214 research outputs found

    Pierre H. Dubé, Nouvelle Bibliographie refondue et augmentée de la critique sur François-René de Chateaubriand (1801-1999)

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    L’essor vertigineux de la recherche sur Chateaubriand depuis une dizaine d’années, notamment lors du 150e anniversaire de sa mort en 1998, a incité P. H. Dubé à mettre à jour sa bibliographie de 1988, sans attendre les bicentenaires du Génie du christianisme, d’Atala, de René, et en préférant s’arrêter au terme symbolique du XXe siècle. En pareil domaine, il est vrai, toute césure est arbitraire: pourquoi, par exemple, ne pas incorporer l’année 2000? Pourquoi, à l’inverse, n’avoir commencé qu..

    Prolégomènes à une édition critique des poésies d’André Chénier. Écriture sensorielle et lecture auditive

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    La première mission d’une édition critique consiste à recenser et examiner tous les états connus du texte considéré, puis à choisir le texte de base, les variantes fournies par les autres versions du texte étant signalées dans l’apparat critique. La discipline de l’édition critique telle qu’elle est pratiquée de nos jours «se fonde sur la tradition prestigieuse et sur les exigences rigoureuses de la philologie». La méthode philologique «est une école de rigueur et de précision, d’acribie, de ..

    The caecal microbiota promotes the acute inflammatory response and the loss of the intestinal barrier integrity during severe Eimeria tenella infection

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    IntroductionCoccidiosis, a disease caused by intestinal apicomplexan parasites Eimeria, is a threat to poultry production. Eimeria tenella is one of the most pathogenic species, frequently causing a high prevalence of opportunistic infections.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of severe Eimeria tenella infection.MethodsWe have previously shown that microbiota can promote parasite development. To study the effect of the microbiota on the pathogenesis of this infection, we used an experimental condition (inoculum of 10 000 oocysts E. tenella INRAE) in which the parasite load is similar between germ-free and conventional broilers at 7 days post-infection (pi). Thirteen conventional and 24 germ-free chickens were infected. Among this latter group, 12 remained germ-free and 12 received a microbiota from conventional healthy chickens at 4 days pi. Caeca and spleens were collected at 7 days pi.ResultsOur results demonstrated caecal lesions and epithelium damage in conventional chickens at 7 days pi but not in germ-free infected chickens. Administration of conventional microbiota to germ-free chickens partially restored these deleterious effects. At day 7 pi, both infected conventional and germ-free chickens exhibited increased gene expression of inflammatory mediators, including IL15, IFNγ, TNFα and the anti-inflammatory mediator SOCS1, whereas the inflammatory mediators CXCLi2, CCL20, IL18, CSF1, NOS2, PTGS2, IL1β, IL6, the receptor CCR2, and the anti-inflammatory mediators TGFβ1 and IL10 were upregulated only in infected conventional chickens. Notably, the IL18, PTGS2 gene expression was significantly higher in the infected conventional group. Overall, the inflammatory response enhanced by the microbiota might be in part responsible for higher lesion scores. Epithelial tight junction protein gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of CLDN1 with the infection and microbiota, indicating a potential loss of the intestinal barrier integrity.ConclusionThese observations imply that, during E. tenella infection, the caecal microbiota could trigger an acute inflammatory response, resulting in a loss of intestinal integrity. Increase in bacterial translocation can then lead to the likelihood of opportunistic infections. Hence, modulating the microbiota may offer a promising strategy for improving poultry gut health and limiting caecal coccidiosis

    Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

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    RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

    Correspondance de Madame de Graffigny. Tome 1, 1716-17 juin 1739, lettres 1-144. Préparé par English Showalter et collaborateurs, 1985

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    Guitton Edouard. Correspondance de Madame de Graffigny. Tome 1, 1716-17 juin 1739, lettres 1-144. Préparé par English Showalter et collaborateurs, 1985. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°18, 1986. Littératures françaises. pp. 465-466

    Philip Mestry : Une Analyse des macro-structures de « Paul et Virginie », suivi de deux autres études. 1990

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    Guitton Edouard. Philip Mestry : Une Analyse des macro-structures de « Paul et Virginie », suivi de deux autres études. 1990. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°25, 1993. L'Europe des Lumières. p. 619

    Versini (Laurent), Le roman épistolaire et Laclos, œuvres complètes

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    Guitton Edouard. Versini (Laurent), Le roman épistolaire et Laclos, œuvres complètes. In: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest. Tome 87, numéro 1, 1980. pp. 156-158

    Chateaubriand, poète descriptif

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    Guitton Edouard. Chateaubriand, poète descriptif. In: Annales de Bretagne. Tome 75, numéro 3, 1968. Colloque Chateaubriand. pp. 614-622

    Ginguené critique littéraire : de la doctrine au cas Delille

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    « Je tiens sur la critique, disait Sainte-Beuve, deux choses qui ont l’air contradictoires et qui ne le sont pas : le critique est un homme qui sait lire et qui apprend à lire aux autres ; la critique est une création continue ». Sur le premier point au moins l’auteur des Lundis rejoint Ginguené déclarant à Amaury Duval : Je ne suis point et n’ai jamais été journaliste de profession. Je suis un ami des lettres et des lumières, d’humeur paisible et indépendante, étranger it toutes les petites ..

    Frédéric II : Œuvres philosophiques, 1985

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    Guitton Edouard. Frédéric II : Œuvres philosophiques, 1985. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°18, 1986. Littératures françaises. p. 472
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