A Controversial Bill (H.R. 897) To Mosquito Control Programs: A Policy Analysis

The primary purpose of this paper was to analyze the legal, financial, and administrative burdens of the Pesticides General Permit on mosquito control programs from a policy perspective. Mosquito control is often highly controversial, particularly when it involves the use of pesticides that have their own potentially serious health and environmental impacts. In 2009, the Environment Protection Agency issued the permit to be obtained by pesticide applicators before pesticides could be discharged into waterways in addition to existing Federal Insecticides, Fungicides, and Rodenticides Act (FIFRA) regulations. Some provisions of the permit could impact mosquito control activities. Therefore, in response to that new regulatory layer a bill (H.R. 897) was proposed as a policy solution to repeal the regulation requirements so that mosquito control programs would apply mosquito pesticides under FIFRA regulations only. The change is backed by mosquito control professionals and pesticides industry interest groups but objected to by environmental activists. Even though the bill has a bipartisan support in both the House and the Senate, it has yet to become a law. So far, since the implementation of the permit regulations, no state or local mosquito control pesticide applicator has complained of any barriers limiting its activities and none have been subjected to a legal action. Moreover, the regulation has been implemented seamlessly across the country. As a result, our policy analysis didn’t support the repeal of the Pesticides General Permit as requested by mosquito control professionals. The principal contribution of this policy analysis is to advocate for effective, efficient, and environmentally sound mosquito control practices that will help minimize or eliminate the discharge of pesticides into waters of the United States

Une Politique D’adaptation Climatique Inachevée Mais Persistante: Le Cas de la Zone Pastorale du CEZIET de Samorogouan (Burkina Faso)

In Samorogouan (Burkina Faso), pastoral migration has been planned by the World Bank through a project titled « Projet d’Élevage Ouest Volta (PEOV) ». With the agreement of the local authorities, the project defines a large territory (125.000 hectares) dedicated to ranching and to the settlement of the pastoralists who had fled the region during the droughts of the 70s. The project was cancelled in 1984, during the Sankarist revolution. Nowadays, the pastoral zone is threatened by clearance and by various conflicts between settled pastoralists, Justice, the local administration and farmers.A Samorogouan (Burkina Faso), les migrations des pasteurs ont été planifiées par un projet de la Banque Mondiale : le Projet d’Élevage Ouest Volta (PEOV). Avec l’agrément des autorités locales, le projet a délimité un vaste territoire (125.000 ha) dédié au « ranching » et à l’accueil des éleveurs qui ont fuit la sècheresse des années 70. Le projet a été retiré de la zone durant la Révolution sankariste de 1984. Aujourd’hui, pendant que l’emprise du défrichement augmente, de multiples conflits entre les éleveurs installés, la Justice, les services déconcentrés et les agriculteurs apparaissent à propos du statut de La zone.A Samorogouan (Burkina Faso), les migrations des pasteurs ont été planifiées par un projet de la Banque Mondiale : le Projet d’Élevage Ouest Volta (PEOV). Avec l’agrément des autorités locales, le projet a délimité un vaste territoire (125.000 ha) dédié au « ranching » et à l’accueil des éleveurs qui ont fuit la sècheresse des années 70. Le projet a été retiré de la zone durant la Révolution sankariste de 1984. Aujourd’hui, pendant que l’emprise du défrichement augmente, de multiples conflits entre les éleveurs installés, la Justice, les services déconcentrés et les agriculteurs apparaissent à propos du statut de La zone

Nutrient composition of Parkia biglobosa pulp, raw and fermented seeds: a systematic review

There is increasing evidence that nutrient differences observed among crop varieties or animal breeds belonging to the same species are sometimes greater than differences between species. Parkia biglobosa is an important tree species that provides edible products and income to rural households in West Africa. To better understand intra-species nutrient variability of P. biglobosa edible products, a review on the nutrient content of its pulp and seeds (raw and fermented) was conducted. Google scholar and the keywords “P. biglobosa” AND “nutrition” were used to screen the available literature from 1980 onwards, and the Zotero software was used to manage references. A step-wise assessment of titles, abstracts and full papers, led to a selection of 69 papers from which data were retrieved following FAO INFOODS guidelines. After data harmonization and quality checks, 42 papers were retained and used to extract data to populate a nutrient database. Despite an apparent abundance of nutrient analyses focused on P. biglobosa’s edible products, the quality of data available was poor and very few authors presented additional information, such as soil characteristics, climate, maturity at harvest, etc. that could influence the nutritional content of the products. Many data gaps remain. The present study will stimulate further investigations into nutrient composition of P. biglobosa products and ultimately will contribute to selecting nutritionally “+” trees for multiplication and/or domestication of the species

