Editorial: Dendritic cell and macrophage nomenclature and classification

10.3389/fimmu.2016.00168Frontiers in Immunology7MAY16

The Big Ditch: The Wichita-Valley Center Flood Control Project

The Wichita-Valley Center Flood Control Project, commonly referred to as the "Big Ditch," protects Wichita from flooding by the Arkansas River, the Little Arkansas River, and Chisholm Creek. The name "Big Ditch" was originally derisive and started with farmers opposed to the project. The farmers, some of whom were losing their land to the federal project, saw the floodway as an example of federal Big Brother-style interference with local affairs. Years passed and the opposition faded, but the name outlived the controversy. The Big Ditch is eighteen miles long and has fifty miles of connecting channels, one hundred miles of levees, and one hundred fifty control structures, making it one of the largest water diversion projects in the United States. The Army Corp of Engineers constructed the floodway between 1950 and 1959 at the cost of $20 million. By 1975, the total amount of flood damage prevented by the project was estimated at over$33 million. While the Wichita-Valley Center Flood Control Project originally faced opposition, the results have proven that the money spent on the project was justified.

How Do They Do It?: Looking at the Strengths and Challenges in the Running of a Completely Voluntary Non-Profit Organization

How Do They Do It explores a small non-profit organization which is run solely by volunteers, called Mentor A Mother that was founded by two pre-natal nurses. Mentor A Mother is a mentoring program for young mothers ages 13-20 in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. This project demonstrates the need for a program such as this. This project looks at the organizational structure and culture of this unique organization and attempts to make comparisons to others like it. The main research question is based on what strengths and challenges are found in an all-volunteer run organization. I use real life experiences that I collected through my work as an intern with Mentor A Mother. In addition, I have conducted research to learn best practices in running an all voluntary non-profit organization, including board management, volunteer empowerment and leadership roles, in order to compare them to the experiences I had while working in the operation of such an organization

A Correlation and Stratigraphy of Detailed Measured Core Sections of the Waynesville and Liberty Formations (Katian; Richmondian) - Transecting Warren, Clinton, and Fayette Counties of Ohio

The stratigraphy of the Cincinnatian is difficult to understand and interpret which has resulted in various models for deposition ranging from a layer cake model with continuous beds to completely discontinuous beds. The interest of this study is the Liberty and Waynesville Formations (previously part of the Bull Fork Formation); these are Late Ordovician (Katian; Richmondian) units of predominantly limestone and shale. This project assesses the continuity of fine scale beds within these formations across a small area (approx. the size of Ohio’s Clinton County) by correlating measured sections from drill cores. The project involved the study of five rock cores (cores 2627, 3240, 868, 2682, and 2620) held in the ODNR H.R. Collins Core Repository and the comparison with published sections and unpublished field notes from neighboring outcrops. The project’s goal was to increase the detail of the measured sections to a one-inch resolution for the Waynesville and Liberty Formations and to increase the number of completed sections for the northeastern portion of the Cincinnati Arch. The paleontology was noted, when visible in core section, for correlation with the known faunal epiboles. The use of these has proven troublesome when examining cores due to the inherent limitations in encountering the fossils when drilling which has led to more reliance on lithological correlations between the cores. This project has revealed continuity of sets of lithological beds; however, no continuous individual lithological beds were recognizable in core samples across the region. Without the use of fossil correlation, there are no continuous lithological beds and no clear formational contacts for the Liberty, Waynesville, and Whitewater Formations. Without the use of these fossil epiboles, the differentiation of the formations is extremely difficult and nearly impossible in some localities. In summary, in areas where surface outcrops are limited for these formations, core sections can be used to correlate the larger cycles, but the fine resolution correlation requires the identification of epiboles, which is only practical in outcrop

ESTABLISHMENT OF A NIGHTHAWK MIGRATION MONITORING PROGRAM

The Nighthawk Migration Monitoring Program was initiated in 1997 to study the Common Nighthawk, Chordeiles minor. Modeled after the Hawk Migration Association of North America\u27s hawkwatching methodology, the program enlisted volunteers to record time of day for peak flight, time of season for peak flight, weather conditions affecting migration, and other data. Volunteers were enlisted by establishment of a web­ page and e-mail address, preparation and circulation of a brochure, and through mail. Individual chapters of the Virginia Society of Ornithology and others expressing interest were sent a letter, brochure, a Nighthawk Count Report Form, and an instruction sheet for filling out the daily report form. Fifty-three data sheets were returned by nine individuals from ten locations for a total of 67.15 hours of observation. Two-thousand one hundred seven nighthawks were seen on 24 days between August 9 and October 11, 1997. The time of day for peak flight was within fifteen minutes before and after sunset and the time of the season for peak flight was the last week of August. Nighthawks were observed migrating in wind speeds up to 38 km/hr and clear to partly cloudy skies. Data was inconclusive on wind direction and use of leading lines by migrants. Based on the first year\u27s results, changes are being made in the program\u27s design and plans are being made to expand it in upcoming years

Measurement of Inclusive Upsilon(4S) to Upsilon(1S) Decays at Belle II

Using data collected by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider, a measurement of the branching fraction for inclusive $\Upsilon(4S)$ decays to $\Upsilon(1S)$, where $\Upsilon(1S)$ decays to $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$, is investigated. A similar study has not been conducted for decades. Such an inclusive measurement may be compared to the sum of exclusive branching fractions in order to check the completeness of the known exclusive decays. A disparity between the measured exclusive decays and the inclusive measurement would be suggestive of additional decay modes that are accessible beyond naive expectations. This analysis is further extended to include measurements of the branching fraction for inclusive $\Upsilon(4S)$ decays to $\Upsilon(3S)$ and $\Upsilon(2S)$. Furthermore, this study, as well as measurements of the $\Upsilon(3S)$, $\Upsilon(2S)$ and $\Upsilon(1S)$, can be extended to data collected at 10.75 GeV to explore inclusive decays to $\Upsilon$ states to allow for elucidation of the mysterious $\Upsilon(10750)$ state