Poles in the russian penal system and Siberia as a penal colony (1815-1914): a quantitative examination

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht anhand (recht unzuverlässiger) kriminalstatistischer Unterlagen das russische Herrschaftssystem insbesondere im besetzten Polen. Die Daten zeigen generell, daß in Rußland und im besetzten Polen die jeweilige politische Situation einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf die Rechtsprechung und die Kriminalitätsraten hatte. Unter diesem dominanten politischen Einfluß entwickelte sich das System der 'Strafkolonien', ein im modernen Sinne außerrechtlicher Apparat von Bestrafung und Unterdrückung. Das halbfeudale zaristische Rußland konnte seine Herrschaft nur mittels dieses repressiven Systems behaupten. (pmb)'This study concentrates on punishment as one of the crucial elements of Russian domestic policy, especially in the Polish territories under Russian occupation. The statistical approach is difficult especially since the quality of Russian statistics is so poor. Moreover, there was no meaningful relationship between the official data and reality. To understand this fact, we have provided general information about the principles of Russian material law and procedure and we have stressed the extra-judicial system of punishment and repression. The crime coefficients do not demonstrate any long-term growth. It is interesting, however, that they show a general downward tendency in offences against property especially as they demonstrated an opposite trend in cases of crimes against the state and against the person. In Russia and especially in Poland, the political situation had an important impact on the increase or decrease in crime, sentencing, and punishment rates. The coefficient of convicted persons was low, but there were widespread prosecutions outside of the official juridical procedure. Penal policy played a special role in regard to the practices of exile and katorga. The development of modern prisons came slowly. The death penalty was contained in the military code and it was often applied even on the civilian population. Whipping survived until 1824. Political repression played a tremendous role in the history of Russian penal policy.' (author's abstract

Best Practices.COOP-TRAF JLS/2005/AGIS/156. AGIS Programme, 2005

This research has been conducted by eight partners in four European countries: in Spain, four partners have participated: Centro de Investigación en Criminología - Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, the NGO Proyecto Esperanza, Two national police forces represented by the law enforcement units in charge of the fight against trafficking in persons: Cuerpo Nacional de Policía (Comisaría General de Extranjería y ocumentación) and Guardia Civil (Unidad de Policía Judicial). From Portugal, our partner has been the Instituto Nacional de Policia e Ciencias Criminaes. From Poland, two partners have participated: The NGO La Strada Foundation and the Warsaw University, and finally, from Italy, the NGO On the Road has been our partner. The aim of the project was to elaborate a best practices guide in order to improve preventive strategies to fight against the phenomenon of THBSE and to improve social integration and support for the victims. Public (members of law enforcement units and members of Judiciary) and private (members of the NGOs) practitioners have participated in two focus group in every country to find strategies to improve cooperation between them and to integrate their experiences and practices in proactive activities to reduce THBSE and to promote victims’ social integratio

Effects of trans-endocardial delivery of bone marrow-derived CD133+ cells on angina and quality of life in patients with refractory angina: A sub-analysis of the REGENT-VSEL trial

Background: The REGENT-VSEL trial demonstrated a neutral effect of transendocardial injection of autologous bone marrow (BM)-derived CD133+ in regard to myocardial ischemia. The current sub-analysis of the REGENT VSEL trial aims to assess the effect stem cell therapy has on quality of life (QoL) in patients with refractory angina.Methods: Thirty-one patients (63.0 ± 6.4 years, 70% male) with recurrent CCS II–IV angina, despite optimal medical therapy, enrolled in the REGENT-VSEL single center, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial. Of the 31 patients, 16 individuals were randomly assigned to the active stem cell group and 15 individuals were randomly assigned to the placebo group on a 1:1 basis. The inducibility of ischemia, (≥ one myocardial segment) was confirmed for each patient using Tc-99m SPECT. QoL was measured using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Each patient completed the questionnaire prior to treatment and at the time of their outpatient follow-up visits at 1, 4, 6, and 12 months after cell/placebo treatment.Results: The main finding of the REGENT-VSEL trial sub-analysis was that transendocardial injection of autologous BM-derived CD133+ stem cells in patients with chronic refractory angina did not show significant improvement in QoL in comparison to the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between cell therapy and placebo in a number of patients showing improvement of at least 1 Canadian Cardiovascular Society class during the follow-up period.Conclusions: Intra-myocardial delivery of autologous CD133+ stem cells is safe and feasible but does not show a significant improvement in the QoL or angina pectoris symptoms in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia

European sourcebook of crime and criminal justice statistics – 2021

This is the sixth edition of a data collection initiative that started in 1993 under the umbrella of the Council of Europe and has been continued since 2000 by an international group of experts that created the European Sourcebook of Criminal Justice e.V.1 and is also a Working Group of the European Society of Criminology. These experts act as regional coordinators of a network of national correspondents whose contribution has been decisive in collecting and validating data on a variety of subjects from 42 countries.2 This edition of the Sourcebook is composed of six chapters. The first five cover the current main types of national crime and criminal justice statistics – police, prosecution, conviction, prison, and probation statistics – for the years 2011 to 2016, providing detailed analysis for 2015. The sixth chapter covers national victimization surveys, providing rates for the main indicators every five years from 1990 to 2015. As with every new edition of the Sourcebook, the group has tried to improve data quality as well as comparability and, where appropriate, increase the scope of data collection. For example, offence definitions were updated to reflect the lessons learned from previous editions.peer-reviewe

Crime in Enlarged Europe: Comparison of Crime Rates and Victimization Risks

assault, comparison of crime statistics, police statistics, robbery, victimization risk,

Within- and between-person factor structure of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: Analysis of a diary study using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis

The study examined the factor structure of burnout, as measured with the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. The participants were 235 employees of a public administration agency who assessed their burnout online for 10 consecutive working days. Two models were tested with multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, assuming the same one or two-factor structure at the within- and between-person levels. Both models showed a reasonable fit to the data, but due to a strong correlation between exhaustion and disengagement and low within-person reliability for disengagement, a unidimensional model seems more valid. A cross-level invariance was not confirmed for either of the structures, showing that factor loadings for the same items differ significantly between the levels. This suggests that burnout is not the same latent variable at each level; rather, there are factors other than daily burnout that influence person-level scores and ignoring these across-level discrepancies may lead to biased conclusions

The Many Faces of Youth CrimeContrasting Theoretical Perspectives on Juvenile Delinquency across Countries and Cultures /

VIII, 367 p. 63 illus.online resource

Within- and between-person factor structure of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: Analysis of a diary study using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis

The study examined the factor structure of burnout, as measured with the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. The participants were 235 employees of a public administration agency who assessed their burnout online for 10 consecutive working days. Two models were tested with multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, assuming the same one or two-factor structure at the within- and between-person levels. Both models showed a reasonable fit to the data, but due to a strong correlation between exhaustion and disengagement and low within-person reliability for disengagement, a unidimensional model seems more valid. A cross-level invariance was not confirmed for either of the structures, showing that factor loadings for the same items differ significantly between the levels. This suggests that burnout is not the same latent variable at each level; rather, there are factors other than daily burnout that influence person-level scores and ignoring these across-level discrepancies may lead to biased conclusions

European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics - 2006

In 1993, the Council of Europe charged a Committee of Experts with the preparation of a feasibility study concerning collection of crime and criminal justice data for Europe. There were reservations regarding the comparability of legal systems, offence definitions and data collection procedures between different countries but it was recognised that, despite similar problems (such as offence definitions and data collection procedures which may vary between U.S. States as they do between European countries), the American Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics provides information on all the U.S. States. The members of the Council of Europe’s experts’ committee decided to carry out a feasibility study by collecting data on offences and offenders recorded by the police, prosecutions, convictions and corrections through members of that Committee who had access to the data in 10 particular countries. The report was received favourably and in 1995, the Council of Europe decided to enlarge the Committee in order to include other parts of Europe. The first official edition of the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics was published by the Council of Europe in 1999. It covered 36 countries and relied on national correspondents in each country. After the first edition, the Council of Europe was no longer able to sustain the costs of the project. The UK Home Office, the Dutch Ministry of Justice Research and Documentation Centre (WODC) and the Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs (through the University of Lausanne) appreciated the value of such a publication and a network of national correspondents. Consequently, they agreed to share the financial and other resource implications in order to produce a second edition. A smaller Committee of Experts reviewed the first edition in an attempt to improve the comparability of the figures wherever feasible. After the publication of the second edition in late 2003, several contacts were made in order to stabilize the project under a different umbrella. It turned out, however, that a new formula could not be found within reasonable time limits. In order to avoid that data become outdated, the Committee decided to publish the present (third) edition, concentrating on updating trend data on offences and offenders known to the police as well as convictions and corrections. For more detailed analyses, such as sentencing patterns and alternative sanctions, the available resources did not allow for updates on the information contained in the second edition. For these – rather stable – areas, the reader will have to consult the second edition or the European Sourcebook website. Finally, the website will also contain information on errors in the second edition and raw data including comments provided by our national correspondents