Profile of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mortality in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease

INTRODUCTION: The present study examines cardiovascular risk factor profiles and 24-month mortality in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. DESIGN STUDY: Prospective observational study including 75 consecutive patients with PAD (67 ± 9.7 years of age; 52 men and 23 women) hospitalized for planned peripheral vascular reconstruction. Doppler echocardiograms were performed before surgery in 54 cases. Univariate analyses were performed using Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test. Survival analysis at 24-month follow-up was performed using the Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier method including age and chronic use of aspirin as covariates. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Hypertension and smoking were the most frequent risk factors (52 cases and 51 cases, respectively), followed by diabetes (32 cases). Undertreated dyslipidemia was found in 26 cases. Fasting glycine levels (131 ± 69.1 mg/dl) were elevated in 29 cases. Myocardial hypertrophy was found in 18 out of 54 patients. Thirty-four patients had been treated with aspirin. Overall mortality over 24 months was 24% and was associated with age (HR: 0.064; CI95: 0.014-0.115; p=0.013) and lack of use of aspirin, as no deaths occurred among those using this drug (p<0.001). No association was found between cardiovascular death (11 cases) and the other risk factors. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of uncontrolled (treated or untreated) cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing planned peripheral vascular reconstruction, and chronic use of aspirin is associated with reduced all-cause mortality in these patients

The Hertel classification can't predict the risk of humeral head osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis using an anterolateral approach

Background: Proximal humeral fractures can progress to osteonecrosis of the humeral head. Hertel developed a binary classification system (12&nbsp;subtypes) and demonstrated that some patterns have more risk to develop osteonecrosis. Hertel described the prevalence and the risk factors for Humeral head osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis using a Deltopectoral approach. Few studies have evaluated the prevalence and the capacity of Hertel's classification to predict Humeral Head osteonecrosis following osteosynthesis of proximal Humeral fractures through the anterolateral approach. The objectives of this study were to correlate osteonecrosis predictors established by the Hertel classification with the risk of developing osteonecrosis and its prevalence after osteosynthesis using the anterolateral approach. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent osteosynthesis of proximal humerus fractures using an anterolateral approach. Patients were divided into two groups: high risk for necrosis (group&nbsp;1) and low risk for necrosis (group&nbsp;2) according to Hertel's criteria. The overall prevalence of osteonecrosis and the prevalence in each group were calculated. A radiological examination was performed in the true anteroposterior (Grashey), scapular, and axillary views, before and after the operation (minimum&nbsp;1 year after surgery). A Kaplan-Meier curve was used to assess the pattern of the temporal evolution of osteonecrosis. The groups were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The unpaired t-test (parametric variables – age) and the Mann-Whitney test (non-parametric time between trauma and surgery) were used. Results: In total, 39&nbsp;patients were evaluated. The postoperative follow-up time was&nbsp;14.5 ± 3.3&nbsp;months. The time to onset of necrosis was&nbsp;14.1 ± 3.9&nbsp;months. Sex, age, and time between trauma and surgery did not influence the risk of necrosis. Type&nbsp;2, 9, 10, 11, and&nbsp;12, or fractures with posteromedial head extension less than or equal to&nbsp;8&nbsp;mm, or diaphysis deviation greater than&nbsp;2&nbsp;mm, as well as grouping did not influence the risk for osteonecrosis. Conclusions: Hertel's criteria were not able to predict the development of osteonecrosis after osteosynthesis of proximal humerus fractures performed through the anterolateral approach. The total prevalence of osteonecrosis was&nbsp;17.9%&nbsp;with a tendency toward an increased incidence after&nbsp;1&nbsp;year of surgical treatment

Functional evaluation of patients with surgically treated terrible triad of the elbow

Objectives: To evaluate the functional outcome of patients with surgically treated terrible triad of the elbow. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was performed using the MEPS score (Mayo Elbow Performance Score) of patients diagnosed with terrible triad of the elbow who underwent surgical treatment. Results: 14 patients (nine men and five women) and 15 elbows (one bilateral case) were evaluated. A MEPS average score of 78 points and 86% good and excellent results was obtained. As complications, we had one case of infection and three of neuropraxia of the ulnar nerve. Conclusion: The patients had stable elbow with good function, however with reduced range of motion233138141sem informaçã

Fracture Of Distal Humerus: Mipo Technique With Visualization Of The Radial Nerve.

