Boosting Speech-to-Text software potential

The article focuses on finding ways of boosting efficiency and accuracy of Speech-to-Text (STT)-powered input. The effort is triggered by the growing popularity of the software among professional translators, which is in line with the general trend of abandoning typing in favor of speech-to-text application

Leveraging VBA in translation

The article is focused on finding ways for the VBA application in translation. Most of the macro code solutions available online date back to the early 2000s. Given the fact, the researchers decided to look into the usefulness of the instrument in today's environment, which has changed significantly over the two decade

Molecular packing, piezo- and pyroelectric properties of tert-butyl N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(S)-prolinamide

The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 16-33-60122). The equipment of the Ural Centre for Shared Use “Modern Nanotechnologies” UrFU and Centre for Joint Use “Spectroscopy and Analysis of Organic Compounds” was used

Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise in numerous domains, there are concerns about generalizability to out-of-sample data. This is currently addressed by centrally sharing ample, and importantly diverse, data from multiple sites. However, such centralization is challenging to scale (or even not feasible) due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative to train accurate and generalizable ML models, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present findings from the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 healthcare institutions across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, utilizing the largest dataset of such patients ever used in the literature (25,256 MRI scans from 6,314 patients). We demonstrate a 33% improvement over a publicly trained model to delineate the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% improvement over the tumor's entire extent. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more studies in healthcare informed by large and diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further quantitative analyses for glioblastoma via performance optimization of our consensus model for eventual public release, and 3) demonstrate the effectiveness of FL at such scale and task complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data sharing

Fragment-based approach to novel bioactive purine derivatives

Using purine as a scaffold, the methods for preparation of novel 2-aminopurine and purine derivatives substituted at position C6 by the fragments of natural amino acids, short peptides, andN-heterocycles, including enantiopure ones, have been proposed. The methods for determination of the enantiomeric purity of the obtained chiral compounds have been developed. Conjugates exhibiting high antimycobacterial or antiherpesvirus activity against both laboratory and multidrug-resistant strains were revealed among the obtained compounds. © 2020 De Gruyter. All rights reserved.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 19-13-00231Funding : The reviewed studies were financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 19-13-00231)

Analytical hierarchy process as a tool supporting a decision-making for assessment of the risk of transboundary infectious animal disease introduction to the Russian Federation and previously disease-free territories

The livestock industry is increasingly taking its place in the economy of the Russian Federation. Its export potential is actively growing. Already, up to 10% of agricultural products are exported to foreign markets. The demand for food steadily increases during crises, which in turn increases the role of the veterinary service, whose tasks include protecting the country’s territory from the introduction of infectious diseases of animals from foreign countries; implementation of measures to prevent and eliminate infectious and other diseases in agricultural, domestic, zoo and other animals, fur-bearing animals, birds, fish and bees, as well as the implementation of plans of the regional veterinary service in the field of animal husbandry. The article assesses the validity of the possibilities and use of modern methods of analyzing and predicting the spread of animal morbidity, identifying cause-and-effect relationships and the extent of the spread of particularly dangerous animal diseases. The authors propose to consider the possibility of using the mathematical method of hierarchy analysis as a scientifically sound decisionmaking support tool when assessing the risk of introducing trans-border infectious animal diseases into previously prosperous territories of the Russian Federation. This approach can be used in the process of choosing the most appropriate alternative from several risk assessment options. The Hierarchy Analysis Method (MAI) is a mathematical tool for a qualitative systematic approach to solving decision-making problems. This method was developed by the American scientist Thomas Lewis Saati in 1970, since then it has been actively developing and widely used in practice. The hierarchy analysis method can be used not only to compare objects, but also to solve more complex management and forecasting tasks

Piezoelectric properties of the crystals of ortho-carboranyl (S)-phenylalanine and (S)-valine derivatives

