«Influencia del roce y desgaste epidérmico en el dibujo papilar» : experiencias inéditas sobre dactiloscopia de Federico Olóriz Aguilera (1855-1912)

Federico Olóriz fue el introductor en España de un método de identificación por medio de las huellas dactilares, actualmente en vigor en diversos países. Para ello realizó numerosos trabajos, entre otros, la experiencia, hasta ahora inédita, que presentamos. Olóriz se propuso comprobar si los pulpejos de los dedos sometidos a manipulación mantenían los pliegues dérmicos de forma que pudieran seguir sirviendo para la correcta identificación. En caso de un simple lijado, comprobó que los pliegues dérmicos no representaban problemas graves de identificación. En caso de alterarse con elementos punzantes, las dificultades eran algo mayores, pero en modo alguno insalvables. Previamente se ofrece una breve biografía del personaje y un resumen de sus estudios sobre antropología y, de forma más amplia, su dedicación a la antropología forense, que le llevó a poner en marcha el denominado «Método Olóriz» de identificación por medio de las huellas dactilares

Skew-product maps with base having closed set of periodic points

In [Proc. ECIT-89, World Scientific, (1991), 177–183], A. N. Sharkovski˘ı and S.F. Kolyada stated the problem of characterization skew-product maps having zero topological entropy. It is known that, even under some additional assumptions, this aim has not been reached. In [J. Math. Anal. Appl., 287, (2003), 516–521], J. L. G. Guirao and J. Chudziak partially solved the problem in the class of skew-product maps with base map having closed set of periodic points. The present paper has two aims for this class of maps, on one hand to improve that solution showing the equivalence between the property “to have zero topological entropy” and the fact “not to be Li-Yorke chaotic in the union of the ω-limit sets of recurrent points”. On other hand, we show that the properties “to have closed set of periodic points” and “all nonwandering points are periodic” are not mutually equivalent properties, for doing this we disprove a result from Efremova of 1990

Articulated competitiveness and position in international production chains: Evidence of the growth of the Spanish textile sector (2000-2017)

Monográfico: Estructura y dinámica de las cadenas globales de valorLos fenómenos de la fragmentación productiva internacional y las cadenas globales de valor implican la redefinición de la noción de competitividad desde un punto de vista articulado. Las ventajas competitivas están determinadas por la posición ocupada en relación con la estructura interindustrial y la articulación geográfica específica. En este trabajo se analiza el crecimiento del sector textil desagregándolo en dos subsectores que se sitúan de forma distinta en el conjunto de la industria, la fabricación de tejido y la confección. Los resultados muestran que su diferente comportamiento deriva de la distinta posición ocupada en la cadena y que el marco institucional específico ha condicionado sus desempeños comerciales.The phenomena of international productive fragmentation and global value chains imply the redefinition of the notion of competitiveness from an articulated point of view. Competitive advantages are determined by the position occupied in relation to the inter-industrial structure and the specific geographical articulation. This paper analyses the growth of the textile sector, disaggregating it into two subsectors that are positioned differently in the industry as a whole: fabric manufacturing and clothing. The results show that their different behaviour derives from the different position occupied in the chain and that the specific institutional framework has conditioned their business performance.Instituto Complutense de Estudios InternacionalesTRUEpu

A Generative Framework for Low-Cost Result Validation of Outsourced Machine Learning Tasks

The growing popularity of Machine Learning (ML) has led to its deployment in various sensitive domains, which has resulted in significant research focused on ML security and privacy. However, in some applications, such as autonomous driving, integrity verification of the outsourced ML workload is more critical--a facet that has not received much attention. Existing solutions, such as multi-party computation and proof-based systems, impose significant computation overhead, which makes them unfit for real-time applications. We propose Fides, a novel framework for real-time validation of outsourced ML workloads. Fides features a novel and efficient distillation technique--Greedy Distillation Transfer Learning--that dynamically distills and fine-tunes a space and compute-efficient verification model for verifying the corresponding service model while running inside a trusted execution environment. Fides features a client-side attack detection model that uses statistical analysis and divergence measurements to identify, with a high likelihood, if the service model is under attack. Fides also offers a re-classification functionality that predicts the original class whenever an attack is identified. We devised a generative adversarial network framework for training the attack detection and re-classification models. The evaluation shows that Fides achieves an accuracy of up to 98% for attack detection and 94% for re-classification.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure

