The rise of SOL - Sociedad(e) de Odonatología Latinoamericana

In the last decades, odonatology in Latin Americahas had a notable improvement in the number ofresearchers and students from within Latin Americancountries studying Odonata biology, ecology andsystematics.This improvement together with theoverwhelming diversity of the region not only hasconsolidated the integration among Latin Americancountries, but also made possible the integration ofLatin America into the international scenario. Thisis evidenced by the election of two Latin Americancities as venues for the International Congress ofOdonatology (Xalapa, Mexico in 2009, and BuenosAires, Argentina in 2015)Fil: Muzon, Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira Rhainer, Guillermo. Universidade Federal do São Carlos; BrasilFil: Lozano, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin

Kick Out The Ants: A Novel and Striking Behavior in Ant-Wasp Interactions

Trophobiosis between ants and homopterans is widely known. Nevertheless, this interaction can also happen between treehoppers and other animals in a non-mutualistic way. For instance, here we observed the wasp Pseudopolybia vespiceps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) collecting honeydew flickered by Aethalion reticulatum (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) as an alternative food resource. Fieldwork was conducted during three consecutive days, when we made ad libitum behavioral observations using video footage. We noted the behavior of P. vespiceps when collecting honeydew from A. reticulatum. Strikingly, our observations resulted in the description of novel wasp behavior. The wasps compete with ants for access to treehoppers by kicking them out of the plant. Studies like this contribute to the understanding of trophic nets that depend on hemipteran honeydew

Vall d’Hebron Risk Score II for myocardial infarction and cardiac death

Malaltia de l'artèria coronària; Factors de risc; Tomografia per emissió computeritzada de fotó únicEnfermedad arterial coronaria; Factores de riesgo; Tomografía por emisión computarizada de fotón únicoCoronary artery disease; Risk factors; Tomography, emission-computed, single-photonObjectives The aim of this study was to create a new Vall d’Hebron Risk Score-II (VH-RS-II) for non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and/or cardiac death (CD), excluding patients with coronary revascularisation (CR) during the follow-up. Methods We analysed 5215 consecutive patients underwent gated single photon emission CT (SPECT); 2960 patients (age 64.2±11, male 58.1%) had no previous MI and/or CR, and 2255 patients (age 63.3±11, male 81.9%) had previous MI and/or CR. During a follow-up of 4.3±2.6 years, the cardiac event (MI and CD) was evaluated. This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of our institution (number form trial register, PR(AG)168.2012). To obtain the predictor model, multivariate Cox regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. RS-VH-II was validated with 679 patients. Results In patients without previous MI and/or CR, age (HR: 1.01; p<0.001), diabetes (HR: 2.1, p=0.001), metabolic equivalent (METs) (HR: 0.89, p=0.038), ST segment depression (HR: 1.4, p=0.011), ejection fraction (EF) (HR: 0.97, p<0.001) and summed stress score (HR: 1.2, p<0.001) were the independent predictors of CE (C-statistic: 0.8). In patients with previous MI and/or CR, age (HR: 1.06, p<0.001), male (HR: 1.9, p=0.047), smoker (HR: 1.5, p=0.047), METs (HR: 0.8, p<0.001), ST segment depression (HR: 1.4, p=0.002), EF (HR: 0.96; p<0.001) and summed difference score (HR: 1.03, p=0.06) were the independent predictors of CE (C-statistic:0.8). Conclusion The VH-RS-II obtained from different clinical exercise and gated SPECT variables allow the risk stratification for MI and CD in patients with or without previous MI and/or CR in due form

Migração de Ponta de Cateter Venoso Central Totalmente Implantado para Veia Jugular Interna Ipsilateral

