Perceived Internet privacy concerns on social network in Europe

The development of computing technologies and Internet has made possible to capture, save and analyse increasing mount of personal information, which might impact public concern about privacy. The present article aims at analysing Internet privacy concerns in respect to social network website. We use a well-suited dataset of 23 087 individuals collected by the European Union in 2009 in all member states. Fitting an ordered logit model, we examine the variables associated with the probability to have high privacy concerns in order to draw policy and regulatory implications. The results show that institutional framework ensuring comprehensive national efforts to safeguard privacy increases the probability to be worried about possible misuse of private data. Additionally, we observe that socio-demographic variables affect the perception of individual personal data use/misuse

Perceived Internet privacy concerns on social network in Europe

The development of computing technologies and Internet has made possible to capture, save and analyse increasing mount of personal information, which might impact public concern about privacy. The present article aims at analysing Internet privacy concerns in respect to social network website. We use a well-suited dataset of 23 087 individuals collected by the European Union in 2009 in all member states. Fitting an ordered logit model, we examine the variables associated with the probability to have high privacy concerns in order to draw policy and regulatory implications. The results show that institutional framework ensuring comprehensive national efforts to safeguard privacy increases the probability to be worried about possible misuse of private data. Additionally, we observe that socio-demographic variables affect the perception of individual personal data use/misuse

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Oxide composite mechanical behavior : Process-microstructure-properties relations

Cette thèse a pour objectif la compréhension fine du rôle de la microstructure sur les propriétés mécaniques de composites à matrice céramique oxydes, en vue de l’introduction de ce type de matériau dans les futurs moteurs d’aviation civile. L’influence des hétérogénéités induites par la mise en forme de ce matériau est particulièrement investiguée. Ces hétérogénéités semblent favoriser l’apparition et la propagation de mécanismes d’endommagement conduisant à la ruine du matériau. L’étude est réalisée sur trois nuances de composites oxydes à tissage bidimensionnel générées à partir de trois procédés de fabrication différents. Ces procédés conduisent à la mise en place de trois types de microstructures. Des caractérisations morphologiques par porosimétrie et par μ-tomographie sont réalisées afin d’estimer la répartition des hétérogénéités et ainsi d’établir les microstructures représentatives de chaque nuance. En se basant sur ces analyses, une étude du comportement mécanique des nuances d’étude est réalisée à plusieurs échelles. Dans un premier temps, une étude des propriétés mécaniques à l’échelle macroscopique, représentative du matériau est effectuée à l’aide d’essais de traction dans le plan de tissage. En parallèle, des essais in-situ sont mis en place afin d’observer l’évolution de l’endommagement des microstructures. Ces observations permettent d’améliorer la compréhension du rôle des hétérogénéités sur l’activation des mécanismes d’endommagement. Le suivi de l’EA (Emission Acoustique) des essais est utilisé pour analyser la cinétique d’endommagement des nuances de composites oxydes. En plus de l’analyse globale de l’activité acoustique, des classifications des signaux d’EA sont réalisées. Ces classifications se basent sur la détection de signaux d’EA à l’aide de deux types de capteurs présentant des caractéristiques différentes. Une labellisation des classes est proposée en confrontant les activités de ces classes aux mécanismes d’endommagement observés lors des essais in-situ. Le couplage de l’ensemble de ces informations permet de constituer le scénario d’endommagement de chaque nuance. Il est ainsi possible d’établir le rôle de chaque type d’hétérogénéités sur le comportement mécanique des composites oxydes.The aim of this thesis is the fine understanding on the influence of the microstructure on oxide-based ceramic matrix composites mechanical properties. These materials are good candidate for new generation of civil aircraft engines. The aim of this work is to establish a relationship between the microstructural defects generated by the manufacturing process and the mechanical behavior of the composite. These heterogeneities seem to influence the appearance and the propagation of damage mechanisms. This study is realized on three kinds of bi-dimensional oxide composites generated from three different manufacturing processes. These processes create three kinds of microstructure. Porosimetric and μ-tomographic analyses allow estimating the distribution of microstructural defects and establish typical microstructure of each oxide composite. Based on these preliminary analyses, mechanical behavior of each kind of oxide composites is studied through several representative scales. On the one hand, mechanical tensile tests are carried out in order to estimate the mechanical properties of the studied materials in the weaving plane. On the other hand, the implementation of in-situ mechanical tests allows the visualization of damage mechanisms appearance and propagation. These observations improve the understanding of the role of microstructural defects on the activation of damage mechanisms. Damage kinetics of each mechanical test are inspected through AE (Acoustic emission) analysis. This monitoring helps to link mechanical behavior with microstructural damage. In parallel with global AE analysis, AE clustering is achieved. These classifications are based on two kinds of AE sensor with different properties. Data fusion from the two sensors is accomplished. This technique allows more robust AE clustering. Cluster labelling is proposed thanks to damage mechanisms observed during in-situ mechanical tests. Damage scenarios are set up owing to macroscopic mechanical test, in-situ analysis and AE labelling. Thus, it is possible to establish the influence of each kind of microstructural defect on oxide-based CMCs mechanical behavior

Comportement mécanique de composites oxydes : Relations procédé-microstructure-propriétés