«Influencia del roce y desgaste epidérmico en el dibujo papilar»: experiencias inéditas sobre dactiloscopia de Federico Olóriz Aguilera (1855-1912)

Federico Olóriz fue el introductor en España de un método de identificación por medio de las huellas dactilares, actualmente en vigor en diversos países. Para ello realizó numerosos trabajos, entre otros, la experiencia, hasta ahora inédita, que presentamos. Olóriz se propuso comprobar si los pulpejos de los dedos sometidos a manipulación mantenían los pliegues dérmicos de forma que pudieran seguir sirviendo para la correcta identificación. En caso de un simple lijado, comprobó que los pliegues dérmicos no representaban problemas graves de identificación. En caso de alterarse con elementos punzantes, las dificultades eran algo mayores, pero en modo alguno insalvables. Previamente se ofrece una breve biografía del personaje y un resumen de sus estudios sobre antropología y, de forma más amplia, su dedicación a la antropología forense, que le llevó a poner en marcha el denominado «Método Olóriz» de identificación por medio de las huellas dactilares

Inertial sensors for gait monitoring and design of adaptive controllers for exoskeletons after stroke: a feasibility study

Introduction: Tuning the control parameters is one of the main challenges in robotic gait therapy. Control strategies that vary the control parameters based on the user’s performance are still scarce and do not exploit the potential of using spatiotemporal metrics. The goal of this study was to validate the feasibility of using shank-worn Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) for clinical gait analysis after stroke and evaluate their preliminary applicability in designing an automatic and adaptive controller for a knee exoskeleton (ABLE-KS). Methods: First, we estimated the temporal (i.e., stride time, stance, and swing duration) and spatial (i.e., stride length, maximum vertical displacement, foot clearance, and circumduction) metrics in six post-stroke participants while walking on a treadmill and overground and compared these estimates with data from an optical motion tracking system. Next, we analyzed the relationships between the IMU-estimated metrics and an exoskeleton control parameter related to the peak knee flexion torque. Finally, we trained two machine learning algorithms, i.e., linear regression and neural network, to model the relationship between the exoskeleton torque and maximum vertical displacement, which was the metric that showed the strongest correlations with the data from the optical system [r = 0.84; ICC(A,1) = 0.73; ICC(C,1) = 0.81] and peak knee flexion torque (r = 0.957). Results: Offline validation of both neural network and linear regression models showed good predictions (R2 = 0.70–0.80; MAE = 0.48–0.58 Nm) of the peak torque based on the maximum vertical displacement metric for the participants with better gait function, i.e., gait speed > 0.7 m/s. For the participants with worse gait function, both models failed to provide good predictions (R2 = 0.00–0.19; MAE = 1.15–1.29 Nm) of the peak torque despite having a moderate-to-strong correlation between the spatiotemporal metric and control parameter. Discussion: Our preliminary results indicate that the stride-by-stride estimations of shank-worn IMUs show potential to design automatic and adaptive exoskeleton control strategies for people with moderate impairments in gait function due to stroke.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Adapted assistance and resistance training with a knee exoskeleton after stroke

