Increasing Science Education during Preschool

Preschool children who don\u27t have access to science education and don\u27t have the opportunity to explore their environment are lack of (STEM) skill. To help children with their learning environment I have created a two day lesson about the four different seasons of the year at Boronda Meadow school in Salinas, California

La responsabilidad civil extracontractual y su implicancia en la calidad de producción o servicio, Caso POET 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la implicancia que tiene la responsabilidad civil extracontractual en la calidad de producción o servicio, Caso POET 2020 POET es una marca de limpiadores líquidos antibacteriales diluibles, considerada por muchos años la marca líder en su rubro, pertenecientes a la empresa peruana Clorox Perú S.A, usados con la finalidad de proporcionar una desinfección de cualquier superficie a la que sean aplicados. La responsabilidad civil extracontractual, según Iberley (2018) es la reparación del daño producido a la persona o a la moral por un acto ilícito o falta de diligencia en perjuicio de la víctima. En este caso el perjuicio se da cuando un lote de antibacteriales marca POET no asegura su eficacia en la desinfección y además produce daños en la salud debido a una contaminación de bacterias incluida las Pseudomonas, lo que genera una degradación en la calidad de la producción y del servicio. La calidad de la producción y del servicio según López (2019) es la totalidad del procedimiento que se da para la creación, producción y distribución de algún producto o servicio, el cual será de beneficio o no para el cliente una vez adquirido. La presente es una investigación aplicada no experimental transeccional correlacional, que se realizó bajo el enfoque cuantitativo aplicando la técnica de la encuesta.The present research aims to determine the implication of extra-contractual civil liability on the quality of production or service, Case POET 2020 POET is a brand of dilutable antibacterial liquid cleaners, considered for many years the leading brand in its field, belonging to the Peruvian company Clorox Perú S.A, used with the purpose of providing disinfection of any surface to which they are applied. The extra-contractual civil liability, according to Iberley (2018) is the reparation of the damage caused to the person or morals by an illicit act or lack of diligence to the detriment of the victim. In this case, the damage occurs when a batch of POET brand antibacterials does not ensure its effectiveness in disinfection and also causes damage to health due to contamination of bacteria including Pseudomonas, which generates a degradation in the quality of production and from service. The quality of production and service according to López (2019) is the entire procedure that is given for the creation, production and distribution of a product or service, which will be of benefit or not for the customer once acquired. This is a non-experimental, transectional correlational applied research, which was carried out under the quantitative approach applying the survey technique

Caenorhabditis elegans betaine-sensitive nicotinic receptors: molecular function and physiological roles.

Caenorhabditis elegans possesses an extensive and diverse family of nicotinic receptors (nAChR), many of which remained uncharacterized. nAChRs are involved in worm locomotion and are targets of anthelmintic drugs. Parasitic nematodes have acquired resistance to most anthelmintic drugs, thus generating problems in human and animal health. Because of this, the identification of novel drugs and targets is required. The potent nematocidal drug monepantel (MNP), which belongs to the recently discovered class of compounds amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs), has been shown to target ACR-23 nAChR. ACR-23, whose endogenous agonist is betaine (BE), is a poorly characterized nAChR present in body-wall muscle and mechanosensory neurons of nematodes. Since it is not conserved in vertebrates, ACR-23 is an interesting pharmacological target for anthelmintic drugs. Our goal is to decipher ACR-23 molecular function and its potential as a novel anthelmintic drug target. By performing locomotion assays with wild-type adult worms we showed that exogenous BE significantly increased worm motility. This effect was not observed in acr-23 mutants, indicating that the hypermotility is mediated by ACR-23. The exposure of worms to MNP paralysis and inhibited egg hatching, indicating important anthelmintic ability. Locomotion assays with mutant worms demonstrated that MNP-induced paralysis is mediated by ACR-23 and DEG-3/DES-2, a nAChR present in sensory neurons involved in nociception and chemotaxis. By patch-clamp recordings from cultured C. elegans L1 muscle cells, we described for the first time the properties of BE-elicited single-channel and macroscopic currents. Our study provides novel information aiming at the elucidation of the molecular function and pharmacology of the nAChR family. It also contributes to the understanding of the molecular basis of anthelmintic action, which paves the way for the development of novel drugs. produced the opposite effect, resulting in reduced motility as a function of concentration (EC50 = 50 µM). MNP induced spasticFil: Turani, Ornella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Hernando, Guillermina Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Araujo, Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Bouzat, Cecilia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina24th International C. elegans ConferenceGlasgowEscociaGenetics Society of Americ