Introduction: Totally implantable venous access&nbsp;devices (TIVAD) are crucial in the treatment of&nbsp;patients undergoing long-term chemotherapy.Various complications have been documented,&nbsp;including catheter tip migration.Case Description: A TIVAD was introduced&nbsp;to perform chemotherapy on a 64-year-old&nbsp;male with a diagnosis of sigmoid colon cancer.17 months after the introduction of TIVAD,&nbsp;our patient had complaints of pain in the right&nbsp;cervical region, extending from the clavicle to&nbsp;the mandibular area, during a chemotherapy&nbsp;session. Chest X-ray was required to confirm&nbsp;the position of TIVAD, demonstrating catheter&nbsp;tip migration to the ipsilateral internal jugular&nbsp;vein. Increased intrathoracic pressure due to&nbsp;cough and vomiting remains a possible cause for&nbsp;catheter tip migration.Conclusion: the correct position of TIVAD,&nbsp;meaning the tip of the catheter located 1-2&nbsp;cm below the carina in chest X-ray, is crucial&nbsp;to prevent migration. Chest X-ray could be&nbsp;performed to detect migration. Measures to&nbsp;prevent increased intrathoracic pressure should&nbsp;be taken.Introdução: Dispositivos médicos como o&nbsp;cateter venoso central totalmente implantado&nbsp;(TIVAD) são cruciais no tratamento de pacientes&nbsp;submetidos a quimioterapia de longo prazo.Várias complicações foram documentadas,&nbsp;incluindo a migração da ponta do cateter.Caso Clínico: Foi introduzido um TIVAD para&nbsp;realização de quimioterapia num paciente de&nbsp;64 anos de idade com diagnóstico de cancro&nbsp;do colon sigmoide. 17 meses após a introdução&nbsp;do TIVAD, o doente apresentou queixas de&nbsp;dor na região cervical direita, desde a clavícula&nbsp;à área mentoneana, durante uma sessão&nbsp; e&nbsp;quimioterapia. Foi realizado radiografia de&nbsp;tórax para confirmar a posição do TIVAD,&nbsp;demonstrando a migração da ponta do cateter&nbsp;para a veia jugular interna ipsilateral. O aumento&nbsp;da pressão intratorácica devido à tosse e vômito&nbsp;podem ser causas possíveis da migração da ponta&nbsp;do cateter.Conclusão: A posição correta do TIVAD, que&nbsp;equivale à ponta do cateter localizado a 1 - 2&nbsp;cm abaixo da carina na radiografia de tórax, é&nbsp;crucial para prevenir a migração. A radiografia de&nbsp;tórax pode ser realizada para detetar a migração.Devem ser tomadas medidas para prevenir o&nbsp;aumento da pressão intratorácica

“WANTED DEAD OR ALIVE:” BLACK VULTURES (CORAGYPS ATRATUS) FEEDING ON A LIVE CAPYBARA (HYDROCHOERUS HYDROCHAERIS)

Abstract ∙ Although vultures are scavengers that feed mainly carcasses, they occasionally may feed on living tissue of vulnerable vertebrates. In South America, most records of vulture attacks on live animals refer to newborns of domes‐ tic mammals. Here, we describe the behavior of a group of Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) feeding on a live capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). The capybara had low mobility, high alopecia, and showed injuries in its dorsal region. The vultures insistently pursued the capybara and pecked directly on its injuries to feed on live tissue. The capybara tried to shake‐off and bite the vultures and escaped from them by diving into the water. We suggest that the observed behaviors are compatible with an extreme case of semi‐parasitic cleaning behavior by vultures on a live wild mammal.Resumo ∙ “Procurado vivo ou morto”: Urubus‐de‐cabeça‐preta (Coragyps atratus) alimentando‐se de capivara viva (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) Os urubus são aves necrófagas que se alimentam principalmente de carcaças, mas ocasionalmente alimentam‐se de tecidos vivos de vertebrados vulneráveis. Na América do Sul, a maioria dos ataques de urubus a animais vivos tem como vítimas mamíferos domésticos recém‐nascidos. Neste trabalho descrevemos o comportamento de um grande grupo de Urubus‐de‐cabeça‐preta (Coragyps atratus) que bicavam e alimentavam‐se de tecidos vivos de uma capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). A capivara apresentava mobilidade reduzida, com elevada alopecia e ferimentos na região dorsal de seu corpo. Os urubus perseguiram insistentemente a capivara e bicaram diretamente sobre suas feridas para alimentarem‐se de tecido vivo. A capivara sacudiu‐se e tentou morder os urubus e mergulhou em um reservatório para fugir das aves. Assim, concluímos que os comportamentos observados referem‐se a um caso extremo de semiparasitismo entre um grupo de urubus e um mamífero herbívoro silvestre

Proliferación subdisciplinar en biología, debacle del reduccionismo y nuevas estrategias de unificación

