An Evaluation of Field Management Practices to Improve Bobwhite Habitat

Conversion of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) to managed native warm-season grasses (nwsg) and associated forbs benefits many wildlife species that depend on early successional habitat. Planting nwsg, however, may not be necessary depending on the composition of the seedbank. Treatments were implemented in a randomized complete block design with replication during 2003 and 2004 at three study sites across Tennessee to determine the effects of seasonal herbicide applications and disking on tall fescue eradication and resulting vegetation composition and structure. Treatments included: fall glyphosate (2.2 kg ai/ha; Gly-4 2qt/ac); fall glyphosate followed by winter disking; fall imazapic (0.2 kg ai/ha; Plateau 12 oz/ac); fall imazapic followed by winter disking; spring glyphosate; spring glyphosate followed by fall disking; spring imazapic; and spring imazapic followed by fall disking. Vegetation composition and structure were measured June – September, and November 2004 and February, April, and June – September 2005. All treatments reduced tall fescue cover compared to control one growing season after treatment. Fall herbicide applications with and without disking decreased tall fescue cover more than spring treatments when measured two growing seasons after treatment. Reduction in tall fescue improved openness at ground level during the brooding season and angle of obstruction during the wintering period for bobwhites. Disking following herbicide application increased cover of bobwhite food plants, including common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisifolia), beggar’s-lice (Desmodium spp.), and beggar-ticks (Bidens spp.). Imazapic increased cover of desirable nwsg, such as broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virginicus); however on 2 sites, imazapic applications resulted in increased cover of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), which was structurally identical to tall fescue. Fall glyphosate applications are recommended to eradicate tall fescue. If certain undesirable plants are suspected to germinate from the seedbank after tall fescue is removed, an imazapic application may be necessary in April or May to control species such as johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Reversing the biblical tide: What Kuruman teaches London about mission in a Post-Colonial era1

Through a case study focusing on the shift from the London Missionary Society (LMS) to the Council for World Mission (CWM) this essay argues that there is a hermeneutical circle between the Bible and mission. A particular reading of the Bible led the missionaries of the LMS to Africa, and their concern to promote the Bible led to the translation and printingof the Bible in indigenous languages — most famously into Setswana by Robert Moffat at Kuruman. Inevitably, the availability of the Bible in indigenous languages led to new ways of understanding the church and mission from the perspective of the South. This post-colonial dynamic led to changes in the LMS and to the emergence of CWM in 1977. The essay then pursues the argument by showing how over the thirty years of CWM’s lifethere continues to be the development of a biblical vision for mission that takes seriously the perspectives of the post-colonial world

The Breeding System and Distribution of Tetrahymena pyriformis. *

Seven hundred twenty samples of water from 46 states and the province of Ontario, Canada, were collected and examined for Tetrahymena pyriformis. Thirty-four hundred clonal cultures of the ciliate were isolated from the 154 (21%) positive samples and grown axenically in peptone medium. The breeding behavior of strains from these 154, sources was investigated by mixing clonal cultures in various combinations. Eight sources yielded selfing strains and 52 yielded strains capable of mating only in certain combinations. Thirty new mating types in seven new non-interbreeding varieties were discovered. Ninety of the 154 collections yielded non-conjugating strains. Fifty of these proved to be amicronucleate. Distribution of variety 2 organisms was the most widespread; 22 collections from 11 states and Ontario, Canada, were obtained. Variety 3 was collected 14 times from seven states. Other varieties were found less often. The ciliate was found about as often in running as in standing water, but certain varieties were found predominantly in one or the other habitat.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75019/1/j.1550-7408.1955.tb02419.x.pd

Toward a Reformed-liberation biblical hermeneutic: with a particular focus on Karl Barth's view of scripture and its interpretation

This thesis arises out of the recognition that Reformed theology in South Africa needs to respond creatively to the challenges of Liberation theology. One of the more pressing areas in which this challenge and response is felt is the area of the Bible and its interpretation, and hence we take as our focus the possibility of a Reformed-Liberation hermeneutic

Routes of the Uruk Expansion

The late fourth millennium B.C. of Mesopotamia is best known for an expansion of material culture from Southern Mesopotamia known as the Uruk Expansion or Uruk Phenomenon. The precise nature of this expansion remains unknown, but at its core it evidences unprecedented levels of interregional interaction whether in the form of colonies, trade diasporas, or otherwise. This thesis uses quantitative route analysis to examine the hollow ways across the North Jazira region of northern Mesopotamia before, during, and after the Uruk Expansion in the late fourth millennium B.C. to learn more about the phenomenon. To accomplish this, new methodologies were required. A bottom up method for reconstructing land cover was developed and the first velocity-based terrain coefficients were calculated to factor both land cover and slope into the route models. Additionally, the first quantitative method for directly comparing route models to preserved routes was developed to statistically assess the significance of three physical route choice variables: easiest, fastest, and shortest. First, it is statistically proven that, for the North Jazira, physical variables did not play a major role in route choice, highlighting the importance of cultural variables. Second, it is shown that the routes evidence the formation of polities starting in the late fourth millennium. Thirdly, it is demonstrated that the Uruk Expansion was a disruptive force that broke down previous east-west dynamics, spatially polarizing the population. Furthermore, when east-west movement resumes in the early third millennium B.C., the region remains divided in two distinct sub-regions. Finally, the poor performance of route models based on physical variables frequently used for predicting route locations has implications for the usefulness of this practice, particularly in areas with flatter terrain. What was important to other cultures cannot be assumed, but must be based on evidence from the cultures themselves

Immigration practitioners, brokers, agents: investigating the immigration industry in South Africa

Research report for Master of Arts (MA) in Migration and Displacement (AC000) African Centre for Migration and Society School of Social Science Faculty of Humanities University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, February 2015Most research in the field of migration studies focuses on providing either a sociology of migrants or a political analysis of the regulations which govern immigration. In this research project I have taken a different, structural approach to the field by studying the immigration industry in South Africa through the lens provided by immigration intermediaries. This research examines who immigration intermediaries are; the role they play in and around immigration structures; and the relationship between the Department of Home Affairs (DHA), immigration intermediaries, and immigrants. By using data collected in 16 qualitative, in-depth interviews with actors in the industry, primarily immigration practitioners, the primary aim of this research is to document and analyse the role of immigration intermediaries within the South African immigration industry and the role they have in shaping emerging structures around immigration. With intermediaries as the focus of enquiry, this research has three primary results: the first is a typology of immigration intermediaries; the second is an analysis of the relationship between the DHA and intermediaries which understands the role played by intermediaries as essentially a function that the DHA has outsourced as a result of their inability to effectively manage migration; and the third is an argument that South Africa’s immigration regulations have always, and continue to, ensure the reproduction of a precarious migrant class to the benefit of the South African economy. Research in migration studies tends to focus on either migrants or immigration policy. This research focuses instead on neglected actors and structures, the intermediaries and the institutions they operate within, and brings to the attention of the field the importance of the actors and structures that facilitate immigration in South Africa