Piezoelectric response of the crystals of carborane-containing pseudo-dipeptides was measured using the piezoresponse force microscopy. Observable piezocoefficients of the crystals reached 76.2 pC/N. Structure and stereo configuration of compounds affected the piezoelectric response of the crystals.The equipment of Ural Center for Shared Use "Modern Nanotechnology" UrFU has been used. The work was financially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 16-33-60122)

Плазменный источник заряженных частиц для формирования совмещенных ионно-электронных пучков

One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the implementation of ion-plasma technologies of exposure to the surfaces of various materials is partial or full compensation of the positive charge of ions in the stream or on the treated surface, for which additional emitting systems are used that create compensating electron flows in the discharge space, accelerating gap or on the processed surface. It was previously shown that for the implementation of such a compensating effect, it is possible to use plasma sources of charged particles, capable of forming beams of both signs when the polarity of the accelerating voltage is changed. The main problem in this case is the difficulty in achieving simultaneously high emission efficiency of ions and electrons, since the conditions for their emission from plasma are significantly different. This article proposes a concept and a design developed on its basis for a prototype of a multi-discharge plasma electron-ion source for the joint or alternating formation of electron and ion beams. It is shown that the proposed design realizes the possibility of increasing the perveance by compensating for the space charge by particles of the opposite sign. A number of characteristics of the developed model of a plasma electron-ion source (current-voltage characteristics of the extraction of electrons and ions) are presented and its prospects for further development of an electron-ion source for industrial use on its basis are shown. Combined or alternating ion-electron beams formed in the presented source can be used to implement the technology of applying thin-film layers of metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics to maintain ionization processes and ensure stable discharge burning, compensation of both the space charge in the beam and the surface charge on the formed film.Одним из способов повышения эффективности реализации ионно-плазменных технологий воздействия на поверхности различных материалов является частичная или полная компенсация положительного заряда ионов в потоке или на обрабатываемой поверхности, для чего используются дополнительные эмитирующие системы, которые создают компенсирующие электронные потоки в разрядное пространство, ускоряющий промежуток или на обрабатываемую поверхность. Для реализации такого компенсирующего воздействия возможно применение плазменных источников заряженных частиц, способных при изменении полярности ускоряющего напряжения формировать пучки обоих знаков. Основная проблема при этом заключается в сложности достижения одновременно высокой эффективности эмиссии ионов и электронов, поскольку условия их эмиссии из плазмы существенно различаются. В данной статье предложена концепция и разработанная на ее основе конструкция макета мультиразрядного плазменного электронно-ионного источника для совместного или попеременного формирования электронных и ионных пучков. Показано, что в предложенной конструкции реализуется возможность повышения первеанса за счет компенсации объемного заряда частицами противоположного знака. Приведен ряд характеристик разработанного макета плазменного электронно-ионного источника (вольтамперные характеристики извлечения электронов и ионов) и показана его перспективность для дальнейшей разработки на его основе электронно-ионного источника для промышленного применения. Совмещенные или попеременные ионно-электронные пучки, формируемые в представленном источнике, могут быть использованы при реализации технологий нанесения тонкопленочных слоев металлов, полупроводников и диэлектриков для поддержания процессов ионизации и обеспечения устойчивого горения разряда, компенсации как объемного заряда в пучке, так и поверхностного на формируемой пленке

Chapter 4: The LOTUS regression model

One of the primary motivations of the LOTUS effort is to attempt to reconcile the discrepancies in ozone trend results from the wealth of literature on the subject. Doing so requires investigating the various methodologies employed to derive long-term trends in ozone as well as to examine the large array of possible variables that feed into those methodologies and analyse their impacts on potential trend results. Given the limited amount of time, the LOTUS group focused on the most common methodology of multiple linear regression and performed a number of sensitivity tests with the goal of trying to establish best practices and come to a consensus on a single regression model to use for this study. This chapter discusses the details and results of the sensitivity tests before describing the components of the final single model that was chosen and the reasons for that choice