Food Poisoning Caused by Bacteria (Food Toxins)

In the environment, there are polluting substances that can cause adverse reactions in human beings when entering the body through different ways (ingestion, inhalation, injection, or absorption). The main pollutants can be poisons, chemical compounds, toxic gases, and bacterial toxins. These can be found in different places and their effects depend on the dose and exposure time. Furthermore, foodborne diseases (FBDs) can cause disability; these diseases can be caused by toxins produced by bacteria or other toxic substances in the food, which can cause severe diarrhea, toxic shock syndrome, debilitating infections such as meningitis and even death. FBDs are transmitted through food contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms that have multiple factors of virulence, which gives them the ability to cause an infection; some bacterial genres can produce toxins directly in the food, but other genres can produce them once they have colonized the intestine. Among the pathogens involved in FBDs that are also considered to be toxigenic are Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne diseases can be prevented and acute diarrhea syndromes, fever and even death from dehydration can be avoided, especially in children under the age of 5 and in immunocompromised people

Plan de desarrollo turístico sostenible en el municipio de Berlin, departamento de Usulután

Nuestro plan de desarrollo turístico sostenible se realizó en 4 etapas, la primera Anteproyecto, la segunda llamada Diagnóstico, donde se definió e investigó todo lo relacionado a la situación actual del turismo en el municipio, así como los mercados involucrados en el estudio, la tercera etapa Diseño, se propusieron 5 programas para contemplar el plan con el fin principal de fortalecer el turismo mediante propuestas para que sean impulsados, la cuarta etapa, se costeo el plan, los programas y proyectos mediante el costeo por absorción y se realizaron las evaluaciones respectivas para medir la rentabilidad del estudio. En la tesis se abordo la sostenibilidad como pilar principal ya que se pretendió involucrar la zona rural en el plan, así como preservar el medio ambient

Walking Promotion in Pregnancy and Its Effects on Insomnia: Results of Walking_Preg Project (WPP) Clinical Trial

Insomnia is a frequent condition during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess if a walking promotion program from the 12th GestationalWeek (GW) of pregnancy helps to prevent insomnia and improve the quality of sleep at third trimester. Materials and Methods: A prospective, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted with 270 pregnant women divided into 3 groups in parallel: maximum intervention group, I1 (pedometer and goal of 10,000 steps/day), minimum intervention group, I2 (pedometer without a goal), and control group (no intervention). All groups received recommendations about physical activity in pregnancy. A structured interview was performed at 13th, 20th, and 32nd GW, collecting pedometer mean steps/day, Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Pittsburgh questionnaire (PSQI). Lineal regression models were conducted to determine the association between mean steps/day at 31st GW and AIS or PSQI score. Results: At 19th GW, groups I1 and I2 reached a mean of 6267 steps/day (SD = 3854) and 5835 steps/day (SD = 2741), respectively (p > 0.05). At 31st GW mean steps/day was lower for I2 (p < 0.001). Insomnia and poor sleep quality prevalence increased through pregnancy, but no differences between groups, within trimesters, were found (p > 0.05). Lineal regression showed no association between the average steps/day at third trimester of pregnancy and AIS and PSQI scores. Conclusions: Our walking promotion program based on pedometers did not help to prevent insomnia in the third trimester of pregnancy.FIBAO (Fundacion para la Investigacion Biosanitaria de Andalucia Oriental-Alejandro Otero) PI-0350-201

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

First Results of the 140^{140}Ce(n,γ)141^{141}Ce Cross-Section Measurement at n_TOF

An accurate measurement of the $^{140}$Ce(n,γ) energy-dependent cross-section was performed at the n_TOF facility at CERN. This cross-section is of great importance because it represents a bottleneck for the s-process nucleosynthesis and determines to a large extent the cerium abundance in stars. The measurement was motivated by the significant difference between the cerium abundance measured in globular clusters and the value predicted by theoretical stellar models. This discrepancy can be ascribed to an overestimation of the $^{140}$Ce capture cross-section due to a lack of accurate nuclear data. For this measurement, we used a sample of cerium oxide enriched in $^{140}$Ce to 99.4%. The experimental apparatus consisted of four deuterated benzene liquid scintillator detectors, which allowed us to overcome the difficulties present in the previous measurements, thanks to their very low neutron sensitivity. The accurate analysis of the p-wave resonances and the calculation of their average parameters are fundamental to improve the evaluation of the $^{140}$Ce Maxwellian-averaged cross-section

First Results of the 140^{140}Ce(n,γ)141^{141}Ce Cross-Section Measurement at n_TOF

An accurate measurement of the $^{140}$Ce(n,γ) energy-dependent cross-section was performed at the n_TOF facility at CERN. This cross-section is of great importance because it represents a bottleneck for the s-process nucleosynthesis and determines to a large extent the cerium abundance in stars. The measurement was motivated by the significant difference between the cerium abundance measured in globular clusters and the value predicted by theoretical stellar models. This discrepancy can be ascribed to an overestimation of the $^{140}$Ce capture cross-section due to a lack of accurate nuclear data. For this measurement, we used a sample of cerium oxide enriched in $^{140}$Ce to 99.4%. The experimental apparatus consisted of four deuterated benzene liquid scintillator detectors, which allowed us to overcome the difficulties present in the previous measurements, thanks to their very low neutron sensitivity. The accurate analysis of the p-wave resonances and the calculation of their average parameters are fundamental to improve the evaluation of the $^{140}$Ce Maxwellian-averaged cross-section

Diseño del plan estratégico de mantenimiento para el campo Toroyaco

El área de operaciones de Gran Tierra Energy empresa productora de hidrocarburos, identificó en el campo Toroyaco pérdidas de producción como consecuencia de las recurrentes fallas de los equipos de superficie instalados en su facilidad, por tal motivo se planteó un diseño de una estrategia de mantenimiento preventivo para los equipos, este proyecto se desarrolló con el fin de reducir las fallas, mejorar las condiciones operativas de la planta, preservar y conservar los activos instalados, el proyecto contempló cuatro fases: primero, se identificó la gestión actual de mantenimiento en campo; segundo, se realizó la criticidad y se definió la taxonomía de equipos; tercero se elaboraron los planes de mantenimiento, cuarto, se efectuó la documentación y socialización de la estrategia de mantenimiento.The operations area of Gran Tierra Energy hydrocarbon company identified production losses in the Toroyaco field as consequence of the recurrent faults of the surface equipments installed in his facilities, for this reason was planted a design of a preventive maintenance strategy for all equipments, this project was developed with the main purpose to reduce failures, improve the operating plant conditions and preserve the assets installs, the project contemplated four phases: first, the current management of maintenance was identified; second, the criticality was performed and the equipment taxonomy was defined; third, the maintenance plans were elaborated, fourth, the documentation and socialization of the maintenance strategy was carried out

Conocimientos sobre signos de alarma para Eda e Ira de cuidadores de niños y niñas menores de cinco años, de una localidad de Cartagena 2018

Tesis (Enfermero). -- Universidad de Cartagena. Facultad de Enfermería, 2018El objetivo de este trabajo de grado busca determinar los conocimientos sobre los signos de alarma para enfermedades prevalentes (EDA E IRA) de los cuidadores de niños y niñas menores de 5 años de una localidad de Cartagena 2018

Active Shiga-Like Toxin Produced by Some Aeromonas spp., Isolated in Mexico City

Shiga-like toxins (Stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins involved in human and animal diseases. Stx is produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae type 1, Citrobacter freundii and Aeromonas spp. Stx is an important cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim of this study was to identify the stx1/stx2 genes in clinical strains and in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Aeromonas spp., 66 strains were isolated from children who live in Mexico City and Shiga-like toxins effects were evaluated on Vero cell cultures.The capacity to express active, Stx1 and Stx2 toxins was determined on Vero cell cultures and the concentration of Shiga-like toxins was evaluated by lethal dose to 50% (LD50) assays, observing inhibition of damaged cells by specific monoclonal antibodies. The results obtained in this study support the hypothesis that the stx gene is another putative virulence factor of Aeromonas, and since this gene can be transferred horizontally through OMVs this genus should be included as a possible causal agents of gastroenteritis and it should be reported as part of standard health surveillance procedures.Furthermore, these results indicate that Aeromonas genus might be a potential causative agent of HUS