Iongel Soft Solid Electrolytes Based on [DEME][TFSI] Ionic Liquid for Low Polarization Lithium-O-2 Batteries

Lithium-air/O-2 batteries are a promising battery technology for automotive applications due to their high energy density. However, many challenges need to be solved, particularly the high reactivity of the electrolyte with oxygen superoxide radicals and its low cyclability. In this work, we present a simple and fast way to prepare polymer-based iongel soft solid electrolytes. Thermally and mechanically stable iongels are prepared by fast UV-photopolymerisation exhibiting a high ionic conductivity (similar to 1.2 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 25 degrees C). When used as solid electrolytes in lithium symmetrical cells, they can withstand a critical current density of 0.5 mA cm(-2). Performance in Li-O-2 cells showed capacities as large as 3.3 mAh cm(-2), and cycling capability of 25 cycles, exceeding results on liquid-counterpart cells.European Commission's funded Marie Skłodowska-Curie. Grant Number: 76582

Single-ion polymer/LLZO hybrid electrolytes with high lithium conductivity

Hybrid solid electrolytes which combine the properties of inorganic and polymeric ion conductors are being investigated for lithium batteries which use lithium metal anodes. The number of inorganic/polymer compositions and their synergy in ion-conducting properties are limited by the hybrid fabrication method and the limited compatibility between both types of materials. Here we report a hybrid solid electrolyte formed by a poly(ethylene glycol) type single-ion polymer network and ceramic garnet-type nanoparticles of Li7−3XAlXLa3Zr2O12 (LLZO) with very high lithium conductivity. The combination of a lithium-single ion polymer matrix with LLZO inorganic particles results in flexible free-standing films by using a fast UV-photopolymerization process with facile control of its composition. This methodology showed excellent dispersion of the LLZO nanoparticles within the gel polymer network with up to 50 wt% ceramic content, as shown in the enviromental ESEM images. These hybrid electrolytes have high ionic conductivity values (1.4 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C) and high lithium transference number as compared to previous hybrid electrolytes. The effect of LLZO nanoparticle content on the lithium transport was investigated in detail using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Finally, determination of the critical current density (CCD) before lithium dendrites are initiated has been carried out on both pristine and hybrid electrolytes, so as to assess their potential as solid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries.This work was supported by the European Commission’s funded Marie Sklodowska-Curie project POLYTE-EID (Project No. 765828). L.P. has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska–Curie grant agreement No 797295

Single-ion lithium conducting polymers with high ionic conductivity based on borate pendant groups

This communication reports a family of single-ion lithium conducting polymer electrolytes based on highly delocalized borate groups is reported. The effect of the nature of the substituents on the boron atom on the ionic conductivity of the resultant methacrylic polymers was analyzed. To the best of our knowledge the lithium borate polymers endowed with flexible and electron-withdrawing substituents presents the highest ionic conductivity reported for a lithium single-ion conducting homopolymer (1.65×10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C). This together with its high lithium transference number tLi+= =0.93 and electrochemical stability window of 4.2 V vs Li0/Li+ show promise for application in lithium batteries. To illustrate this, a lithium borate monomer was integrated into a single-ion gel polymer electrolyte which showed good performance on lithium symmetrical cells (<0.85 V at ±0.2 mA cm−2 for 175 h).This work was supported by a Grant for Basque Government through grant IT1309-19, and European Commission’s funded Marie Skłodowska-Curie project POLYTE-EID (project no. 765828) and Spanish MCIN/ AEI/ PID2020-119026GB-I00. G.G-G. is grateful to "Secretaría de Educación, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación" from Ciudad de México for the postdoctoral fellowship through grant (SECTEI/133/2019)

Do child pedestrians deliberately take risks when they are in a hurry? An experimental study on a simulator

International audienc

Modèle mondial des productions, des demandes et des échanges de céréales : fonctionnement et premiers résultats [Rapport final]

Modèle mondial des productions, des demandes et des échanges de céréales : fonctionnement et premiers résultats [Rapport final

Design of highly conductive iongel soft solid electrolytes for Li-O2 batteries

Li-O2 batteries show high energy storage potential, but there remain many material challenges that must be solved to fully develop them into a robust technology. The reactivity of the electrolyte against lithium metal as the anode or with oxygen superoxide radicals in the cathode is the main problem that may be alleviated by the use of ionic liquids and solid electrolytes. In this work, iongel solid flexible electrolytes with facile preparation are designed based on five variations of the successful N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquid. These iongels show an outstanding ionic conductivity of 7.8 × 10-3 S·cm-1 at 25 °C, excellent performance against lithium metal and reduced dendritic growth, even at a high current density rate of 2 mA·cm-2. Tests on Li-O2 cells show a 100% capacity retention for 25 cycles with limited capacity. Hence, this work provides a plausible pathway to tackle the design of effective lithium protection methods and efficient solid electrolytes for Li-O2 batteries

Designing boron-based single-ion gel polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries by photopolymerization

Single-ion lithium conducting polymer electrolytes based on delocalized borate groups have been designed and synthesized by rapid UV-photopolymerisation. For this purpose, three different functional lithium boron sp3 anionic monomers, containing fluorinated, ethoxy, or a blend of both functionalities have been synthesized. These monomers were photopolymerized in the presence of a PEG-di-acrylate crosslinker and tetraglyme as plasticizer. By this method, gel polymer electrolytes (SIPEs) endowed with lithium single-ion conduction were prepared. The impact generated by the different functionalities of the borate groups and the addition of plasticizer on the electrochemical and ion conducting properties of the synthesized polymer electrolytes are analyzed in detail. These polymer electrolytes showed high ionic conductivity (1.71·10 -4 S·cm-1 at 25 °C) and high lithium transference number values (up to 0.85). Finally, they were investigated as solid electrolytes in lithium metal symmetrical cells showing good performance (<0.85 V at ±0.2 mA·cm-2 for 175 h).This work was supported by the European Commission´s funded Marie Skłodowska-Curie project POLYTE-EID (Project No. 765828). G.G-G. is grateful to "Secretaría de Educación, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación" from Ciudad de México for the postdoctoral fellowship through grant (SECTEI/133/2019). Author 1 and Author 2 contributed equally to this work. The authors are also grateful to Maria Rosaria Caputo for her valuable help with the TGA testing