Comparison of chemical composition of fruit pulp of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth from differents ecoregions

Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth commonly called néré in French-speaking Africa is a semi-domesticated indigenous tree with a multi-purpose and highly appreciated use. Its pod-shaped fruits contain a yellowish floury pulp, eaten raw or used to make drinks, couscous and for raw or cooked dough. The objective of this study was to determine the profiles of minerals (Fe, K, Mg, Zn, Ca), beta-carotene, protein, ash, lipid and total sugar content as well as pH and acidity of the pulps from three ecoregions of Burkina Faso. The results showed quantitative difference in the composition of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth pulp from the different ecoregions. Pulp from tree of South Sahelian zone contained the highest concentration of beta-carotene and carbohydrates 530.52±68.11 μg/100g; 64.96±8.9% DW, respectively. Whereas, the North Sudanian zone exceeded the others ecoregion in terms of K 3 301.25±872.85 mg/100 g DW; Mg 257.63±90.15 mg/100 g DW; Zn 1.28±0.37 mg/100 g DW; Ca (519.41±591.13 mg/100g DW) and protein 3.76±0.39 g/100 g DW. The South Sudanian zone displays the highest content in Fe (1.92±1.37 mg/100 g DW). As for the equivalent citric acid quantified in this study, the North Sudanian zone had the highest concentrations (0.96 ± 0.18 g/100 g DW) in the pulp. The observed variation has implications regarding the use of these data in food and nutrition programs, and in selecting sources of planting material for reforestation initiatives and agroforestry systems

Analyse socio-culturelle de l’offre et de la demande de services pour l’emploi, l’entrepreneuriat et la formation professionnelle dans 6 communes du Burkina Faso

Réalisation d’une étude socio-culturelle visant à dresser un cadre socio-culturel de l’offre et de la demande de services pour l’emploi, l’entrepreneuriat et la formation professionnelle dans 6 communes du Burkina Faso

Spatial modelling of malaria prevalence associated with geographical factors in Houet province of Burkina Faso, West Africa

International audienceMalaria is a permanent threat to health in western Burkina Faso. Research has shown that geographical variables contribute to the spatial distribution in its transmission. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between malaria prevalence and potential explanatory geographical variables in the Houet province in Burkina Faso. Statistics on malaria prevalence registered by health centres in the Houet province in 2017 and potential geographical variables identified through a literature review were collected. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was used to identify key geographical variables and to measure their association with malaria while the Getis Ord Gi* index was used to locate malaria hotspots. The results showed that average annual temperature, vegetation density, percentage of clay in the soil, total annual rainfall and distance to the nearest waterbody are the main variables associated with malaria prevalence. These variables account for two-thirds of the spatial variability of malaria prevalence observed in Houet province. The intensity and direction of the relationship between malaria prevalence and geographical factors vary according to the variable. Hence, only vegetation density is positively correlated with malaria prevalence. Average temperature, for soil clay content, annual rainfall and for distance to the nearest water body are negatively correlated with the disease prevalence. These results show that even in an endemic area, malaria prevalence has significant spatial variation. The results could contribute to the choice of intervention sites, as this choice is crucial for reducing the malaria burden

An overview of cancer chemopreventive potential and safety of proanthocyanidins

Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. Over two-thirds of cancer-related deaths could most probably be prevented through lifestyle modification, particularly through dietary means. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), the most abundant polyphenolic substances after lignin in the plant kingdom, have been widely investigated for their chemopreventive potential. The PAs literature has, however, been mostly concerned with positive cardiovascular activities, and recent reviews about cancer chemoprevention are scarce. The present review highlights a series of in vitro and in vivo studies indicating (1) that PAs can act as anticarcinogenic agents through their antioxidant, apoptosis-inducing, immuno-modulating, and/or enzyme modulating properties, effects on epigenetics; and (2) that PAs could be particularly safe dietary compounds. These convergent data encourage further research to better understand the many aspects of cancer chemoprevention by PAs. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2011.607549SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe