Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Factors of regional poverty reduction in Colombia: Do institutional conditions matter?

[EN] Colombia has a unique history, which has been heavily conditioned by armed conflict lasting more than 50 years. This study examines the institutional conditions for success and failure in reducing poverty in Colombian departments by considering changes that took place between 2003 and 2014. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis identifies the changes in regional conditions that reduce poverty over time. The pathways for poverty reduction are multidimensional, and many involve changes in institutional attributes such as government transparency, absence of violence, and electoral turnout. The framework developed in this paper can be used to monitor necessary and sufficient pathways in regional clusters.This work was funded by Grant AGL2015-65897-C3-3-R, ¿Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities¿.Nieto-Alemán, PA.; García Alvarez-Coque, JM.; Roig Tierno, N.; Mas Verdú, F. (2019). Factors of regional poverty reduction in Colombia: Do institutional conditions matter?. Social Policy and Administration. 53(7):1045-1063. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.1247410451063537Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. ASEAN ECONOMIC BULLETIN, 29(2), 168. doi:10.1355/ae29-2jAlkire, S., & Santos, M. E. (2013). A Multidimensional Approach: Poverty Measurement & Beyond. Social Indicators Research, 112(2), 239-257. doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0257-3Amin, A. (1999). An Institutionalist Perspective on Regional Economic Development. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 23(2), 365-378. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00201Angulo, R., Díaz, Y., & Pardo, R. (2015). The Colombian Multidimensional Poverty Index: Measuring Poverty in a Public Policy Context. Social Indicators Research, 127(1), 1-38. doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0964-zAtkinson, A. B., & Bourguignon, F. (1982). The Comparison of Multi-Dimensioned Distributions of Economic Status. The Review of Economic Studies, 49(2), 183. doi:10.2307/2297269Bastiaensen, J., Herdt, T. D., & D’Exelle, B. (2005). Poverty reduction as a local institutional process. World Development, 33(6), 979-993. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.019Baumann, C., & Winzar, H. (2014). The role of secondary education in explaining competitiveness. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 36(1), 13-30. doi:10.1080/02188791.2014.924387Belhadj, B. (2011). New fuzzy indices of poverty by distinguishing three levels of poverty. Research in Economics, 65(3), 221-231. doi:10.1016/j.rie.2010.10.002Belhadj, B., & Limam, M. (2012). Unidimensional and multidimensional fuzzy poverty measures: New approach. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 995-1002. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2012.03.009Betti, G., Cheli, B., Lemmi, A., & Verma, V. (2006). Multidimensional and Longitudinal Poverty: an Integrated Fuzzy Approach. Economic Studies in Inequality, Social Exclusion and Well-Being, 115-137. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-34251-1_7Bretthauer, J. M. (2014). Conditions for Peace and Conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(4), 593-616. doi:10.1177/0022002713516841BTI. (2018).Colombia Country Report. Project “Shaping Change—Strategies of Development and Transformation.” Retrieved fromhttp://www.bti‐project.org/en/reports/country‐reports/detail/itc/COL/Bozzoli, C., & Brück, T. (2009). Agriculture, Poverty, and Postwar Reconstruction: Micro-Level Evidence from Northern Mozambique. Journal of Peace Research, 46(3), 377-397. doi:10.1177/0022343309102658Charlton A. &Stiglitz J.(2004).Capital market liberalization and poverty.Initiative for Policy Dialogue Working Papers. 1–22.Collins, P. D. (2012). GOVERNANCE AND THE ERADICATION OF POVERTY: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE. Public Administration and Development, 32(4-5), 337-344. doi:10.1002/pad.1640DANE. (2015).Regional GDP; Demography; Poverty rates [Data file]. Retrieved from:http://www.dane.gov.co/index.phpDeaton, A. (2010). Price Indexes, Inequality, and the Measurement of World Poverty. American Economic Review, 100(1), 5-34. doi:10.1257/aer.100.1.5Abbie Erler, H. (2012). A New Face of Poverty? Economic Crises and Poverty Discourses. Poverty & Public Policy, 4(4), 183-204. doi:10.1002/pop4.13Fiss, P. C. (2011). Building Better Causal Theories: A Fuzzy Set Approach to Typologies in Organization Research. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 393-420. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.60263120Flores, T. E. (2014). Vertical Inequality, Land Reform, and Insurgency in Colombia. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 20(1), 5-31. doi:10.1515/peps-2013-0058GAN. (2018).Colombia Corruption Report. Retrieved fromhttps://www.business‐anti‐corruption.com/country‐profiles/colombia/Gates, S., Hegre, H., Nygård, H. M., & Strand, H. (2012). Development Consequences of Armed Conflict. World Development, 40(9), 1713-1722. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.031Glick, R., & Taylor, A. M. (2010). Collateral Damage: Trade Disruption and the Economic Impact of War. Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(1), 102-127. doi:10.1162/rest.2009.12023Grindle, M. S. (2004). Good Enough Governance: Poverty Reduction and Reform in Developing Countries. Governance, 17(4), 525-548. doi:10.1111/j.0952-1895.2004.00256.xHarriss, J. (2007). Bringing Politics Back into Poverty Analysis: Why Understanding Social Relations Matters More for Policy on Chronic Poverty than Measurement. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1752973Herrera, J., Razafindrakoto, M., & Roubaud, F. (2007). Governance, Democracy and Poverty Reduction: Lessons Drawn from Household Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. International Statistical Review, 75(1), 70-95. doi:10.1111/j.1751-5823.2006.00005.xIbáñez, A. M., & Velásquez, A. (2009). Identifying Victims of Civil Conflicts: An Evaluation of Forced Displaced Households in Colombia. Journal of Peace Research, 46(3), 431-451. doi:10.1177/0022343309102661Justino, P. (2011). Poverty and Violent Conflict: A Micro-Level Perspective on the Causes and Duration of Warfare. IDS Working Papers, 2011(385), 1-25. doi:10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00385_2.xLijphart, A. (1997). Unequal Participation: Democracy’s Unresolved Dilemma Presidential Address, American Political Science Association, 1996. American Political Science Review, 91(1), 1-14. doi:10.2307/2952255Lister, M. (2007). Institutions, Inequality and Social Norms: Explaining Variations in Participation. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 9(1), 20-35. doi:10.1111/j.1467-856x.2007.00246.xMahler, V. A., Jesuit, D. K., & Paradowski, P. R. (2013). Electoral Turnout and State Redistribution. Political Research Quarterly, 67(2), 361-373. doi:10.1177/1065912913509306Medzihorsky J. Oana I. E. Quaranta M. Schneider C. Q. &Oana M. I. E.(2017).Package ‘SetMethods’.Moyano Pesquera, P. B. (2018). La implicación de los agentes sociales y económicos en el desarrollo rural: una necesidad insatisfecha. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales, 17(2), 55. doi:10.7201/earn.2017.02.03Mwangi, E., & Markelova, H. (2009). Collective Action and Property Rights for Poverty Reduction: A Review of Methods and Approaches. Development Policy Review, 27(3), 307-331. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7679.2009.00448.xNeff, D. (2013). Fuzzy set theoretic applications in poverty research. Policy and Society, 32(4), 319-331. doi:10.1016/j.polsoc.2013.10.004Pierson, P. (1993). When Effect Becomes Cause: Policy Feedback and Political Change. World Politics, 45(4), 595-628. doi:10.2307/2950710Pierson, P. (2000). The Limits of Design: Explaining Institutional Origins and Change. Governance, 13(4), 475-499. doi:10.1111/0952-1895.00142Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., & Nonetti, R. Y. (1994). Making Democracy Work. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7s8r7Ragin, C. C. (2008). Redesigning Social Inquiry. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226702797.001.0001Royuela, V., & García, G. A. (2013). Economic and Social Convergence in Colombia. Regional Studies, 49(2), 219-239. doi:10.1080/00343404.2012.762086RUV. (2016).Regional forced displacement. Unique victims registry. [Data file]. Retrieved from:http://rni.unidadvictimas.gov.co/RUVSchneider, H. (1999). Participatory governance for poverty reduction. Journal of International Development, 11(4), 521-534. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199906)11:43.0.co;2-jSen, A. (1983). Development: Which Way Now? The Economic Journal, 93(372), 745. doi:10.2307/2232744Sen, A. (2008). Violence, Identity and Poverty. Journal of Peace Research, 45(1), 5-15. doi:10.1177/0022343307084920Steele, A. (2011). Electing Displacement: Political Cleansing in Apartadó, Colombia. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1864165Tebaldi, E., & Mohan, R. (2010). Institutions and Poverty. Journal of Development Studies, 46(6), 1047-1066. doi:10.1080/00220380903012730Transparency for Colombia. (2015).Corruption risk index [Data file]. Retrieved fromhttp://transparenciacolombia.org.co.(1997). World Development Report 1997. doi:10.1596/978-0-1952-1114-6Daly, S. Z. (2012). Organizational legacies of violence. Journal of Peace Research, 49(3), 473-491. doi:10.1177/002234331143580

Genetic studies of African populations: an overview on disease susceptibility and response to vaccines and therapeutics.

Africa is the ultimate source of modern humans and as such harbors more genetic variation than any other continent. For this reason, studies of the patterns of genetic variation in African populations are crucial to understanding how genes affect phenotypic variation, including disease predisposition. In addition, the patterns of extant genetic variation in Africa are important for understanding how genetic variation affects infectious diseases that are a major problem in Africa, such as malaria, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and HIV/AIDS. Therefore, elucidating the role that genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases plays is critical to improving the health of people in Africa. It is also of note that recent and ongoing social and cultural changes in sub-Saharan Africa have increased the prevalence of non-communicable diseases that will also require genetic analyses to improve disease prevention and treatment. In this review we give special attention to many of the past and ongoing studies, emphasizing those in Sub-Saharan Africans that address the role of genetic variation in human disease