Restriction polymorphism maps of Neurospora crassa: updates

When a gene or an unidentified fragment of DNA from an organism has been cloned, it is often useful to map its site of chromosomal origin with respect to known markers

A restriction polymorphism map of Neurospora crassa: More Data

A restriction polymorphism map of Neurospora crassa: More Dat

Restriction polymorphism maps of Neurospora crassa: update

When a gene or other fragment of DNA is cloned. it is often useful to identify the chromosomal region from which it arose

G74-149 Bloat Prevention and Treatment (Revised July 1996)

Bloat is a form of indigestion marked by an excessive accumulation of gas in the rumen. Immediately after cattle consume a meal, the digestive process creates gases in the rumen. Most of the gases are eliminated by eructation (belching). Any interruption of this normal gas elimination results in gas accumulation or bloat. This NebGuide discusses the types of bloat which may occur in cattle and methods to prevent and treat bloat

Evaluation of EPAS1 variants for association with bovine congestive heart failure [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Bovine congestive heart failure (BCHF) has become increasingly prevalent in feedlot cattle in the Western Great Plains of North America. BCHF is an untreatable complex condition involving pulmonary hypertension that culminates in right ventricular failure and death. A protein variant of hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2α, encoded by the endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 gene, EPAS1) was previously reported to be associated with pulmonary hypertension at altitudes exceeding 2,000 m. Our aim was to evaluate EPAS1 haplotypes for association with BCHF in feedlot cattle raised at moderate altitudes (1,200 m). Methods: Paired samples of clinical cases and unaffected controls were collected at four feedlots in Nebraska and Wyoming. Each pair (n =102) was matched for source, pen, breed type, sex, arrival date, and management conditions. Cases were identified by animal caretakers, euthanized, and diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy. Cases were derived from 30 different ranch operations, with the largest source contributing 32. Animals were tested for eight EPAS1 haplotypes encoding 36 possible different diploid combinations. Results: The common, ancestral EPAS1 haplotype encoding HIF2α with alanine (A) at position 606 and glycine (G) at position 610 was equally frequent in cases and controls (0.67). The EPAS1 variant haplotype reported to be associated with disease (encoding threonine (T) at position 606 and serine (S) at position 610) was not enriched in cases compared with controls (0.21 and 0.25, respectively). Frequencies of other EPAS1 haplotypes (e.g., encoding Q270, L362, or G671) were each less than 0.05 overall. McNemar’s test with 45 discordant pairs showed the linked T606/S610 variant was not associated with BCHF (OR = 0.73, CI 0.38 -1.4, p-value = 0.37). Conclusions: HIF2α polypeptide variants were not significantly associated with BCHF in feedlot cattle at moderate altitudes. Thus, a wider search is needed to identify genetic risk factors underlying this disease

Atomistic simulations of dislocation mobility in Al, Ni and Al/Mg alloys

Dislocation velocities and mobilities are studied by Molecular Dynamics simulations for edge and screw dislocations in pure aluminum and nickel, and edge dislocations in Al-2.5%Mg and Al-5.0%Mg random substitutional alloys using EAM potentials. In the pure materials, the velocities of all dislocations are close to linear with the ratio of (applied stress)/(temperature) at low velocities, consistent with phonon drag models and quantitative agreement with experiment is obtained for the mobility in Al. At higher velocities, different behavior is observed. The edge dislocation velocity remains dependent solely on (applied stress)/(temperature) up to approximately 1.0 MPa/K, and approaches a plateau velocity that is lower than the smallest "forbidden" speed predicted by continuum models. In contrast, above a velocity around half of the smallest continuum wave speed, the screw dislocation damping has a contribution dependent solely on stress with a functional form close to that predicted by a radiation damping model of Eshelby. At the highest applied stresses, there are several regimes of nearly constant (transonic or supersonic) velocity separated by velocity gaps in the vicinity of forbidden velocities; various modes of dislocation disintegration and destabilization were also encountered in this regime. In the alloy systems, there is a temperature- and concentration-dependent pinning regime where the velocity drops sharply below the pure metal velocity. Above the pinning regime but at moderate stresses, the velocity is again linear in (applied stress)/(temperature) but with a lower mobility than in the pure metal.Comment: PDF, 30 pages including figures, submitted to Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. En

G92-1075 Club Lamb Fungus Disease

Club lamb fungus disease is a threat to both animals and humans. This guide reports on the disease cause, symptoms and treatment methods. Club lamb fungus disease is a relatively new health problem encountered mostly in sheep being exhibited at fairs and other shows. This disease appears to be contagious to humans and other animals. First reported in 1989, it has occurred mostly in the western United States with epidemics in New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. Reports of the disease have been received from other parts of the country also. The Western States Livestock Health Association met in December, 1990, to discuss this increasingly serious problem. An overview of the discussion at this meeting is contained here. All persons handling affected animals should take proper safety precautions to protect themselves

The effect of value-added management on calf prices at superior livestock auction video markets

Value-added management practices for cow-calf producers have become prevalent as feeders have recognized the value of calves raised with certified health and weaning programs. Export markets requiring age and source verification or non-hormone treated cattle and advancement of markets for naturally raised cattle have also presented profit opportunities for cow-calf producers. This study estimates the value of value-added calf production and marketing programs. Weaned steer calves sold with certified health programs realized $7 to$10 per cwt premiums. Age- and source-verified steers received $1 to$2 per cwt premiums exceeding added costs of about $0.67 per cwt in 2010 despite rapidly expanding supply