Le marché potentiel des tourteaux broyés, leurs propriétés fonctionnelles et applications

International audienceThe growing demand of bio-sourced products leads to an increasing interest for the development of new resources of raw materials. In order to generate a higher economic value in the oleoproteaginous sector, meals, co-products of oil extraction present qualities capable of being exploited in a wide range of sectors. These meals are mainly commercialized in feed application , but remain relatively weak used in the chemistry domain or even in food. To enlarge these applications, the pre-treatment of the raw material by grinding and air-classification offers technological outlooks for the conception of new extraction processes of interesting components. The present publication has the following goal: to examine the diversification of oleoproteaginous meal market, out of traditional usage in the chemistry domain; to characterize the meals chemical composition and their techno-functional properties; to evaluate the feasibility of valorizing these meals and their derivatives as substitutes or additives allowing the reduction of the level in petro-chemical product, for example, for the production of adhesive formulations for particle boards. To achieve this, different actions have been performed: evaluation of the potential and accessible market starting from metropolitan crops; analysis of the panoramaof intellectual property for the identified markets; chemical characterization of ground plant meals and their soluble and insoluble fractions; applicability of the different obtained fractions, in terms of foaming power, emulsifier and gelifier; first application tests starting from rapeseed and sunflower meals in the wood panel board domain. The obtained results have allowed: to draw up a map of the inventive activity bound to the valorization of proteins from rapeseed, sunflower and soy meals and pea flour in various applications, highlighting the dynamism and the growing interest for industrials and academics to use oleo-proteaginous plant proteins; to explore techno-functional properties brought by these plantmeals and their derivatives, in particular in the wood panel domain.La demande mondiale en produits bio-sourcés en pleine expansion engendre un intérêt croissant pour la recherche de nouvelles ressources de matières premières. Pour générer une valeur économique accrue dans les filières oléo-protéagineuses, les tourteaux, co-produits de l'extraction de l'huile, présentent des qualités pouvant être exploitées dans des secteurs diversifiés. Ces tourteaux sont principalement commercialisés en alimentation animale, mais restent peu utilisés dans le secteur de la chimie ou encore de l'alimentation humaine. Afin d'en étendre les applications, le prétraitement de la matière par broyage et classification granulométrique offre des perspectives technologiques pour la conception de nouveaux procédés d'extraction de composés d'intérêt. Le présent article a pour objectif : d'examiner la pertinence d'une diversification du marché des tourteaux, hors usage traditionnel et dans le secteur de la chimie ; de caractériser la composition chimique des tourteaux ainsi que leurs propriétés techno-fonctionnelles ; d'évaluer la faisabilité de valoriser ces tourteaux ainsi que leurs différentes fractions comme substituts ou additifs permettant la réduction de la teneur en produits d'origine fossile, par exemple, dans la production de formulations adhésives pour les panneaux de particules. Pour ce faire, un certain nombre d'actions ont été menées : évaluation du marché potentiel et accessible à partir des cultures métropolitaines ; analyse du panorama de la propriété intellectuelle pour les marchés identifiés ; caractérisation chimique des tourteaux broyés et de ses fractions solubles et insolubles ; applicabilité des différentes fractions obtenues, en termes de pouvoir moussant, émulsifiant et gélifiant ; premiers tests d'application à partir de tourteaux de colza et de tournesol dans le domaine des panneaux de bois composite. Les résultats obtenus ont permis : de dresser une cartographie de l'activité inventive liée à la valorisation des protéines de tourteaux de soja, colza, tournesol et farine de pois dans des applications variées en mettant en avant le dynamisme et l'intérêt croissant d'industriels et d'universitaires pour l'utilisation des protéines d'origines oléo-protéagineuses ; d'explorer les propriétés techno-fonctionnelles apportées par ces tourteaux broyés et leurs dérivés, en particulier dans les domaines des panneaux de bois composit

Sequential analysis of 18 genes in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia reveals an association between mutational status and clinical outcome

International audiencePhiladelphia-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal diseases characterized by driver mutations of JAK2, MPL, or CALR. Additional mutations may occur in epigenetic regulators, signaling, or splicing genes that may be useful in the prognostic assessment of MPN patients. In primary myelofibrosis, molecular-based prognostic scoring systems have been recently proposed, but few data are available to date for polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). In this study, we used a next generation sequencing-based 18-gene panel in 50 JAK2V617F positive PV and JAK2V617F positive ET patients from an institutional cohort investigated at diagnosis and at 3-year follow-up (3y). Disease progression at 3y was defined by a composite criterion. Patients (28 PV and 22 ET) were included according to their clinical status, with or without disease progression. At diagnosis, we found 28 additional mutations in 21 of the 50 patients. Patients with disease progression were more likely to have at least one additional mutation. There was no difference between PV and ET. All patients with two or more additional mutations exhibited disease progression at 3y. No novel mutations appeared at 3y. The allele burden increase by at least one mutation at 3y was more frequent in patients with disease progression. Our data suggest that screening for additional mutations in PV and ET could identify patients at a higher risk of disease progression