Non-surgical methods of pain treatment improving the quality of life of patients with endometriosis

Introduction : Endometriosis is a disease that currently affects 10-15% of women of reproductive age worldwide. The main problem of female patients, in addition to infertility, is pain, which varies greatly, significantly reduces the quality of life and affects family, social, sexual and professional life. Pharmacological treatment, which is applied both after the excision of the lesions and in patients who were not eligible for surgery, is an important element of pain therapy. There are also other methods, such as appropriate diet change, supplementation, acupuncture, electrotherapy, which are partially effective. Method : review of the recent literature based on PubMEd ,Google scholar research based on the following keywords : endometriosis treatment, hormonal treatment of endometriosis, quality of life of patients with endometriosis Purpose of work : Comparison of the mode of action and effectiveness of individual non-surgical methods of treating pain in patients with endometriosis

Social media and the possibility of depressive states in young adults

Social media (SM) is now a popular place for content creation and a means of communication between young adults. Their increasing participation in our lives means that they replace us face to face contacts (FTF), which can affect our mental health. The above changes in communication habits may correlate with the occurrence of depressive states and a sense of social isolation. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between the use of MS and the occurrence of depressive states in young adults on the basis of selected literature. The topic of emotional support and a sense of social isolation will also be discussed. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to select the appropriate literature, and only research was used.  The cited studies on the use of MS and depression showed that people who spent the most time on social media showed an increased risk of experiencing a depressed mood. Another study analyzed the likelihood of depression depending on the method of emotional support. The comparison of emotional support in FTF (face to face) communication with the support obtained through MS showed that the possibility of depressive symptoms was lower for FTF communication and higher for the second method, respectively. The use of social media among young adults contributes to an increased risk of depression, perceived social isolation and reduced emotional support. Moreover, it has been proven that addiction to MS positively correlates with the presence of depressive symptoms

The effect of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on the onset of speech disorders and communication problems in children and adolescents

Alcohol consumption has many negative effects on the human body, and has been proven to have teratogenic effects on fetal development. Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with growth deficits and neurodevelopmental disorders, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Despite such effects, there are still many women who do not give up the consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy. This article, based on a review of available studies on PubMed, examines whether prenatal alcohol exposure can cause problems in children's speech development and promote communication problems in children, as well as in adolescents.  Longitudinal observations on prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have shown that children up to the age of 3 after PAE have difficulties in receptive or expressive communication compared to a group not prenatally exposed to alcohol. Alcohol has been shown to be the overriding factor causing disorders in the development of the brain and nervous system, which are the main structures responsible for the process of speech development and also the formation of communication skills. Studies among adolescents with PAE have shown that they have weaker spoken and written language skills than those without PAE or with low PAE. This also translates into difficulties in developing their communication skills, which can make it much more difficult for them to become independent and move smoothly through the difficult period of adolescence

Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the expression of proinflammatory proteins in murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cells

Zinc is a microelement essential for the body. It has a great impact on the proper development and renewal of tissues, reproductive system, skin condition, or immune processes. Zincis involved practically in all aspects of the immune system and the production and activation of white blood cells. This work aimed to determine the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) on the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins in murine macrophages RAW 264.7, activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using the immunodetection technique the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES), prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP receptor) and nuclear factor Nrf2 was determined. Statistically the highest expression of COX-2, cPGES, and FP receptor was observed in LPS-activated macrophages. RAW 264.7 cells supplementation with ZnONP 100 nmol and 500 nmol and LPS activation resulted in repression of COX-2 and cPGES, and an increased expression of Nrf2 protein when compared to control. The results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect and activation of the antioxidant system by ZnONP in RAW 264.7 macrophages. It seems appropriate to conduct further research on the molecular mechanism of action of ZnONP in eukaryotic cells