372 research outputs found
Single-cycle and fatigue strengths of adhesively bonded lap joints
This study considers a composite-to-steel tubular lap joint in which failure typically occurs when the adhesive debonds from the steel adherend. The same basic joint was subjected to compressive and tensile axial loads (single-cycle) as well as bending loads (fatigue). The purpose of these tests was to determine whether failure is more dependent on the plastic strain or the peel stress that develops in the adhesive. For the same joint, compressive and tensile loads of the same magnitude will produce similar plastic strains but peel stresses of opposite signs in the adhesive. In the axial tests, the tensile strengths were much greater than the compressive strengths - indicating that the peel stress is key to predicting the single-cycle strengths. To determine the key parameter(s) for predicting high-cycle fatigue strengths, a test technique capable of subjecting a specimen to several million cycles per day was developed. In these bending tests, the initial adhesive debonding always occurred on the compressive side. This result is consistent with the single-cycle tests, although not as conclusive due to the limited number of tests. Nevertheless, a fatigue test method has been established and future tests are planned
An ecological method for the sampling of nonverbal signalling behaviours of young children with profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD)
- Background: Profound and multiple learning disabilities (PMLD) are a complex range of disabilities that affect the general health and wellbeing of the individual and their capacity to interact and learn.
- Method: We developed a new methodology to capture the nonsymbolic signalling behaviours of children with PMLD within the context of a face-to-face interaction with a caregiver to provide analysis at a micro-level of descriptive detail incorporating the use of the ELAN digital video software.
- Conclusion: The signalling behaviours of participants in a natural, everyday interaction can be better understood with the use of this innovation in methodology, which is predicated on the ecology of communication. Recognition of the developmental ability of the participants is an integral factor within that ecology. The method presented establishes an advanced account of the modalities through which a child affected by PMLD is able to communicate
The Nd(He,) and Sm(,He) reactions with applications to decay of Nd
The Nd(He,) reaction at 140 MeV/u and Sm(,He)
reaction at 115 MeV/u were measured, populating excited states in Pm.
The transitions studied populate intermediate states of importance for the
(neutrinoless) decay of Nd to Sm. Monopole and
dipole contributions to the measured excitation-energy spectra were extracted
by using multipole decomposition analyses. The experimental results were
compared with theoretical calculations obtained within the framework of
Quasiparticle Random-Phase Approximation (QRPA), which is one of the main
methods employed for estimating the half-life of the neutrinoless
decay () of Nd. The present results thus provide useful
information on the neutrino responses for evaluating the and
matrix elements. The matrix element
calculated from the Gamow-Teller transitions through the lowest state
in the intermediate nucleus is maximally about half of that deduced from the
half-life measured in direct counting experiments and at least
several transitions through intermediate states in Pm are
required to explain the half-life.
Because Gamow-Teller transitions in the Sm(,He) experiment are
strongly Pauli-blocked, the extraction of Gamow-Teller strengths was
complicated by the excitation of the , ,
isovector spin-flip giant monopole resonance (IVSGMR). However, the near
absence of Gamow-Teller transition strength made it possible to cleanly
identify this resonance, and the strength observed is consistent with the full
exhaustion of the non-energy-weighted sum rule for the IVSGMR.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, 2 table
The early development of self-injurious behaviour: evaluating the role of social reinforcement
Background: The potential role of social reinforcement in the development of selfâinjury has not yet been subjected to empirical analysis. In this 2âyear prospective study, the pattern of social interactions related to the early presentation of selfâinjury were examined to identify a potential association with an increase in selfâinjury.
Methods: The selfâinjurious behaviour and social contact with adults of 16 children with intellectual disability (ID) with selfâinjury of recent onset were observed at 3âmonth intervals over 2âyears.
Results: Increase in selfâinjury over a 2âyear period was positively correlated with a distribution of social contact relative to episodes of selfâinjury that is consistent with a mutual social reinforcement paradigm. When this paradigm was operative, selfâinjury was evoked under stable antecedent conditions over time but tended to evoke increasing levels of social interaction.
Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that increases in the frequency of early selfâinjury in children with ID may be determined by social reinforcement with implications for early intervention and proactive identification of children at risk for increases in selfâinjury
Beta-delayed proton emission in the 100Sn region
Beta-delayed proton emission from nuclides in the neighborhood of 100Sn was
studied at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The nuclei were
produced by fragmentation of a 120 MeV/nucleon 112Sn primary beam on a Be
target. Beam purification was provided by the A1900 Fragment Separator and the
Radio Frequency Fragment Separator. The fragments of interest were identified
and their decay was studied with the NSCL Beta Counting System (BCS) in
conjunction with the Segmented Germanium Array (SeGA). The nuclei 96Cd, 98Ing,
98Inm and 99In were identified as beta-delayed proton emitters, with branching
ratios bp = 5.5(40)%, 5.5+3 -2%, 19(2)% and 0.9(4)%, respectively. The bp for
89Ru, 91,92Rh, 93Pd and 95Ag were deduced for the first time with bp = 3+1.9
-1.7%, 1.3(5)%, 1.9(1)%, 7.5(5)% and 2.5(3)%, respectively. The bp = 22(1)% for
101Sn was deduced with higher precision than previously reported. The impact of
the newly measured bp values on the composition of the type-I X-ray burst ashes
was studied.Comment: 15 pages, 14 Figures, 4 Table
Like-minded sources on Facebook are prevalent but not polarizing
Many critics raise concerns about the prevalence of âecho chambersâ on social media and their potential role in increasing political polarization. However, the lack of available data and the challenges of conducting large-scale field experiments have made it difficult to assess the scope of the problem 1,2. Here we present data from 2020 for the entire population of active adult Facebook users in the USA showing that content from âlike-mindedâ sources constitutes the majority of what people see on the platform, although political information and news represent only a small fraction of these exposures. To evaluate a potential response to concerns about the effects of echo chambers, we conducted a multi-wave field experiment on Facebook among 23,377 users for whom we reduced exposure to content from like-minded sources during the 2020 US presidential election by about one-third. We found that the intervention increased their exposure to content from cross-cutting sources and decreased exposure to uncivil language, but had no measurable effects on eight preregistered attitudinal measures such as affective polarization, ideological extremity, candidate evaluations and belief in false claims. These precisely estimated results suggest that although exposure to content from like-minded sources on social media is common, reducing its prevalence during the 2020 US presidential election did not correspondingly reduce polarization in beliefs or attitudes
Revealing the respiratory system of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei; Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) using micro-computed tomography
The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) is the most economically important insect pest of coffee
globally. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to reconstruct the respiratory system of this
species for the first time; this is the smallest insect (ca. 2 mm long) for which this has been done to date.
Anatomical details of the spiracles and tracheal tubes are described, images presented, and new terms
introduced. The total volume and the relationship between tracheal lumen diameter, length and volume
are also presented. The total length of the tracheal tubes are seventy times the length of the entire
animal. Videos and a 3D model for use with mobile devices are included as supplementary information;
these could be useful for future research and for teaching insect anatomy to students and the public in
general.This paper benefitted from the sub-award
agreement S15192.01 between Kansas State University (KSU) and the University of Granada, as part of a USDANIFA
Award 2014-70016-23028 to S.J. Brown (KSU), âDeveloping an Infrastructure and Product Test Pipeline to
Deliver Novel Therapies for Citrus Greening Diseaseâ (2015â2020)
- âŚ