2 research outputs found

    Epigenetic deregulation of WT1 and AWT1 in hematological maligancies

    No full text
    En l鈥櫭簂tima d猫cada, s鈥檋a posat en evid猫ncia que el c脿ncer 茅s tant una malaltia gen猫tica com epigen猫tica. La desregulaci贸 epigen猫tica pot afectar molts processos cel路lulars, com s贸n el silenciament de gens supressors de tumors, l鈥檃ctivaci贸 d鈥檕nc貌gens, l鈥檌nestabilitat gen貌mica i/o la desregulaci贸 d鈥檈xpressi贸 de gens impremtats. Aquesta 煤ltima, 茅s l鈥檈xpressi贸 monoal路l猫lica parental dictada a trav茅s de regions de metilaci贸 diferencial, heretades de la l铆nia germinal. Aquests gens, en c脿ncer es troben pertorbats, contribuint a la iniciaci贸 i progressi贸 del c脿ncer. En neopl脿sies hematol貌giques es desconeix la desregulaci贸 d鈥檃quests transcrits. El gen WT1, segons els seu context cel路lular, pot actuar com un suppressor de tumors o com un oncogen, a m茅s a m茅s, presenta unes isoformes d鈥檈xpressi贸 paterna, el transcrit alternatiu AWT1 i l鈥檃ntisense WT1-AS. Aquesta expressi贸 al路l猫lica es creu que 茅s regulada per una regi贸 diferencialment metilada (DMR), coneguda com la regi贸 reguladora de WT1 antisense. Curiosament, l'expressi贸 de WT1 est脿 desregulada en neopl脿sies hematol貌giques, i s'utilitza rutin脿riament com un marcador residual de la malaltia en leuc猫mies mieloides agudes. S鈥檋a caracteritzat l鈥檈pigen猫tica de les regions promotores de WT1 i AWT1, per identificar el mecanisme que condueix a l'expressi贸 aberrant, i si la p猫rdua d'empremta n鈥櫭﹕ la causa. Utilitzant diverses t猫cniques moleculars no es va ser capa莽 d'identificar la metilaci贸 al路l猫lica dins de l'interval del promotor de WT1, per貌 tot i aix貌 s鈥檕bserva un augment temporal en la metilaci贸, coherent amb resultats publicats pr猫viament. Malgrat no trobar aquesta regi贸 impremtada, s鈥檕bserva que aquesta regi贸 s鈥檋ipermetila amb freq眉猫ncia en leuc猫mies i limfomes, i que la hipermetilaci贸 del promotor AWT1 es produeix en el 100% de l铆nies cel路lulars d鈥橝ML, malgrat els alts nivells d鈥檈xpressi贸. A m茅s a m茅s, la hipermetilaci贸 s'associa amb un canvi concomitant en les modificacions d'histones, d鈥檜n estat permissiu a un estat d鈥檋eterocromatina. En l鈥檃n脿lisi de metilaci贸 de DNA en mes de 169 mostres de leuc猫mia prim脿ria, es va observar una hipermetilaci贸 en un 89% de les mostres de AML, independentment de mutacions i/o translocacions/fusions, a m茅s a m茅s de ser un marcador molecular prometedor per a la AML, amb un valor predictiu positiu de 100% i valor predictiu negatiu de 87,6%. Malgrat aquest perfil epigen猫tic extens, tant a nivell de promotor com a nivell de miRNA, l'煤nica correlaci贸 que s鈥檕bserva amb l鈥檈xpressi贸 de WT1/AWT1 en AML 茅s la co-expressi贸 del factor de transcripci贸, GATA-2, que s'uneix a un enhancer situat al 3'UTR de WT1. Aquesta observaci贸, porta a la hip貌tesi que GATA-2 indueix l鈥檈xpressi贸 de WT1/AWT1, i aquest inicia un mecanisme autoregulador en qu猫 interactua WT1 i recluta les metiltransferases d'DNA als llocs d鈥檜ni贸 de WT1/EGR-1 al promotor d鈥橝WT1 hipermetilant-lo.Intense research over the past decade has revealed that cancer is much an epigenetic as a genetic disease. The epigenetic deregulation can disrupt many cellular processes resulting in silencing of tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, genome instability and inappropriate imprinted gene expression. The latter process is the parental of origin monoallelic expression that is dictated by regions of differential methylation inherited from the germline, that when disrupted contributes to the initiation and progression of cancer. In hematological malignancies very little is known about the deregulation of imprinted transcripts. The WT1 gene has various transcripts that act as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene depending on the cellular context, and for which paternal expression of the alternative AWT1 and antisense isoforms has been reported. This allelic expression is postulated to be regulated by a tissue-specific differential methylation region (DMR), known as the WT1-antisense regulatory