The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in anxiety and panic

This review article focuses on the differential activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in generalized anxiety and panic. The results of experimental studies that assayed adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol and prolactin show that real-life panic attacks as well as those induced by selective panicogenic agents, such as lactate and carbon dioxide, do not activate the HPA axis. Accordingly, experiments carried out in two animal models of panic, namely electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter of the rat and the escape from the open arm of the elevated T maze, have shown that in neither case stress hormones are increased in the plasma. Also in humans, reported results have shown that neither cortisol nor prolactin levels were increased following simulated public speaking, an experimental task that has been related to panic, in either healthy volunteers or patients with panic disorder diagnosis. Therefore, although the panic attack causes a major sympathetic stimulation, it has little effect on the HPA axis. In contrast, anticipatory or generalized anxiety activates both the HPA and the sympatho-adrenal axes.CNPqFMRPUSP - FAEPA - Hospital das Clínica

Estratégia de localização bancária: teoria e evidência empírica aplicada ao estado de Minas Gerais

The paper tried to contribute to the theory of the location of the bank services. At first, there was strong evidence showing that the bank location not only depended on economical factors. The developed model and the results found in the spatial econometrics analysis demonstrated that there is in fact certain spatial dependence in the location strategy of the banks, besides, that the distribution pattern of the agencies in the state of Minas Gerais is being explained through macroeconomics, political and prescriptive factors as well.Banks; Location Strategy; Spatial Econometrics; Minas Gerais

Políticas públicas para meio ambiente no semi-árido brasileiro : regressão Logística com o Modelo PER

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo explicar, através de modelagem estatística, o que leva os municípios, nos termos do modelo Pressão - Estado - Resposta (PER), a adotarem políticas ambientais reativas, nos recortes Brasil, região do Semi-Árido brasileiro e Brasil exclusive Nordeste. As variáveis utilizadas para construir o modelo PER foram selecionadas entre as constantes do Suplemento de Meio Ambiente da Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais (MUNIC), do IBGE, de 2002. As variáveis explicativas do modelo foram obtidas desse mesmo Suplemento e também do questionário de gestão da MUNIC 2002 e do IDH - municipal. Foram também consideradas variáveis relativas às características gerais do município, como faixa de tamanho de população e localização em grande região ou região metropolitana. Os resultados mostram que no Semi-Árido brasileiro, as variáveis de maior peso para explicar as políticas ambientais reativas são as estruturais, apesar da maioria das variáveis, estatisticamente significativas, serem as de gestão pública. A variável relativa ao partido político do prefeito também se mostrou estatisticamente significativa.This paper aims to explain, through statistical modeling, and under model Pressure-State-Response (PER), what leads the municipalities to adopt reactive environmental policies, in the cuts Brazil, the Semi-Arid region, in Northeast Brazil Exclusive Northeast. The variables used to build the model were selected among those of the Supplement to the Environmental Research and Information Cities Basic (MUNIC) of 2002. The explanatory variables of the model were obtained from that same supplement the questionnaire and also from managing statistics of MUNIC 2002 and HDI. Were also considered variables on the general characteristics of the municipality, as track of population and location in large metropolitan area or region. The results show that, in the semi-arid, for the statistically significant variables, the structural ones have high weight, political party of the mayor have importance but most of the variables are about local public management that depend of initiatives of the mayor

Políticas públicas para meio ambiente no semi-árido brasileiro. Regressão Logística com o Modelo PER

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo explicar, através de modelagem estatística, o que leva os municípios, nos termos do modelo Pressão - Estado - Resposta (PER), a adotarem políticas ambientais reativas, nos recortes Brasil, região do Semi-Árido brasileiro e Brasil exclusive Nordeste. As variáveis utilizadas para construir o modelo PER foram selecionadas entre as constantes do Suplemento de Meio Ambiente da Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais (MUNIC), do IBGE, de 2002. As variáveis explicativas do modelo foram obtidas desse mesmo Suplemento e também do questionário de gestão da MUNIC 2002 e do IDH – municipal. Foram também consideradas variáveis relativas às características gerais do município, como faixa de tamanho de população e localização em grande região ou região metropolitana. Os resultados mostram que no Semi-Árido brasileiro, as variáveis de maior peso para explicar as políticas ambientais reativas são as estruturais, apesar da maioria das variáveis, estatisticamente significativas, serem as de gestão pública. A variável relativa ao partido político do prefeito também se mostrou estatisticamente significativa.Semi-Árido; modelo PER; gestão ambiental local; desenvolvimento sustentável

Universidade do Minho. Instalações Definitivas - Braga. Estudo

Estudo técnico para implantação das Instalações definitivas em Braga.Projeto: “História da Universidade do Minho: da criação ao presente. Dinâmicas sócio históricas e expansão da rede universitária portuguesa”. Fundação Carlos Lloyd Braga/Reitoria da Universidade do Minho e CITCEM - Centro de Investigação Transdisciplinar Cultura, Espaço e Memória

An analysis of Brazilian sugarcane bagasse ash behavior under thermal gasification.

Background: Ashes from sugarcane were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, ash content, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). FactSage 6.4 database software was used to estimate viscosity at high temperatures (900 - 1550°C) of them. Results: The results showed that although ashes from sugarcane bagasse contain silica, most of its SiO2 is from soil contamination. Higher and lower silica samples treated at 1350°C for 20 minutes showed that the fine portion of fraction of the ashes melted at this temperature. Conclusions: The melting phase could act as sticking flux for the coarse silica particles on the gasifier bottom wall, which could compromise the gasification process

Panic Disorder: Is the PAG Involved?

Data from studies with humans have suggested that abnormalities of midbrain structures, including the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), could be involved in the neurobiology of panic disorder (PD). The electrical stimulation of the PAG in neurosurgical patients induces panic-like symptoms and the effect of drugs that are effective in the treatment of PD in the simulation of public speaking model of anxiety is in agreement with data from animal models of PD. Structural neuroimaging studies have shown increases in gray matter volume of midbrain and pons of PD patients. There is also evidence of lower serotonin transporter and receptor binding, and increases of metabolism in the midbrain of PD patients. Nevertheless, these midbrain abnormalities can not be considered as specific findings, since neuroimaging data indicate that PD patients have abnormalities in other brain structures that process fear and anxiety