Eres Todo para mi / Luis DEMETRIO. TATA DIOS / Valeriano TREJO. NUNCA JAMAS / Lalo GUERRERO. Mi ultimo Fracaso / Alfredo GIL ; le TRIO JANITZIO y RITMOS

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Reduced gliotransmitter release from astrocytes mediates tau-induced synaptic dysfunction in cultured hippocampal neurons

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein exerting several physiological functions in neurons. In Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) misfolded tau accumulates intraneuronally and leads to axonal degeneration. However, tau has also been found in the extracellular medium. Recent studies indicated that extracellular tau uploaded from neurons causes synaptic dysfunction and contributes to tau pathology propagation. Here we report novel evidence that extracellular tau oligomers are abundantly and rapidly accumulated in astrocytes where they disrupt intracellular Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+-dependent release of gliotransmitters, especially ATP. Consequently, synaptic vesicle release, the expression of pre- and post-synaptic proteins, and mEPSC frequency and amplitude were reduced in neighboring neurons. Notably, we found that tau uploading from astrocytes required the amyloid precursor protein, APP. Collectively, our findings suggests that astrocytes play a critical role in the synaptotoxic effects of tau via reduced gliotransmitter availability, and that astrocytes are major determinants of tau pathology in AD

Remembrance and Resurrection: Ry Cooder's Chavez Ravine

This article explores Los Angeles guitarist Ry Cooder’s project to excavate and resurrect through music the lost community of Chávez Ravine, the vibrant Mexican‐American neighbourhood bulldozed in 1958 to make way for the construction of the Dodger baseball stadium. The article draws critical parallels with Marcel Proust, of whom Hannah Segal writes: “On realizing the destruction of a whole world that had been his he decides to write, to sacrifice himself to the re‐creation of the dying and the dead. By virtue of his art he can give his objects an eternal life in his work”. Proust’s medium is the written word; Cooder’s is the dance music of the Pachucos, the corridos of the Ravine’s local heroes and the laments of the residents driven away by the bulldozers. Through this music, Cooder’s aim is to ensure that the name “Chávez Ravine” and “all the images that had been living in it” (Proust) will not remain eclipsed by the corporate power and self‐congratulation of the Los Angeles Dodgers