region. Interestingly, WT1 expression is aberrantly up regulated in hematological malignancies and is routinely used as a molecular marker for minimal residue of disease in acute myeloid leukemia. Herein, we have fully characterized the epigenetic landscape encompassing the WT1 and AWT1 promoter regions in an attempt to identify the mechanism leading to aberrant expression, and whether loss-of-imprinting is routinely observed. Using various molecular techniques we fail to identify allelic methylation within the WT1 promoter interval, but we observe a temporal increase in methylation that is consistent with previous reports. Despite conclusive evidences for lack of imprinting, we found that the region frequently becomes hypermethylated in leukemias and lymphomas, and that hypermethylation of the AWT1 promoter occurs in 100 % of AML cell lines despite the high expression levels. Further characterization of myeloid derived leukemia cell lines revealed that this cancer-associated hypermethylation is associated with a concomitant switch in histone modifications, from a permissive to a heterochromatic state. DNA methylation analysis in more than 169 primary leukemia samples revealed that this hypermethylated signature occurs in 89% of AML samples, independent of underlying mutations or translocation/fusion proteins, and is a promising molecular marker for AML, having a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 87.6%. Despite this extensive epigenetic profiling, both at the promoter and at the miRNA level, the only correlation we observe with WT1/AWT1 expression in AML is the co-expression of the transcription factor, GATA-2, which binds to the enhancer located in the 3鈥橴TR of WT1. This observation, lead us to hypothesize that GATA-2 induced expression of WT1 initiating an auto-regulative mechanism in which WT1 interacts and recruits the DNA methyltransferases to degenerative WT1/EGR-1 binding sites within the AWT1 promoter, leading to its hypermethylation

    Epigenetic deregulation of WT1 and AWT1 in hematological maligancies [i.e. malignancies]

    No full text
    En l'煤ltima d猫cada, s'ha posat en evid猫ncia que el c脿ncer 茅s tant una malaltia gen猫tica com epigen猫tica. La desregulaci贸 epigen猫tica pot afectar molts processos cel路lulars, com s贸n el silenciament de gens supressors de tumors, l'activaci贸 d'onc貌gens, l'inestabilitat gen貌mica i/o la desregulaci贸 d'expressi贸 de gens impremtats. Aquesta 煤ltima, 茅s l'expressi贸 monoal路l猫lica parental dictada a trav茅s de regions de metilaci贸 diferencial, heretades de la l铆nia germinal. Aquests gens, en c脿ncer es troben pertorbats, contribuint a la iniciaci贸 i progressi贸 del c脿ncer. En neopl脿sies hematol貌giques es desconeix la desregulaci贸 d'aquests transcrits. El gen WT1, segons els seu context cel路lular, pot actuar com un suppressor de tumors o com un oncogen, a m茅s a m茅s, presenta unes isoformes d'expressi贸 paterna, el transcrit alternatiu AWT1 i l'antisense WT1-AS. Aquesta expressi贸 al路l猫lica es creu que 茅s regulada per una regi贸 diferencialment metilada (DMR), coneguda com la regi贸 reguladora de WT1 antisense. Curiosament, l'expressi贸 de WT1 est脿 desregulada en neopl脿sies hematol貌giques, i s'utilitza rutin脿riament com un marcador residual de la malaltia en leuc猫mies mieloides agudes. S'ha caracteritzat l'epigen猫tica de les regions promotores de WT1 i AWT1, per identificar el mecanisme que condueix a l'expressi贸 aberrant, i si la p猫rdua d'empremta n'茅s la causa. Utilitzant diverses t猫cniques moleculars no es va ser capa莽 d'identificar la metilaci贸 al路l猫lica dins de l'interval del promotor de WT1, per貌 tot i aix貌 s'observa un augment temporal en la metilaci贸, coherent amb resultats publicats pr猫viament. Malgrat no trobar aquesta regi贸 impremtada, s'observa que aquesta regi贸 s'hipermetila amb freq眉猫ncia en leuc猫mies i limfomes, i que la hipermetilaci贸 del promotor AWT1 es produeix en el 100% de l铆nies cel路lulars d'AML, malgrat els alts nivells d'expressi贸. A m茅s a m茅s, la hipermetilaci贸 s'associa amb un canvi