Studies on robotic interventions for gait rehabilitation after stroke require: (i) rigorous performance evidence; (ii) systematic procedures to tune the control parameters; and (iii) combination of control modes. In this study, we investigated how stroke individuals responded to training for two weeks with a knee exoskeleton (ABLE-KS) using both Assistance and Resistance training modes together with auditory feedback to train peak knee flexion angle. During the training, the torque provided by the ABLE-KS and the biofeedback were systematically adapted based on the subject’s performance and perceived exertion level. We carried out a comprehensive experimental analysis that evaluated a wide range of biomechanical metrics, together with usability and users’ perception metrics. We found significant improvements in peak knee flexion ( p=0.0016 ), minimum knee angle during stance ( p=0.0053 ), paretic single support time ( p=0.0087 ) and gait endurance ( p=0.022 ) when walking without the exoskeleton after the two weeks of training. Participants significantly ( p<0.00025 ) improved the knee angle during the stance and swing phases when walking with the exoskeleton powered in the high Assistance mode in comparison to the No Exo and the Unpowered conditions. No clinically relevant differences were found between Assistance and Resistance training sessions. Participants improved their performance with the exoskeleton (24-55 %) for the peak knee flexion angle throughout the training sessions. Moreover, participants showed a high level of acceptability of the ABLE-KS (QUEST 2.0 score: 4.5 ± 0.3 out of 5). Our preliminary findings suggest that the proposed training approach can produce similar or larger improvements in post-stroke individuals than other studies with knee exoskeletons that used higher training intensities.This work was supported in part by the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) along with the Secretariat of Universities and Research of the Catalan Ministry of Research and Universities and the European Social Fund (ESF) under Grant 2020 FI_B 00331, in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCI)—Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) under Grant PTQ2018-010227, in part by “La Caixa” Foundation under Grant LCF/TR/CC20/52480002, and in part by the Eurostars-3 Joint Program with co-financing from CDTI and the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Framework Program under Eureka Application Number 1789 under Grant CIIP-20221022Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Evaluación de trabajos de proyecto colaborativos en el último curso de Máster: la experiencia con alumnos de Ingeniería Civil [Evaluation of Group project work in the last year of the Master’s degree: the experience with Civil Engineering students]

Existe una extensa literatura que ha demostrado los grandes beneficios que implica el desarrollo de trabajos colaborativos entre estudiantes de Educación Superior. En el campo de la Ingeniería Civil, un proyecto exitoso es siempre un trabajo en equipo, y los profesores deben preparar a los estudiantes para que trabajen en este tipo ambiente cooperativo. El problema es que hay pocos ejemplos en la literatura que evalúen las experiencias positivas y negativas percibidas por los alumnos cuando acometen este tipo de trabajo de proyecto. “Planificación y Gestión de Carreteras” es una asignatura nueva en el Máster de Ingeniería de Caminos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) e incluye trabajos de proyecto. Este artículo contribuye a la literatura aplicando a una asignatura de Máster una metodología ya validada en Grado para evaluar la percepción que los estudiantes tienen del trabajo de proyecto. La metodología fue testada en una muestra de 82 estudiantes, y aunque los resultados destacan que los trabajos de proyecto grupales son percibidos muy positivamente por los alumnos, se detectaron también ciertas deficiencias relacionadas con la experiencia previa de los alumnos en trabajos colaborativos. [A large body of research has demonstrated the considerable benefits and minor organisational problems of collaborative work in higher education. In Civil Engineering, a successful project is often a highly collaborative team-based activity, and the engineering education community must therefore prepare graduates to work in this type of environment. The problem is that few case studies reported in the literature evaluate the positive and negative experiences encountered by students when undertaking group projects. “Road Planning and Management” is a new course in the Master of Civil Engineering of the UPM (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) which includes collaborative project works. This paper contributes to this limited literature by assessing previously existing methodologies applied to group projects in a Bachelor´s degree in Civil Engineering and compares the results with those obtained for students of a Master´s degree. The methodology was tested on a survey sample of 82 students enrolled in the “Road Planning and Management” course of the new Civil Engineering Master of UPM. Although the results highlight the extremely positive effects of group projects on the students’ perception, certain deficiencies were also detected relating to the lack of previous collaborative work in the students’ background, an area which requires further research.