To evaluate the outcomes in patients treated for humerus distal third fractures with MIPO technique and visualization of the radial nerve by an accessory approach, in those without radial palsy before surgery. The patients were treated with MIPO technique. The visualization and isolation of the radial nerve was done by an approach between the brachialis and the brachiorradialis, with an oblique incision, in the lateral side of the arm. MEPS was used to evaluate the elbow function. Seven patients were evaluated with a mean age of 29.8 years old. The average follow up was 29.85 months. The radial neuropraxis after surgery occurred in three patients. The sensorial recovery occurred after 3.16 months on average and also of the motor function, after 5.33 months on average, in all patients. We achieved fracture consolidation in all patients (M=4.22 months). The averages for flexion-extension and prono-supination were 112.85° and 145°, respectively. The MEPS average score was 86.42. There was no case of infection. This approach allowed excluding a radial nerve interposition on site of the fracture and/or under the plate, showing a high level of consolidation of the fracture and a good evolution of the range of movement of the elbow. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.22300-

Prognostic factors in patients with breast cancer metastasis in the fêmur treated surgically

Orientador: Maurício EtchebehereDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: O carcinoma de mama é a neoplasia mais frequente no mundo desenvolvido e a segunda mais frequente no Brasil. O diagnóstico tardio da doença é associado frequentemente com a presença de metástases ósseas. No esqueleto apendicular, o fêmur é o local mais acometido. As lesões femorais muitas vezes levam a fratura. Fatores prognósticos na mortalidade de pacientes com metástase óssea oriundas de neoplasias em geral estão relatados na literatura. Entretanto, não há relato específico de fatores prognósticos nas pacientes com metástases de neoplasia de mama no fêmur submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico. A determinação dos fatores prognósticos em portadores de metástase óssea auxilia na decisão terapêutica para cada paciente. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar os fatores clínicos e ortopédicos relacionados à mortalidade nesta coorte de pacientes. O estudo retrospectivo incluiu quarenta e um pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico da metástase femoral. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: número e local das metástases ósseas e viscerais, presença de fratura patológica no fêmur, técnica cirúrgica empregada e exames laboratoriais (hematócrito, hemoglobina, ureia e creatinina). Tais fatores foram correlacionados com a mortalidade utilizando-se o método de COX de regressão logística multivariada e também a construção de curvas de mortalidade de Kaplan Meier testada pelo método de log-rank. O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 37 meses. Houve alta prevalência de múltiplas metástases associadas a fraturas patológicas no momento do ato cirúrgico. A mortalidade foi elevada e precoce. A localização subtrocantérica e distal, a presença de fratura, presença de anemia e alteração na função renal associaram-se a maior mortalidade. O tipo de implante, o número de metástase óssea e a presença de metástase em outros órgãos não influenciaram na mortalidade. Conclui-se que as lesões metastáticas no fêmur devem ser tratadas cirurgicamente o mais rapidamente possível, independentemente do implante utilizado, para evitar a fraturaAbstract: Breast carcinoma is a common malignancy in the developed world and in Brazil. Late diagnosis of the disease is frequently associated with bone metastasis. In the appendicular skeleton, the femur is most commonly affected. The lesions often lead to femoral fractures. Prognostic factors of mortality in patients with bone metastases originating from cancers in general have been reported. However, there is no specific report of prognostic factors in relation to breast cancer metastasis in the femur surgically treated. The determination of prognostic factors in patients with bone metastasis can assist in therapeutic decisions for each patient. The aim of this study was to determine clinical and orthopedic factors related to mortality in patients with breast cancer and metastases to the femur underwent surgical treatment. This was a retrospective cohort study and included 41 patients undergoing surgical treatment of femoral metastases. We analyzed the following variables: number and location of bone metastases, visceral metastases, presence of pathological fracture, fixation method, and laboratory tests. These factors were correlated with mortality using Cox multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier curves. The average follow-up was 37 months. There was a high prevalence of multiple metastases associated with pathological fractures at the time of surgery. Mortality was high and early. Subtrochanteric location, the presence of fractures, anemia, and alterations in renal function were associated with higher mortality. The fixation method (synthesis or prosthesis / endoprosthesis), the number of bone metastases, and the presence of metastasis in other organs did not affect mortality.Breast cancer with metastasis to the femur is an advanced disease with early mortality. Clinical and orthopedic factors should be considered as soon as possible when lesions occur, regardless of the type of implant usedMestradoFisiopatologia CirúrgicaMestre em Ciência

