Total strangers or soul mates? - antidumping and competition policies in Latin America and the Caribbean

As a result of trade reforms in the 1980s and 1990s Latin American and Caribbean countries became more open than at any time since World War II. However, these countries have recently begun to use antidumping measures as the new protection weapon of choice, as other barriers to trade have been reduced. In fact, the fastest growing antidumping actions are within regional integration arrangements, where they are being applied by member countries against each other. The authors argue that antidumping is anticompetitive and that its usual justification as a counter to predatory behavior is not relevant in the region. It is imperative, they say, that antidumping be contained if not altogether eliminated. While they find that safeguards are less anticompetitive than antidumping, they believe that all exceptional protection measures, such as antidumping, countervailing, and safeguards, should be considered together with competition policies. In other words, they should become soul mates rather than remain total strangers. The authors do not find that fine-tuning antidumping policy is a good option. Rather, they believe that both trade and competition policymaking ought to be brought under a single entity, as in Peru. This would lead to a more competitive solution.Decentralization,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies,Markets and Market Access,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Trade and Regional Integration,Access to Markets

Anodización del titanio para la mejora ante la degradación química de material quirúrgico

The titanium alloys used in orthopaedic and dental implants are corrosion-resistant and compatible with the human body due to the titanium oxid film which forms spontaneously on the implant surface. However, the utilization of more than one type of alloy or metal on the same patient and the fragility and the thin thickness of the oxid layer, can give rise to the appearance of the corossion phenomena and/or ion release. It is well known that enough concentration of metallic particles are toxic, and are able to produce lnflammation, allergy genetic mutations or carcinogenic processes. With the purpose of minimize the corrossion in the implants and the metallic ion release to the physiological environment it is possible to grow up the titanium oxid layer in a controlled way to have a tough, homogeneous and stable layer with the anodization technique. In this work it is evaluated the improvements in corrosion resistance and the decrease of the metallic ion release due to the anodized layer

Desenvolupament d’un sistema d’espectroscòpia d’impedància per a mesures amb biosensors

Tesi de màster realitzada en col.laboració amb CRICDe tots els àmbits existents en el projecte global per al desenvolupament de l’analitzador bacteriològic, clarament, ens encarregarem de realitzar el disseny del sistema d’instrumentació electrònic de mesura que interactuï amb el biosensor que detectarà l’element patogen. Un cop caracteritzat el biosensor, l’objectiu del projecte es realitzar un sistema de mesura basat en espectroscòpia d’impedància. Es a dir, es dissenyarà un circuit específic que permeti realitzar la mesura d’impedància del biosensor a una freqüència fixa o bé fent un escombrat freqüencial. A més, es realitzarà el disseny de la interfície d’usuari que permetrà caracteritzar i utilitzar el sistema d’instrumentació. Aquest estarà format per una part de control que realitzarà el set up del sistema de mesura i, una part de visualització, que mostrarà les dades adquirides, enel format específic, per a la correcta interpretació de l’usuari

Desenvolupament d’un sistema d’espectroscòpia d’impedància per a mesures amb biosensors

Tesi de màster realitzada en col.laboració amb CRICDe tots els àmbits existents en el projecte global per al desenvolupament de l’analitzador bacteriològic, clarament, ens encarregarem de realitzar el disseny del sistema d’instrumentació electrònic de mesura que interactuï amb el biosensor que detectarà l’element patogen. Un cop caracteritzat el biosensor, l’objectiu del projecte es realitzar un sistema de mesura basat en espectroscòpia d’impedància. Es a dir, es dissenyarà un circuit específic que permeti realitzar la mesura d’impedància del biosensor a una freqüència fixa o bé fent un escombrat freqüencial. A més, es realitzarà el disseny de la interfície d’usuari que permetrà caracteritzar i utilitzar el sistema d’instrumentació. Aquest estarà format per una part de control que realitzarà el set up del sistema de mesura i, una part de visualització, que mostrarà les dades adquirides, enel format específic, per a la correcta interpretació de l’usuari

Síndrome disentérico en el lactante distrófico

Rad se bavi tematikom iz područja marketinga i ekonomije povezujući teorijski dio sa stručnom literaturom praktične analize koja je temeljena na istraživanju cilja kako je marketinška komunikacija usmjerena djeci. Upućenost današnje, a i buduće generacije djece u tehnologiju i medije te njihovo znanje i snalažljivost, upotreba medija na pravilan ili nepravilan način, reklame koje iskaču sa svih strana plijene pažnju najmlađim potrošačima koji imaju veliki utjecaj na svoje roditelje prilikom obiteljske kupovine. Popularne zvijezde i glazba su najjači fenomen kako mogu utjecati na djecu i odrediti njihovo ponašanje, odjeću, karakter, budućnost. Utjecaj roditelja postaje sve minimalan, i tako kompanije iskorištavaju radne obaveze roditelja i vrijeme kako bi ušli u glavice mališana putem medija. Djeca sve ranije postaju samostalna pa najveći broj mišljenja i interesa kreiraju izvan kuće u društvu.This paper workdeals with the topic in marketing and economics by linking theoretical part of professional literature practical analysis that is based on objective research to the marketing communication directed to children. The involvement of today's and future generations of children in technology and media, as well as their knowledge and resourcefulness, the use of media in the right or wrong way, ads that pop up on all sides, attract the attention of the youngest consumers who have a great influence on their parents when making family purchases. Popular stars and music are the strongest phenomena of how they can influence children and determine their behavior, clothing, character, future. Parental influence is becoming minimal, and so companies are leveraging parents' work commitments and time to get into the minds of toddlers through the media. Children are becoming more independent, so most of their opinions and interests are created outside the home in society