The aim of this thesis is the fine understanding on the influence of the microstructure on oxide-based ceramic matrix composites mechanical properties. These materials are good candidate for new generation of civil aircraft engines. The aim of this work is to establish a relationship between the microstructural defects generated by the manufacturing process and the mechanical behavior of the composite. These heterogeneities seem to influence the appearance and the propagation of damage mechanisms. This study is realized on three kinds of bi-dimensional oxide composites generated from three different manufacturing processes. These processes create three kinds of microstructure. Porosimetric and μ-tomographic analyses allow estimating the distribution of microstructural defects and establish typical microstructure of each oxide composite. Based on these preliminary analyses, mechanical behavior of each kind of oxide composites is studied through several representative scales. On the one hand, mechanical tensile tests are carried out in order to estimate the mechanical properties of the studied materials in the weaving plane. On the other hand, the implementation of in-situ mechanical tests allows the visualization of damage mechanisms appearance and propagation. These observations improve the understanding of the role of microstructural defects on the activation of damage mechanisms. Damage kinetics of each mechanical test are inspected through AE (Acoustic emission) analysis. This monitoring helps to link mechanical behavior with microstructural damage. In parallel with global AE analysis, AE clustering is achieved. These classifications are based on two kinds of AE sensor with different properties. Data fusion from the two sensors is accomplished. This technique allows more robust AE clustering. Cluster labelling is proposed thanks to damage mechanisms observed during in-situ mechanical tests. Damage scenarios are set up owing to macroscopic mechanical test, in-situ analysis and AE labelling. Thus, it is possible to establish the influence of each kind of microstructural defect on oxide-based CMCs mechanical behavior.Cette thèse a pour objectif la compréhension fine du rôle de la microstructure sur les propriétés mécaniques de composites à matrice céramique oxydes, en vue de l’introduction de ce type de matériau dans les futurs moteurs d’aviation civile. L’influence des hétérogénéités induites par la mise en forme de ce matériau est particulièrement investiguée. Ces hétérogénéités semblent favoriser l’apparition et la propagation de mécanismes d’endommagement conduisant à la ruine du matériau. L’étude est réalisée sur trois nuances de composites oxydes à tissage bidimensionnel générées à partir de trois procédés de fabrication différents. Ces procédés conduisent à la mise en place de trois types de microstructures. Des caractérisations morphologiques par porosimétrie et par μ-tomographie sont réalisées afin d’estimer la répartition des hétérogénéités et ainsi d’établir les microstructures représentatives de chaque nuance. En se basant sur ces analyses, une étude du comportement mécanique des nuances d’étude est réalisée à plusieurs échelles. Dans un premier temps, une étude des propriétés mécaniques à l’échelle macroscopique, représentative du matériau est effectuée à l’aide d’essais de traction dans le plan de tissage. En parallèle, des essais in-situ sont mis en place afin d’observer l’évolution de l’endommagement des microstructures. Ces observations permettent d’améliorer la compréhension du rôle des hétérogénéités sur l’activation des mécanismes d’endommagement. Le suivi de l’EA (Emission Acoustique) des essais est utilisé pour analyser la cinétique d’endommagement des nuances de composites oxydes. En plus de l’analyse globale de l’activité acoustique, des classifications des signaux d’EA sont réalisées. Ces classifications se basent sur la détection de signaux d’EA à l’aide de deux types de capteurs présentant des caractéristiques différentes. Une labellisation des classes est proposée en confrontant les activités de ces classes aux mécanismes d’endommagement observés lors des essais in-situ. Le couplage de l’ensemble de ces informations permet de constituer le scénario d’endommagement de chaque nuance. Il est ainsi possible d’établir le rôle de chaque type d’hétérogénéités sur le comportement mécanique des composites oxydes

Perceived Internet privacy concerns on social networks in Europe

HCERES Rang A, FNEGE Rang 2International audienc

Etude du comportement mécanique de CMC oxyde/oxyde : apport de l'analyse temps-fréquence des signaux acoustiques

International audienc

Etude du comportement mécanique de CMC oxyde/oxyde : apport de l'analyse temps-fréquence des signaux acoustiques

International audienc

Fatigue life of a shot-peened nickel-based single crystal superalloy: from measurements to modelling.

International audienceIn this work, X-ray diffraction measurements and finite elements calculations are combined to investigate the effect of the shot-peening process on the fatigue lifetime of the AM1 nickel-based single crystal super-alloy. The Ortner method is used to determine residual elastic stress depth profiles in plane-parallel samples. They exhibit a 130-160µm thick hardened layer where compressive stresses up to 1000-1400 MPa take place. The tensile stresses which ensure the mechanical equilibrium of the samples are not localized in a specific layer but rather distributed in a few millimeters thick layer. The eigenstrain theory is then used to incorporate measured stresses in the elastoviscoplatic modelling of shot-peened fatigue test specimens. A numerical method is proposed to initialize hardening variables in the shot-peened layer independently of the complexity of the constitutive law or measurements in calibration samples. Finally, a fatigue analysis at 650 • C is performed in samples with a stress-concentration. The effect of shot-peening on the fatigue lifetime is studied using both modelling and measurements. Results are in good agreement in the investigated range of applied stresses. However, measurements show that the shot-peening operation is not always beneficial

Data Merging of AE Sensors with Different Frequency Resolution for the Detection and Identification of Damage in Oxide-Based Ceramic Matrix Composites

International audienceIn this paper, acoustic emission data fusion based on multiple measurements is presented for damage detection and identification in oxide-based ceramic matrix composites. Multi-AE (acoustic emission) sensor fusion is considered with the aim of a better identification of damage mechanisms. In this context, tensile tests were conducted on ceramic matrix composites, fabricated with 3M™ Nextel™ 610 fibers and aluminosilicate matrix, with two kinds of AE sensors. Redundant and complementary sensor data were merged to enhance AE system capability and reliability. Data fusion led to consistent signal clustering with an unsupervised procedure. A correlation between these clusters and the damage mechanisms was established thanks to in situ observations. The complementarity of the information from both sensors greatly improves the characterization of sources for their classification. Moreover, this complementarity allows features to be perceived more precisely than using only the information from one kind of sensor