while increasing cell proliferation at low doses. In the view of the data obtained in this investigation, further studies focusing on the possibility of using SeMet against different types of GBM and in combination with prospect synergic compounds are considered to be worthwhile.Glioblastom multiforme (GBM) uzrokuju glijalne stanice podrijetlom iz središnjega živčanog sustava i to je najčešći (50%-60%) oblik primarnog tumora mozga. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je ispitati in vitroučinke selena na stanice humanog GBM. Rabili smo stanične linije GMS-10 i DBTRG-05MG humanog GBM kao model za ispitivanje ulaska selena u stanicu, stanične proliferacije, citotoksičnosti, fragmentacije DNA i izraženosti proteina Ki-67 u skupini tretiranoj selenometioninom i skupini bez takve obrade. Seleno-L-metionin (SeMet) kao organski izvor selena utjecao je na staničnu proliferaciju i citotoksičnost, što je procijenjeno pomoću testova WST-1 odnosno laktat dehidrogenaze (LDH). Apoptoza je procijenjena fragmentacijom DNA testom ELISA. Izražajnost proteina Ki-67 utvrđena je Western blotingom, dok su mjerenja selena provedena u supernatantima, a lizati primjenom GFAAS. Ovo je prvo istraživanje u kojem su se ispitivali učinci SeMet na staničnu proliferaciju i smrt u stanicama GMS-10 i DBTRG-05MG. Obje stanične linije GBM pokazale su o dozi i vremenu ovisan odgovor na SeMet. Test WST-1 pokazao je da je tretman niskom dozom SeMet (50 i 100 μM) pove-ćao proliferaciju stanica. Rezultati analize unutarstaničnih razina SeMet pomoću AAS bili su sukladni rezultatima testova stanične životnosti i citotoksičnosti. Tretman pomoću SeMet kroz 72 h uzrokovao je povećanu fragmentaciju DNA u objema staničnim linijama. U zaključku, naši rezultati ukazuju na to da SeMet u visokim dozama izaziva staničnu smrt, dok u niskim dozama povećava staničnu proliferaciju. U svjetlu podataka dobivenih u ovom istraživanju smatramo da bi bilo opravdano daljnja istraživanja usredotočiti na moguću primjenu SeMet kod različitih tipova GBM i u kombinaciji s mogućim sinergističnim spojevima

Clinical significance of NCOA5 gene rs2903908 polymorphism in Behçet`s disease

Behçet’s disease (BD) is an autoimmune multisystemic disease. The precise etiology of BD is not fully understood; however, it is thought that interactions between genetic and environmental factors play an essential role in its pathogenesis. The nuclear receptor coactivator-5 (NCOA5) gene encodes a coregulator for nuclear receptor sub- family 1 group D member 2 (NR1D2) and estrogen receptor 1 and 2 (ESR1 and ESR2). Also, the NCOA5 gene insufficiency leads to an elevated expression of IL-6, and increased levels of IL-6 were found to be related to the pathogenesis of BD. In this study, we aimed to clarify the impact of the NCOA5 rs2903908 polymorphism on susceptibility and clinical findings of BD. This study included 671 participants (300 BD patients and 371 healthy controls). The analyses of NCOA5 rs2903908 polymorphism was performed by using the TaqMan allelic discrim- ination assay. The frequency of TT genotype of the NCOA5 rs2903908 polymorphism was found significantly higher in BD patients compared to those in healthy controls (p=0.016, OR=1.46, 95 % CI=1.08–1.99). Also, the frequencies of CT genotype was observed significantly higher in BD patients with genital ulceration and uveitis than without genital ulceration and uveitis (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively). The most significant association was found between C allele frequencies of BD patients with and without uveitis (p=0.0001). Our study represents e first time that the NCOA5 rs2903908 polymorphism seemed to be linked to BD susceptibility and clinical findings

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

The relationship between the conflict management strategies and ethical leadership behaviours of nurse managers perceived by nurses

Aim: The aims of this study were to determine nurse managers' level of ethical leadership perceived by nurses and to examine its relationship with conflict management strategies. Background: Ethical leadership is about how managers use their power in their decisions and actions, and its source is based on moral and ethical authority. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of ethical behaviours of nurse managers in the work environment on determining conflict management strategies. Method: The data of this descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study were collected face-to-face from 285 nurses between April–June 2019. The data collection instruments included the introductory information form, the Ethical Leadership Scale, and The Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II. Results: Ethical leadership scores perceived by nurses in nurse managers were found 3.78, and the highest score was obtained from the behavioural ethics subscale (3.81 ±.91). In conflict management strategies perceived by nurses, it was determined that they got highest scores from collaborating style (3.76 ±.90) and lowest scores from competing style (2.90 ±.94). There was no significant relationship only between ethical leadership and its subscales and competing (r: −.038/−.041, p >.05). In other subscales, there were positive, moderate, and highly significant relationships (r:.466–.747, p <.001). The rate of explanatoriness of communicative ethics subscale in conflict management strategies ranged from 22.3% to 58.0%. Conclusions: The study shows that communicative ethics subscale significantly affects the conflict management strategies of nurse managers. Therefore, it is important for nurse managers to communicate bilaterally and be a role model for nurses. Implications for Nursing Management: Ethical leaders value trust and respect in their interactions with employees and reflect what appropriate behaviour to the situation is. Nurses who perceive that their managers demonstrate ethical leadership behaviours will also evaluate their role in conflict resolution. On the other hand, the power-based, aggressive, noncompromising domination approach that the person imposes on others is not associated with the ethical leadership perception towards their managers by nurses and is a strategy that should not be preferred. Therefore, nurse managers who use appropriate conflict management strategies were seen as a role model by nurses. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

The Reliability and Validity Study of Emotional Security Scale

The aim of this study was to re-test the validity and reliability of the Emotional Security Scale which was developed by Davies, Forman, Rasi and Stevens (2002) and adapted to Turkish by Sakiz (2011). The participants of the study were 496 students ranging in age from 11 to 13 years. Factor analysis revealed that there were 4 factors except behavioral dysregulation subscale. Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficients of the subscales ranged from.73 to.79. These results suggest that the Emotional Security Scale (ESS) is a valid and reliable instrument with 12 items and 4 factors