The diverse family of Cys-loop receptors in Caenorhabditis elegans: insights from electrophysiological studies

Cys-loop receptors integrate a large family of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast ionotropic responses in vertebrates and invertebrates. Their vital role in converting neurotransmitter recognition into an electrical impulse makes these receptors essential for a great variety of physiological processes. In vertebrates, the Cys-loop receptor family includes the cation-selective channels, nicotinic acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors, and the anion-selective channels, GABAA and glycine receptors, whereas in invertebrates, the repertoire is signifcantly larger. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has the largest known Cys-loop receptor family as well as unique receptors that are absent in vertebrates and constitute attractive targets for anthelmintic drugs. Given the large number and variety of Cys-loop receptor subunits and the multiple possible ways of subunit assembly, C. elegans ofers a large diversity of receptors although only a limited number of them have been characterized to date. C. elegans has emerged as a powerful model for the study of the nervous system and human diseases as well as a model for antiparasitic drug discovery. This nematode has also shown promise in the pharmaceutical industry search for new therapeutic compounds. C. elegans is therefore a powerful model organism to explore the biology and pharmacology of Cys-loop receptors and their potential as targets for novel therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of what is known about the function of C. elegans Cysloop receptors from an electrophysiological perspectiveFil: Hernando, Guillermina Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Turani, Ornella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Araujo, Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Bouzat, Cecilia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

The nematode serotonin-gated chloride channel MOD-1: A novel target for anthelmintic therapy

Anthelmintics are used to treat human and veterinary parasitic diseases and to reduce crop and livestock production loss associated with parasitosis. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a model system for anthelmintic drug discovery, has a serotonin (5-HT)-gated chloride channel, MOD-1, which belongs to the Cys-loop receptor family and modulates locomotory and behavioral functions. Since MOD-1 is unique to nematodes, it is emerging as an attractive anthelmintic drug target, but details of MOD-1 function are unclear. Here, we revealed novel aspects of MOD-1 function from the molecular level to the organism level and identified compounds targeting this receptor, which may provide new directions for anthelmintic drug discovery. We used whole-cell current recordings from heterologously expressed MOD-1 to show that tryptamine (Tryp), a weak partial agonist of vertebrate serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptors, efficaciously activates MOD-1. A screen for modulators revealed that GABAergic ligands piperazine (PZE) and muscimol reduce 5-HT-elicited currents, thus identifying novel MOD-1 allosteric inhibitors. Next, we performed locomotor activity assays, and we found 5-HT and Tryp rapidly decrease worm motility, which is reversible only at low 5-HT concentrations. Mutants lacking MOD-1 are partially resistant to both drugs, demonstrating its role in locomotion. Acting as an antagonist of MOD-1, we showed PZE reduces the locomotor effects of exogenous 5-HT. Therefore, Tryp- and PZE-derived compounds, acting at MOD-1 through different molecular mechanisms, emerge as promising anthelmintic agents. This study enhances our knowledge of the function and drug selectivity of Cys-loop receptors and postulates MOD-1 as a potential target for anthelmintic therapy.Fil: Rodriguez Araujo, Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Hernando, Guillermina Silvana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Corradi, Jeremias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Bouzat, Cecilia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

How to study basement membrane stiffness as a biophysical trigger in prostate cancer and other age-related pathologies or metabolic diseases

