Evaluation of the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, endoscopic lesions of the renal papilla and the type of renal lithiasis

Introducción y objetivos: Estudiar la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuentes con el tipo de lesión endoscópica de la papila renal y el tipo de litiasis renal. Material y métodos: Evaluamos prospectivamente 38 pacientes sometidos a cirugía intrarrenal retrograda (RIRS) analizando y clasificando el tipo de lesión observada en la papila renal (placa de Randall, Calcificación intratubular y hendidura papilar). Posteriormente, se analiza el tipo de litiasis presente (oxalato cálcico monohidrato, ácido úrico y litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato con o sin hidroxiapatita) y se recogen los factores de riesgo cardiovascular presentes (HTA, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesidad, Antecedentes de enfermedad cardiaca previa). Se realiza una comparación de proporciones mediante el test de x2 con valor de significación p<0.05 para cada grupo. Resultados: No se hallaron relaciones entre el tipo de factor de riesgo cardiovascular con el tipo de calcificación papilar endoscópica. Se observó una tendencia a la presencia de calcificación intratubular en pacientes obesos. La HTA y la Diabetes Mellitus se relacionaron con las litiasis de ácido úrico (p=0,025 y 0,005, respectivamente). La obesidad se relacionó con las litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato (p=0,023). Conclusiones: No parece existir una relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el tipo de calcificación de la papila renal. A pesar de ello, se observa la tendencia de que pacientes con obesidad presentan una elevada frecuencia de calcificación intratubular. Parece que existe una relación entre las litiasis de ácido úrico en pacientes que padecen diabetes y/o HTA y entre las litiasis de oxalato cálcico dihidrato con o sin hidroxiapatita en pacientes con obesidad.Introduction and objetives: Study the relationship between the most frequent cardiovascular risk factors with the type of endoscopic injury of the renal papilla and the kind of renal lithiasis. Material and methods: We prospectively evaluated 38 patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) by analyzing and classifying the type of injury observed in the renal papilla (Randall’s plaque, intratubular calcification and papillary cleft). Later, we analyzed the type of lithiasis present (calcium oxalate monohydrate, uric acid and calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis with or without hydroxyapatite) and the cardiovascular risk factors present (HTA, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Historiy of previous heart disease). A proportional comparison was performed using the x2 test with significance value p <0.05 for each group. Results: No relationship was found between the type of cardiovascular risk factor and the type of endoscopic papillary injury. Although, we find a tendency between the patients with obesity and the intratubular calcification. HTA and Diabetes Mellitus were related with uric acid stones (p = 0.025 and 0.005, respectively). Obesity was related with calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis (p = 0.023). Conclusions: There not seem to be a relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and the kind of renal papilla injury. In spite of , there is a tendency observed that correlated the patients with obesity with a high frequency of intratubular calcification. There seems to be a relationship between uric acid lithiasis in patients with diabetes or hypertension and another relationship between the calcium oxalate dihydrate lithiasis with or without hydroxyapatite and the patients with obesity

The physiological cost of male-biased parasitism in a nearly monomorphic mammal

Background: Even though male-biased parasitism is common in mammals, little effort has been made to evaluate whether higher parasitic burden in males results in an extra biological cost, and thus a decrease in fitness. Body condition impairment and the augmentation of oxidative stress can be used as indicators of the cost of parasite infections. Here, we examined relationships between gastrointestinal and respiratory helminths, body condition and oxidative stress markers (glutathione peroxidase, paraoxonase-1) in 28 Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica) sampled in autumn. Results: Only male chamois showed a reduction in body condition and higher oxidative stress due to parasite infection, likely because of the extremely high parasite burdens observed in males. Conclusions: This study made evident a disparity in the physiological cost of multiple parasitism between sexes in a wild mammal, mainly due to parasitic richness. Because of the similar life expectancy in male and female chamois, we suggest that males may have developed natural mechanisms to compensate for higher parasite loads during the rut

The Essential Role of IL-17 as the Pathogenetic Link between Psoriasis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is an effector cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of both psoriasis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a condition that is more prevalent and severe in patients with psoriasis. In liver inflammation, IL-17 is mainly produced by CD4+ T (TH17) and CD8+ T cells (Tc17), although numerous other cells (macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils and Tγδ cells) also contribute to the production of IL-17. In hepatocytes, IL-17 mediates systemic inflammation and the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the liver, and it is also implicated in the development of fibrosis and insulin resistance. IL-17 levels have been correlated with progression from MAFLD to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical trials have shown that inhibiting IL-17A in patients with psoriasis could potentially contribute to the improvement of metabolic and liver parameters. A better understanding of the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of these chronic inflammatory processes could potentially lead to more efficient treatment for both psoriasis and MAFLD, and help to develop holistic strategies to improve the management of these patients