Méthode pour exercer l'oreille a la mesure, dans l'art de la danse.

In part one of this treatise, Bacquoy-Guédon (fl. 1780) presents a short history of dance as well as arguments in favor of dancing. The focus of this section is devoted to performance of contredanses and minuets. Part two contains eight-bar triple-meter airs for minuets and eight-bar duple-meter airs for contredanses, all composed for a single treble instrument. Additional music is included for a variant of the contredanse called the contredanse allemande (in triple-meter), a marche, and two rigaudons. The treatise concludes with a diagram of figures and music for the minuet."Seconde partie, contenant des airs de différens mouvemens, pour exercer l'oreille à la mesure, dans le menuet & dans la contre-danse," with special t.-p.: 1 l., 20 p

Recueil de menuets avec la basse chiffrée...

Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RISMIm

Descriptive and functional anatomy of the Heschl Gyrus: historical review, manual labelling and current perspectives

Purpose The Heschl Gyrus (HG), which includes the Primary Auditory Cortex (PAC), lies on the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus (T1). It has been the subject of growing interest in the fields of neuroscience over the past decade. Given the considerable interhemispheric and interindividual variability of its morphology, manual labelling remains the gold standard for its radio-anatomical study. The aim of this study was to revisit the original work of Richard L. Heschl, to provide a broad overview of the available anatomical knowledge and to propose a manually labelled 3D digital model. Methods We reviewed existing works on the HG, from Heschl’s original publication of 1878, Dejerine neuroanatomical atlas of 1895 to the most recent digital atlases (Julich-Brain Cytoarchitectonic Atlas, the Human Connectome Project). Our segmentation work was based on data from the BigBrain Project and used the MRIcron 2019 software. Results The original publication by Heschl has been translated into French and English. We propose a correspondence of previous nomenclatures with the most recent ones, including the Terminologia Neuroanatomica. Finally, despite the notable anatomical variability of the HG, clear and coherent segmentation criteria allowed us to generate a 3D digital model of the HG. Discussion and conclusion Heschl's work is still relevant and could impulse further anatomical and functional studies. The segmentation criteria could serve as a reference for manual labelling of the HG. Furthermore, a thorough, and historically based understanding of the morphological, microstructural and functional characteristics of the HG could be useful for manual segmentation

Dejerine-Roussy syndrome

On June 7, 1906, Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) and Gustave Roussy (1874–1948) presented to the Société de Neurologie de Paris the first description of the thalamic syndrome with serial-section microscopic images. They also provided the first account of central poststroke pain (CPSP). They suggested that pain is one of the primary symptoms of the syndrome, although one of their own patients (“Hud”) did not have pain. Several contemporary studies have highlighted the involvement of the anterior part of the pulvinar (PuA) in patients with CPSP of thalamic origin. Two historical observations (cases Jos and Hud) are reviewed here using the Morel nuclei staining atlas (2007). Dejerine and Roussy proposed the “irritative theory” to explain CPSP of thalamic origin and, in line with the most recent literature, they invoked the involvement of the PuA. When matching images for the Jos and Hud cases with the Morel atlas, it appears that the lesions involved what Dejerine then termed the noyau externe; that is, the ventral posterolateral nucleus and the PuA. In the Jos case, the lesion extended medially to what Dejerine termed the noyau médian de Luys; that is, the central medial–parafascicular nuclei, whereas in the Hud case the lesion extended more inferiorly. From the finding in the Hud case, one can hypothesize that impairment of the PuA alone does not assure pain. The work of Dejerine and Roussy, based on clinico-anatomical correlations, remains relevant to this day

Are compound leaves more complex than simple ones? A multi-scale analysis

International audienceBackground and Aims The question of which cellular mechanisms determine the variation inleaf size has been addressed mainly in plants with simple leaves. It is addressed here in tomatotaking into consideration the expected complexity added by the several lateral appendagescomposing the compound leaf, the leaflets.Methods Leaf and leaflet areas, epidermal cell number and areas, and endoreduplication(co-)variations were analyzed in Solanum lycopersicum cv. considering heteroblastic series in awild-type (Wva106) and an antisense mutant, the Pro35S:Slccs52AAS line, and upon droughttreatments. All plants were grown in an automated phenotyping platform, PHENOPSIS adaptedto host plants grown in 7L pots.Key results Leaf area, leaflet area and cell number increased with leaf rank until reaching aplateau. In contrast, cell area slightly decreased and endoreduplication did not follow any trend.In the transgenic line, leaf area, leaflet areas and cell number of basal leaves were lower than inthe wild-type, but higher in upper leaves. Reciprocally, cell area was higher in basal leaves andlower in upper ones. When scaled up at the whole sympodial unit, all these traits did not differsignificantly between the transgenic line and the wild-type. In response to drought, leaf area wasreduced with a clear dose effect that was also reported for all size-related traits, includingendoreduplication.Conclusions These results bring evidence that all leaflets have the same cellular phenotypes thanthe leaf they belong to. Consistently with results reported for simple leaves, they show that cellnumber rather than cell size determines the final leaf areas and that endoreduplication can beuncoupled from leaf and cell sizes. Finally, they re-question a whole plant control of cell divisionand expansion in leaves when the Wva106 and the Pro35S:Slccs52AAS lines are compared