Durante las últimas décadas, la biología ha sido objeto de una considerable proliferación teórica y subdisciplinar, hecho que suscita la pregunta acerca de su unidad. Por ello, a partir del abandono del reduccionismo como estrategia unificadora, el interrogante filosófico es qué otras formas alternativas de relaciones subdisciplinares son posibles, y si dichas relaciones logran dar unidad a la biología. En el presente artículo, a partir de una breve consideración de algunos de los problemas que el programa reduccionista ha tenido en biología, analizaremos diferentes tipos de relaciones que se encuentran entre las subdisciplinas de la biología contemporánea. En particular, indagaremos cuatro de las principales propuestas que pueden encontrarse en la literatura filosófica especializada; ofrecemos entonces dos nuevas propuestas de relación interdisciplinar: el isomorfismo de la biología evolutiva, e la importación/exportación de cuerpos teóricos, propia de la relación entre la ecología y la fisiología. Finalmente, presentaremos algunas consideraciones en torno al objetivo de la unidad de la ciencia en general, como también acerca de la clase de cohesión que creemos posible para la biología a partir de nuestros análisis, defendiendo la idea de un pluralismo de las relaciones interdisciplinares y de la unidad como un fenómeno local.Over the last decades, in biology there has been a proliferation of subdisciplines and theories, and this poses a question about its unity. Consequently, after reductionism was abandoned as a unifying strategy, philosophical questions have been raised about the possibility of alternative forms of relations among the subdisciplines, and whether they can effectively accomplish a unity of biology. This article starts with a brief consideration of some of the problems that the reductionist program confronts in biology, and then analyzes different kind of relations that are present among the subdisciplines of contemporary biology. In particular, we investigate four of the main proposals that can be found in the specialized philosophical literature; and then we propose two models of inter-disciplinary relations: isomorphism in evolutionary biology, and import/export of theoretical corpus, present in the relation between ecology and physiology. Finally, we offer a few ideas on unity as a goal for science in general, and also about the kind of cohesion that we think to be possible for biology based on our analysis. Thus, we defend the idea of pluralism of inter-disciplinary relations and of unity as a local phenomenon

Mechanism of the wing colouration in the dragonfly Zenithoptera lanei (Odonata: Libellulidae) and its role in intraspecific communication

AbstractZenithoptera dragonflies are known for their remarkable bluish colouration on their wings and unique male behaviour of folding and unfolding their wings while perching. However, nothing is known about the optical properties of such colouration and its structural and functional background. In this paper, we aimed to study the relationship between the wing membrane ultrastructure, surface microstructure and colour spectra of male wings in Zenithoptera lanei and test the hypothesis that colouration functions as a signal in territorial fights between males. The results show that the specific wing colouration derives from interference in alternating layers of melanized and unmelanized cuticle in the wing membrane, combined with diffuse scattering in two different layers of wax crystals on the dorsal wing surface, one lower layer of long filaments, and one upper layer of leaf-shaped crystals. The results also show that the thicker wax coverage of the dorsal surface of the wings results in increased brightness and reduced chroma. In the field experiments, we have demonstrated that there is a reduction of aggressive reactions of rivals towards individuals with experimentally reduced amount of blue wing colouration

Aggregation behavior of 6-isocassine and N-methyl-6-isocassine: insights into the biological mode of action of lipid alkaloids.

The aggregation behavior of 6-isocassine and N-methyl-6-isocassine, two piperidin-3-ol alkaloids isolated respectively from the barks of Prosopis nigra and P. affinis, was investigated using a combination of NOE experiments and diffusion measurements in solvents of varying polarity and hydrogen bonding capacity. While the NOE enhancements for N-methyl-6-isocassine are positive, regardless of the solvent, those for 6-isocassine shift from negative to positive when going from chloroform- d to methanol- d4solution. In addition, despite the self-diffusion coefficients of both compounds being virtually identical in methanol- d4, N-methyl-6-isocassine diffuses nearly twice as fast as the non-methylated alkaloid in chloroform- d. The changes in rotational and translational dynamics observed between solvents for 6-isocassine suggest that the molecule forms dimeric head-to-head aggregates in non-polar aprotic environments, a behavior that could help explain the biological mode of action that has been proposed for this type of alkaloids

Eficacia del led azul en la fotoactivación de Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro

Un posible tratamiento para la foliculitis, empleado en estética, es el uso de radiación LED azul ya que limita el crecimiento microbiano. Diversos estudios han reportado que la radiación LED azul, con longitudes de onda en el rango de 405-470nm, tiene un efecto bactericida sobre ciertos patógenos bacterianos como Staphylococcus aureus. El presente estudio tiene por objeto evaluar la eficacia de la radiación LED azul a 450 nm (usada habitualmente en tratamientos estéticos) en la fotoinactivación de cultivos planctónicos de S. aureus y S. epidermidis empleando diferentes densidades de potencia (97, 110, 156 y 200 mW/cm2) y densidades de energía. Las suspensiones bacterianas de S. aureus (ATCC 25923) y S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) se sembraron en placas de 24 pocillos y se irradiaron con diferentes densidades de energía y potencia. Finalizada la irradiación, se llevó a cabo la enumeración de cada suspensión bacteriana por dilución seriada en solución buffer fosfato. Luego se tomaron alícuotas de 10 µL de cada dilución para sembrarlas en placas de agar infusión Cerebro-Corazón y se incubaron durante 24 h a 37 °C. Los recuentos de UFC se expresaron en escala logarítmica (log10/mL) y se realizó el análisis estadístico de ANOVA y test de Tukey. Los resultados indicaron que las densidades de energía y potencia utilizadas fueron insuficientes para causar un efecto antimicrobiano en cultivos planctónicos de S. aureus o S. epidermidis con una sola aplicación de radiación azul.One possibility of treatment in Aesthetics for folliculitis is a blue LED, as it acts on microbial control. Studies describe that the blue LED, with 405-470nm wavelength, has a bactericidal effect when irradiated in certain bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to evaluate the 450 nm blue LED's efficacy as a modality in aesthetic treatments in the photoinactivation of the planktonic strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis with power densities of 97, 110, 156, and 200 mW/cm2 in different energy densities. Bacterial suspensions of S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) were plated in 24-well plates and irradiated with other energy and power densities. After irradiation, each bacterial suspension was diluted in a phosphate buffer solution in a 96-well plate. Aliquots of 10 µL were collected from this dilution and streaked, in triplicate, in Brain Heart Infusion agar plates and incubated for 24h/37 °C. CFU counts were expressed in log10/mL and submitted to ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. The energy and power densities used were insufficient to cause an antimicrobial effect on S. aureus or S. epidermidis planktonic cultures with a single light application.Uma possibilidade de tratamento em Estética para foliculite é o uso do LED azul, pois atua no controle microbiano. Estudos descrevem que o LED azul, com comprimentos de onda de 405-470nm, tem efeito bactericida quando irradiado em determinadas bactérias como Staphylococcus aureus. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia dos LED's azuis de 450 nm como modalidade em tratamentos estéticos na fotoinativação das cepas planctônicas de S. aureus e S. epidermidis com densidades de potência de 97, 110, 156 e 200 mW/cm2 em diferentes densidades de energia. Suspensões bacterianas de S. aureus (ATCC 25923) e S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228) foram semeadas em placas de 24 poços e irradiadas com diferentes densidades de energia e potência. Após a irradiação, cada suspensão bacteriana foi diluída em uma solução tampão de fosfato em uma placa de 96 poços. Alíquotas de 10 µL foram coletadas desta diluição e semeadas, em triplicata, em placas de ágar Brain Heart Infusion e incubadas por 24h/37°C. As contagens de UFC foram expressas em log10/mL e submetidas aos testes estatísticos ANOVA e Tukey. As densidades de energia e potência utilizadas foram insuficientes para causar efeito antimicrobiano em culturas planctônicas de S. aureus ou S. epidermidis com uma única aplicação de luzFil: Teixeira Pedroso, J.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Ponce, E.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Pinto, Juliana Guerra. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; BrasilFil: Miñan, Alejandro Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira Strixino, J.. Universidade do Vale do Paraíba; Brasi

El desafío de favorecer los aprendizajes de los alumnos en conceptos básicos de algorítmica y programación.

En este trabajo se presenta la propuesta que actualmente está llevando a cabo el equipo docente de la materia Introducción a la Algorítmica de las carreras de Analista en Computación y Licenciatura y Profesorado en Ciencias de la Computación que se dictan en la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. La propuesta pretende favorecer los aprendizajes de los alumnos en conceptos básicos de algorítmica y programación puesto que se han detectado muchas falencias en la apropiación de tales conceptos cuando los alumnos deben aplicarlos en materias de años superiores. La propuesta aquí presentada forma parte del proyecto de investigación e innovación de la enseñanza de grado aprobado por la Secretaría Académica y de Ciencias y Técnica de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Las innovaciones a que se hace referencia son al interior de la asignatura y con relación al proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje que se ha desarrollado en años anteriores. Se exponen cuales son los lineamientos a seguir en el curso 2004 y cuales son los supuestos que sustentan la metodología a llevar adelante.Eje: III - Workshop de tecnología informática aplicada en educaciónRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI