Purification, Conformational Analysis and Cytotoxic Activities of Host-Defense Peptides from the Giant Gladiator Treefrog Boana boans (Hylidae: Hylinae)

International audienceFrogs from the extensive amphibian family Hylidae are a rich source of peptides with therapeutic potential. Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Giant Gladiator Treefrog Boana boans (Hylidae: Hylinae) collected in Trinidad led to the isolation and structural characterization of five host-defense peptides with limited structural similarity to figainin 2 and picturin peptides from other frog species belonging to the genus Boana. In addition, the skin secretions contained high concentrations of tryptophyllin-BN (WRPFPFL) in both C-terminally α-amidated and non-amidated forms. Figainin 2BN (FLGVALKLGKVLG KALLPLASSLLHSQ) and picturin 1BN (GIFKDTLKKVVAAVLTTVADNIHPK) adopt α-helical conformations in trifluroethanol–water mixtures and in the presence of cell membrane models (sodium dodecylsulfate and dodecylphosphocholine micelles). The CD data also indicate contributions from turn structures. Both peptides and picturin 2BN (GLMDMLKKVGKVALT VAKSALLP) inhibited the growth of clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values in the range 7.8–62.5 µM. Figainin 2BN was potently cytotoxic to A549, MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 human tumor-derived cells (LC50 = 7–14 µM) but displayed comparable potency against non-neoplastic HUVEC cells (LC50 = 15 µM) indicative of lack of selectivity for cancer cells

Experiencing transitions in life of mothers of young children

V magistrskem delu smo raziskovali doživljanje življenjskih prehodov mater majhnih otrok. Teoretični del je bil namenjen pregledu literature s področja blagostanja, življenjskih prehodov in materinstva. Za raziskovanje doživljanja življenjskih prehodov je bil uporabljen psihološko fenomenološki pristop. V skladu s tem smo pridobili vpogled v doživljanje šestih udeleženk, hkrati pa vnaprej nismo predvidevali rezultatov ali postavljali hipotez. Cilj psihološko fenomenološke metode je bil oblikovati splošni opis bistvenih značilnosti doživljanja oziroma osnovne strukture, ki določa raziskovano doživljanje. Na podlagi intervjujev smo oblikovali splošno strukturo doživljanja življenjskih prehodov pri materah majhnih otrok. Ugotovili smo, da je za polovico udeleženk materinstvo najpomembnejši prehod v življenju, za ostale tri pa je na drugem mestu. Bistvene spremembe prehoda v materinstvo je mogoče razdeliti na dva dela: povzamejo občutenje, ki se dotika drugih in okolice ter občutenje, ki jih ima ženska do same sebe. Prav tako materinstvo pomembno zaznamuje doživljanje na področju telesnega, relacijskega, čustvenega in duhovnega blagostanja. Vpogled v doživljanje življenjskih prehodov pri materah majhnih otrok, ki ga daje ta raziskava, je lahko uporabna in v pomoč ljudem, ki profesionalno delujejo na področju psihologije, psihoterapije ali na katerem drugem profesionalnem področju, ki vključuje delo z ljudmi, še posebej z ženskami. Kot tako, bo lahko omogočilo pripravo strokovnih smernic programov za ženske, priprave na starševstvo ali podporne skupine za ženske. Verjamemo pa, da bo delo v pomoč tudi tistim, ki si želijo pridobiti vedenje in znanje o tej tematiki, saj lahko služi kot pomoč pri razumevanju doživljanja žensk, ko se te soočajo z življenjskimi prehodi, predvsem s prehodom v materinstvo.This Masters thesis researches how mothers with young children dealt with and experienced their life transition to the role of being a mother. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the literature review from the fields of welfare, life transitions and motherhood. A psychological-phenomenological approach has been used to research the life transitions. Based on this an insight into the transition experience of six women has been received, whereas there were no predictions on the outcome or setting hypothesis. The goal of the psychological-phenomenological method is to form a general description of key characteristics or the basic structure, which describe the researched transition. Based on performed interviews a general structure of experiencing the life transitions with mothers with young children has been made. The results show that for half of women experiencing motherhood is the most important transition in life, whereas the other three placed it to the second position in importance of life transitions. Key changes in the transition to the motherhood can be divided to feelings referring to the surrounding and others and secondly, feelings which a woman experiences with regard to herself. Motherhood also significantly affects woman’s relations to physical, relational, emotional and spiritual well-being. Insight to experiencing the life transitions with mothers with young children which this research offers, is useful and of help to anyone who is professionally involved in the fields of psychology, psychotherapy or any other related field which involves working with people, especially women. As such the thesis can enable preparation of professional guidelines and programs for women, parenthood preparations or support groups for women. We believe, that thesis will also assist to those, that would like to develop knowledge on this topic as it can serve as outreach at understanding of experiencing of women, when these are deal with different life transitions, particulary transition to the motherhood

LE COMPLEXE DE LA GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE (CARACTERISATION STRUCTURALE ET DYNAMIQUE DE LA PROTEINE H)

CHEZ LES PLANTES SUPERIEURES, LE COMPLEXE DE LA GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE POSSEDE UNE ROLE CLE DANS LE CYCLE DE LA PHOTORESPIRATION. IL CATALYSE LA DECARBOXYLATION OXYDATIVE DE LA GLYCINE GRACE A L'ACTION CONCERTEE DE QUATRE ENZYMES (P, H, T, L). LA PROTEINE H, QUI CONTIENT UN GROUPEMENT LIPOATE LIE DE FACON COVALENTE A UN RESIDU LYSINE, JOUE UN ROLE CENTRAL DANS LE MECANISME REACTIONNEL. ELLE SE COMPORTE COMME UN VERITABLE SUBSTRAT ET INTERAGIT SUCCESSIVEMENT AVEC LES TROIS AUTRES PROTEINES. DURANT LE CYCLE CATALYTIQUE, SON COFACTEUR, LE LIPOATE, PASSE ALORS DE LA FORME OXYDEE (HOX), A LA FORME CHARGEE EN METHYLAMINE PUIS A LA FORME REDUITE (HRED). AFIN D'AMELIORER LA COMPREHENSION DU MODE DE FONCTIONNEMENT DE LA GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE, DES ETUDES STRUCTURALES ET BIOCHIMIQUES DE LA PROTEINE H ONT ETE REALISEES. DANS UN PREMIER TEMPS, DES ECHANTILLONS UNIFORMEMENT MARQUES 1 5N ET/OU 1 5N/ 1 3C DES FORMES HAPO (APOPROTEINE H), HOX ET HMET ONT ETE PRODUITS ET PURIFIES POUR OBTENIR L'ATTRIBUTION DES SIGNAUX DE RESONANCES DE CES DIFFERENTES FORMES. AFIN DE COMPRENDRE LES INTERACTIONS SPECIFIQUES ENTRE CHAQUE FORME DE LA PROTEINE H, DONT LES STRUCTURES CRISTALLOGRAPHIQUES SONT TRES PROCHES, ET SON PARTENAIRE DANS LE CYCLE CATALYTIQUE, LES DIFFERENCES STRUCTURALES PROVOQUEES EN SOLUTION PAR LA PRESENCE DU COFACTEUR ONT ETE ANALYSEES GRACE A DES MESURES DE DEPLACEMENT CHIMIQUE 1H ET 1 5N. DES MODIFICATIONS DYNAMIQUES ONT EGALEMENT ETE MISES EN EVIDENCE PAR DES ETUDES DE RELAXATION 1 5N. A L'AIDE D'EXPERIENCES BIOCHIMIQUES, NOESY FILTREES 1 3C ET DE RELAXATION 1 3C, NOUS AVONS DEMONTRE QUE LE BRAS LIPOATE CHARGE EN METHYLAMINE EST BLOQUE DANS UNE CREVASSE DE LA PROTEINE. GRACE A DES ETUDES STRUCTURALE ET BIOCHIMIQUE, NOUS AVONS ALORS MONTRE QU'UNE ACTIVATION DE LA PROTEINE HMET PAR LA PROTEINE T EST NECESSAIRE POUR EXPLIQUER LA SECONDE ETAPE DU CYCLE CATALYTIQUE. CES RESULTATS ONT PERMIS DE PROPOSER UN MODELE REACTIONNEL POUR L'ETAPE CATALYTIQUE IMPLIQUANT LES PROTEINES HMET ET T.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocLIMOGES-ENSCI (870852305) / SudocSudocFranceF

Solution structure of the HIV gp120 C5 Domain

International audienc

Root Extracellular Trap and exudates in pea (Pisum sativum): key elements conditioning growth and root protection in response to water deficit?

International audienc

Plant immunity: metabolomic characterization of peaand faba bean root exudates

National audienceLegume crops are interesting for both the nutritional quality of their seeds and thenatural nitrogen fertilization of soils. Pea remains the major legume crop in France, even if itsproduction declines due to root rot caused by the pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. Theinfection can result in yield losses of up to 80% in peas [1] while faba bean cultivars are lesssusceptible to this pathogen. There is no effective protection against this disease other thancrop rotation. To develop new control methods, it is thus necessary to better understand theinfectious process and the establishment of plant defenses. Given that a recent studyrevealed that faba root exudates alter pea root colonization [2], our objective is to comparethe compounds emitted by the pea and faba roots using an untargeted metabolomicsapproach.Pea and faba seedlings were hydroponically grown, and root exudates were harvestedand analyzed by NMR. The obtained exudation profiles are characteristic of each specieseven if there are variations within the same variety, in particular regarding compoundconcentrations. Spectra annotation shows an enrichment of faba exudates in sugars, andpeas in amino acids. However, many of the compositional differences noted between peaand faba exudates correspond to unidentified metabolites. Additional analyzes are necessaryto identify which metabolites provide faba root protection against A. euteiches, and toconsider the development of pea resistance.References1. Gaulin et al. (2007) Molecular Plant Pathology 8(5):539-548.2. Laloum et al. (2021) Plant Science 312:111032

Comparative structural analyses of urotensinergic peptides by CD spectroscopy, NMR and Molecular Modelling

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Structural analyses of urotensinergic peptides by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling

National audienc