Leaf Production and Expansion: A Generalized Response to Drought Stresses from Cells to Whole Leaf Biomass—A Case Study in the Tomato Compound Leaf

International audienceIt is clearly established that there is not a unique response to soil water deficit but that there are as many responses as soil water deficit characteristics: Drought intensity, drought duration, and drought position during plant cycle. For a same soil water deficit, responses can also dier on plant genotype within a same species. In spite of this variability, at least for leaf production and expansion processes, robust tendencies can be extracted from the literature when similar watering regimes are compared. Here, we present response curves and multi-scale dynamics analyses established on tomato plants exposed to dierent soil water deficit treatments. Results reinforce the trends already observed for other species: Reduction in plant leaf biomass under water stress was due to reduction in individual leaf biomass and areas whereas leaf production and specific leaf area were not aected. The dynamics of leaf expansion was modified both at the leaf and cell scales. Cell division and expansion were reduced by drought treatments as well as the endoreduplicationprocess. Combining response curves analyses together with dynamic analyses of tomato compound leaf growth at dierent scales not only corroborate results on simple leaf responses to drought but also increases our knowledge on the cellular mechanisms behind leaf growth plasticity

Superficial middle cerebral vein connection to the cavernous sinus is not infrequent in brain arteriovenous malformations: an argument against their congenital origin?

International audienceIntroductionThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) is frequently absent or fails to connect with the cavernous sinus (CS) in the presence of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), a frequently reported argument for the congenital origin of brain AVMs.MethodsThe SMCV was retrospectively compared between patients with a brain AVM and a control group. The presence or absence of the SMCV, its direct or indirect connection to the CS and its termination in a laterocavernous sinus (LCS), paracavernous sinus (PCS), or directly in the CS was studied on digital subtraction angiography.ResultsOne hundred twenty-five left or right side carotid angiograms from 70 patients with a brain AVM were compared to 125 angiograms from 74 controls. The SMCV was present in 88 (70.4 %) cases in the brain AVM group and 96 (76.8 %) cases in controls (p = 0.25). The SMCV was connected directly or indirectly to the CS in 65 (52 %) cases in the brain AVM group and 65 (52 %) cases in controls (p = 1). When comparing the subgroup of carotid angiograms ipsilateral to a supratentorial AVM, no statistically significant difference was found with controls. In three of six cases in which a SMCV drained an AVM, the vein terminated directly or indirectly in the CS.ConclusionsNo difference of SMCV presence and direct or indirect connection to the CS was found between patients with AVM and a control group. SMCV anatomy does not support the congenital origin of brain AVMs

Predictive score for complete occlusion of intracranial aneurysms treated by flow-diverter stents using machine learning

International audienceBackground: Complete occlusion of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) after the deployment of a flow-diverter stent is currently unpredictable. The aim of this study was to develop a predictive occlusion score based on pretreatment clinical and angiographic criteria.Methods: Consecutive patients with ≥6 months follow-up were included from 2008 to 2019 and retrospectively analyzed. Each IA was evaluated using the Raymond-Roy occlusion classification (RROC) and dichotomized as occluded (A) or residual (B/C); 80% of patients were randomly assigned to the training sample. Feature selection and binary outcome prediction relied on logistic regression and threshold maximizing class separation selected by a CART tree algorithm. The feature selection was addressed by a genetic algorithm selected from the 30 pretreatment available variables.Results: The study included 146 patients with 154 IAs. Feature selection yielded a combination of six variables with a good cross-validated accuracy on the test sample, a combination we labeled DIANES score (IA diameter, indication, parent artery diameter ratio, neck ratio, side-branch artery, and sex). A score of more than -6 maximized the ability to predict RROC=A with sensitivity of 87% (95% CI 79% to 95%) and specificity of 82% (95% CI 64% to 96%) in the training sample. Accuracy was 86% (95% CI 79% to 94%). In the test sample, sensitivity and specificity were 89% (95% CI 77% to 98%) and 60% (95% CI 33% to 86%), respectively. Accuracy was 81% (95% CI 69% to 91%).Conclusion: A score was developed as a grading scale for prediction of the final occlusion status of IAs treated with a flow-diverter stent