Here we describe a protocol that can be used to study the biophysical microenvironment related to increased thickness and stiffness of the basement membrane (BM) during age-related pathologies and metabolic disorders (e.g. cancer, diabetes, microvascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy). The premise of the model is non-enzymatic crosslinking of reconstituted BM (rBM) matrix by treatment with glycolaldehyde (GLA) to promote advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) generation via the Maillard reaction. Examples of laboratory techniques that can be used to confirm AGE generation, non-enzymatic crosslinking and increased stiffness in GLA treated rBM are outlined. These include preparation of native rBM (treated with phosphate-buffered saline, PBS) and stiff rBM (treated with GLA) for determination of: its AGE content by photometric analysis and immunofluorescent microscopy, its non-enzymatic crosslinking by ((sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)) (SDS PAGE) as well as confocal microscopy, and its increased stiffness using rheometry. The procedure described here can be used to increase the rigidity (elastic moduli, E) of rBM up to 3.2-fold, consistent with measurements made in healthy versus diseased human prostate tissue. To recreate the biophysical microenvironment associated with the aging and diseased prostate gland three prostate cell types were introduced on to native rBM and stiff rBM: RWPE-1, prostate epithelial cells (PECs) derived from a normal prostate gland; BPH-1, PECs derived from a prostate gland affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); and PC3, metastatic cells derived from a secondary bone tumor originating from prostate cancer. Multiple parameters can be measured, including the size, shape and invasive characteristics of the 3D glandular acini formed by RWPE-1 and BPH-1 on native versus stiff rBM, and average cell length, migratory velocity and persistence of cell movement of 3D spheroids formed by PC3 cells under the same conditions. Cell signaling pathways and the subcellular localization of proteins can also be assessed

Acercamiento a la intervención de las profesionales del Trabajo Social en materia de violencia de género en dos ciudades de México

En el presente artículo, documentamos la intervención que realizan las profesionales del Trabajo Social ante la violencia de género a partir de los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la investigación cualitativa que realizamos en dos ciudades de México: Guadalajara y Colima, donde se llevaron a cabo entrevistas en profundidad a trabajadoras sociales que se desempeñan profesionalmente en instituciones y asociaciones dedicadas a atender la violencia de género. El objetivo de la investigación es explorar el papel que desempeñan las y los profesionales del Trabajo Social en materia de prevención y atención de la violencia de género, así como identificar la relevancia de su formación académica en su ejercicio profesional. Ilustramos la intervención profesional que realizan a partir de los relatos vertidos por las trabajadoras sociales durante la entrevista que realizamos. Utilizamos el software MaxQDA 20 para analizar cada una de las entrevistas a partir de las siguientes categorías: formación académica, experiencia profesional, sujetos de intervención, identidad profesional, metodologías de intervención. Entre los hallazgos identificamos que los conocimientos adquiridos durante su formación académica en materia de género juegan un papel importante en su desempeño profesional, ya que les proporciona los conocimientos y competencias necesarias para desempeñarse profesionalmente en este ámbito de intervención. Finalmente concluimos que los planes de estudio de esta carrera deben contar con cursos y contenidos en materia de género y violencia de género, que fortalezcan la intervención de las personas profesionales del Trabajo Social en los diferentes ámbitos de intervención, así como la pertinencia de ofrecer diplomados y especialidades en materia de género

Neonatal exposure to xenoestrogens impairs the ovarian response to gonadotropin treatment in lambs

Bisphenol A (BPA) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) are xenoestrogens which have been associated with altered effects on reproduction. We hypothesized that neonatal xenoestrogen exposure affects the ovarian functionality in lambs. Thus, we evaluated the ovarian response to exogenous ovine Follicle Stimulating Hormone (oFSH) administered from postnatal day 30 (PND30) to PND32 in female lambs previously exposed to low doses of DES or BPA (BPA50: 50 μg/kg.day, BPA0.5: 0.5 μg/kg.day) from PND1 to PND14. We determined: a) follicular growth, b) circulating levels of E2, c) steroid receptors (ERA, ERB, AR) and atresia, d) mRNA expression levels of the ovarian bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) system (BMP6, BMP15, BMP receptor type 1B, GDF9) and FSH receptor (FSHR). Lambs neonatally exposed to DES or BPA showed an impaired ovarian response to oFSH with a lower number of follicles ≥2 mm together with a lower number of atretic follicles and no increase in E2 serum levels in response to oFSH treatment. In addition, AR induction by oFSH was disrupted in granulosa and theca cells of lambs exposed to DES or BPA. An increase in GDF9 mRNA expression levels was observed in oFSH-primed lambs previously treated with DES or BPA50. In contrast, a decrease in BMPR1B was observed in BPA0.5-postnatally exposed lambs. The modifications in AR, GDF9 and BMPR1B may be associated with the altered ovarian function due to neonatal xenoestrogen exposure in response to an exogenous gonadotropin stimulus. These alterations may be the pathophysiological basis of subfertility syndrome in adulthood.Fil: Rivera, Oscar E.. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Varayoud, Jorgelina Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Horacio Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Santamaría, Clarisa Guillermina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Bosquiazzo, Veronica Lis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Osti, Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Belmonte, Norberto Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz de Toro, Monica Milagros. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Luque, Enrique Hugo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral; Argentin

Problems and challenges of water and territory management in a dammed urban basin

La construcción de embalses produce transformaciones en las características y funcionamiento de las cuencas hídricas a diferentes escalas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las formas de ocupación y usos del suelo en la cuenca urbana embalsada del Lago del Fuerte (Buenos Aires, Argentina), las cuales son producidas por la superposición de actores, lógicas e intereses diversos. Además, se evalúan las problemáticas asociadas al embalse emanadas de las dinámicas propias del sistema socio-ecológico. La investigación combinó el uso de técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas para el tratamiento de información primaria y secundaria. Se realizó observación documental -periódicos locales, normativa vigente a escalas nacional, provincial y local-, relevamiento y observación directa en campo y entrevistas a informantes calificados. Se evidenció la superposición de actores y marcos regulatorios sobre el área de estudio, así como modificaciones en el uso del suelo con el consiguiente desarrollo e intensificación de problemáticas sobre la calidad del agua del embalse. Se torna imperioso profundizar en el desarrollo de una visión integral del territorio y de los recursos hídricos que articule a su vez los diferentes actores involucrados en el uso, regulación y gestión del área de estudio.The construction of reservoirs produces transformations in the water basins features and functioning at different scales. On the one hand, this work aims to analyze the occupation modes and land uses in the Lago del Fuerte dammed urban basin (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) produced by the overlap of diverse stakeholders, logics, and interests. On the other hand, it aims to evaluate the problems associated with the reservoir arising from the dynamics of the socioecological system. The research combined the use of quantitative and qualitative techniques for the analysis of primary and secondary information. Documental observation was carried out with local newspapers and current regulations at national, provincial, and local scales, a survey, direct field observation, and interviews to qualified informants. The overlapping of stakeholders and regulatory frameworks on the study area was evidenced. Also, modifications of land uses, together with the development and intensification of problems on the water quality of the reservoir were detected. The results show that it has become compelling to work on a comprehensive vision of territory and water resources that articulates simultaneously different stakeholders involved in the use, regulation, and management of the study area.Fil: Cifuentes, Marisol Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Jacinto, Guillermina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Sociales de América Latina; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Corina Iris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. Centro de Investigación y Estudios Ambientales; Argentin

Development of Taenia pisiformis in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

The life cycle of Taenia pisiformis includes canines as definitive hosts and rabbits as intermediate hosts. Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is a rodent that has been successfully used as experimental model of Taenia solium taeniosis. In the present study we describe the course of T. pisiformis infection in experimentally infected golden hamsters. Ten females, treated with methyl-prednisolone acetate were infected with three T. pisiformis cysticerci each one excised from one rabbit. Proglottids released in faeces and adults recovered during necropsy showed that all animals were infected. Eggs obtained from the hamsters' tapeworms, were assessed for viability using trypan blue or propidium iodide stains. Afterwards, some rabbits were inoculated with eggs, necropsy was performed after seven weeks and viable cysticerci were obtained. Our results demonstrate that the experimental model of adult Taenia pisiformis in golden hamster can replace the use of canines in order to study this parasite and to provide eggs and adult tapeworms to be used in different types of experiments