concomitant en les modificacions d'histones, d'un estat permissiu a un estat d'heterocromatina. En l'an脿lisi de metilaci贸 de DNA en mes de 169 mostres de leuc猫mia prim脿ria, es va observar una hipermetilaci贸 en un 89% de les mostres de AML, independentment de mutacions i/o translocacions/fusions, a m茅s a m茅s de ser un marcador molecular prometedor per a la AML, amb un valor predictiu positiu de 100% i valor predictiu negatiu de 87,6%. Malgrat aquest perfil epigen猫tic extens, tant a nivell de promotor com a nivell de miRNA, l'煤nica correlaci贸 que s'observa amb l'expressi贸 de WT1/AWT1 en AML 茅s la co-expressi贸 del factor de transcripci贸, GATA-2, que s'uneix a un enhancer situat al 3'UTR de WT1. Aquesta observaci贸, porta a la hip貌tesi que GATA-2 indueix l'expressi贸 de WT1/AWT1, i aquest inicia un mecanisme autoregulador en qu猫 interactua WT1 i recluta les metiltransferases d'DNA als llocs d'uni贸 de WT1/EGR-1 al promotor d'AWT1 hipermetilant-lo.Intense research over the past decade has revealed that cancer is much an epigenetic as a genetic disease. The epigenetic deregulation can disrupt many cellular processes resulting in silencing of tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, genome instability and inappropriate imprinted gene expression. The latter process is the parental of origin monoallelic expression that is dictated by regions of differential methylation inherited from the germline, that when disrupted contributes to the initiation and progression of cancer. In hematological malignancies very little is known about the deregulation of imprinted transcripts. The WT1 gene has various transcripts that act as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene depending on the cellular context, and for which paternal expression of the alternative AWT1 and antisense isoforms has been reported. This allelic expression is postulated to be regulated by a tissue-specific differential methylation region (DMR), known as the WT1-antisense regulatory region. Interestingly, WT1 expression is aberrantly up regulated in hematological malignancies and is routinely used as a molecular marker for minimal residue of disease in acute myeloid leukemia. Herein, we have fully characterized the epigenetic landscape encompassing the WT1 and AWT1 promoter regions in an attempt to identify the mechanism leading to aberrant expression, and whether loss-of-imprinting is routinely observed. Using various molecular techniques we fail to identify allelic methylation within the WT1 promoter interval, but we observe a temporal increase in methylation that is consistent with previous reports. Despite conclusive evidences for lack of imprinting, we found that the region frequently becomes hypermethylated in leukemias and lymphomas, and that hypermethylation of the AWT1 promoter occurs in 100 % of AML cell lines despite the high expression levels. Further characterization of myeloid derived leukemia cell lines revealed that this cancer-associated hypermethylation is associated with a concomitant switch in histone modifications, from a permissive to a heterochromatic state. DNA methylation analysis in more than 169 primary leukemia samples revealed that this hypermethylated signature occurs in 89% of AML samples, independent of underlying mutations or translocation/fusion proteins, and is a promising molecular marker for AML, having a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 87.6%. Despite this extensive epigenetic profiling, both at the promoter and at the miRNA level, the only correlation we observe with WT1/AWT1 expression in AML is the co-expression of the transcription factor, GATA-2, which binds to the enhancer located in the 3'UTR of WT1. This observation, lead us to hypothesize that GATA-2 induced expression of WT1 initiating an auto-regulative mechanism in which WT1 interacts and recruits the DNA methyltransferases to degenerative WT1/EGR-1 binding sites within the AWT1 promoter, leading to its hypermethylation
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