Vias de acesso anterolaterais para osteossíntese do úmero proximal: uma revisão sistemática

Anterolateral approaches for proximal humerus osteosynthesis have great advantages because they allow direct exposure of the lateral aspect of the humerus without the muscular retraction seen in the deltopectoral approach. However, much resistance is found among surgeons due to the potential risk of iatrogenic injury to the axillary nerve. To identify the incidence of axillary nerve iatrogenic lesions and evaluate the functional results of proximal humerus osteosynthesis with locking plates using anterolateral approaches. Methods: The literature review followed the PRISMA protocol. Results: A total of 23 articles were selected from 786 patients submitted to anterolateral approaches. Three cases (0.38%) of iatrogenic axillary nerve lesions were confirmed. The results of the functional tests were similar to those of the deltopectoral approach. Conclusion: Anterolateral approaches are a viable and safe alternative for proximal humerus osteosynthesis with locking plate. Subacromial impingement was the most frequent complication273178182sem informaçãoAs vias de acesso anterolaterais para a osteossíntese do úmero proximal permitem a exposição direta do aspecto lateral do úmero sem necessitar das retrações musculares da via deltopeitoral. Contudo, há grande preocupação com a possibilidade de lesão iatrogênica do nervo axilar e consequente piora no resultado funcional pós-operatório. Identificar a incidência de lesões iatrogênicas do nervo axilar e avaliar os resultados funcionais da osteossíntese do úmero proximal com placas bloqueadas, utilizando as vias anterolaterais. Métodos: Revisão da literatura seguindo o protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Foram selecionados 23 artigos do total de 786 indivíduos submetidos às vias de acesso anterolaterais. Foram confirmados 3 casos (0,38%) de lesões iatrogênicas do nervo axilar. Os resultados dos testes funcionais foram semelhantes aos da via deltopeitoral. Conclusão: As vias de acesso anterolaterais são uma alternativa viável e segura para a osteossíntese do úmero proximal com placas bloqueadas. Nível de Evidência II, Revisão Sistemáticasem informaçã

Fratura do úmero proximal tratadas com osteossíntese pela via de acesso anterolateral

The main surgical approach in proximal humeral fractures is the deltopectoral approach. Many surgeons avoid the anterolateral approach, fearing its complications, especially axillary nerve injury. The objective of this study is to evaluate shoulder function and complications in patients with proximal humeral fractures treated using an anterolateral approach with direct observation of the axillary nerve. Methods: Retrospective study with postoperative radiological and functional evaluations (Constant and DASH scores) and review of the complications. The associations between fracture classification and the difference in Constant scores among the subjects and the final angle of consolidation were analyzed using Fisher's test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Constant scores were compared among the shoulders using the paired t-test. Results: The study evaluated 35 patients. Shoulder function was decreased, compared with the contralateral side (p <0.005). The only factor related to functional worsening was the Neer IV fracture. The main complication was malunion. There were no clinical changes related to the axillary nerve. Conclusion: The treatment using the extended anterolateral approach produced good functional results, although the function was decreased (Neer IV fractures). The main complication was malunion. There were no side effects due to exposure of the axillary nerve273173177sem informaçãoA via de acesso mais utilizada na osteossíntese das fraturas de úmero proximal é a deltopeitoral. A via anterolateral sofre resistência, pois muitos temem suas complicações, principalmente lesão do nervo axilar. Objetivo é avaliar a função do ombro e as complicações nas fraturas de úmero proximal, tratados pela via anterolateral com observação direta do nervo axilar. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com avaliação radiológica e funcional (Constant e DASH scores) pós-operatórios e complicações. A associação entre a classificação da fratura e a diferença dos escores entre os membros, bem como o ângulo final de consolidação, foram analisados pelo Teste de Fisher ou Anova. A comparação dos escores Constant entre os membros foi conduzida pelo teste t pareado. Resultados: foram avaliados 35 pacientes. Houve diminuição da função do ombro em relação ao contralateral (p<0,005). O único fator relacionado à piora funcional foi fratura Neer IV. A principal complicação foi consolidação viciosa. Não se observou alterações clínicas relacionadas ao nervo axilar. Conclusão: A osteossíntese das fraturas do úmero proximal realizada pela via de acesso anterolateral estendida, apesar da diminuição da função do ombro (fraturas Neer IV), evoluiu com bom resultado funcional e mostrou-se segura na proteção do nervo axilar. Nível de evidência III, Estudo Retrospectivosem informaçã