Wireline wear resistance of polymeric corrosion barrier coating for downhole applications

Over the last few years, material options for downhole tubing in water injection wells, particularly subsea wells where the cost of workover is prohibitive, have received considerable attention. A great deal of test and field experience demonstrates that the internal tubing coatings currently available do not have sufficient mechanical robustness to survive mechanical damage occurring downhole. The mechanical damage arises from impact tool strike and wireline wear by the supporting wire. This communication reports the results of a study of wireline wear on various coatings under laboratory conditions. Wireline wear was investigated by two means: (1) Reciprocating a loaded wire against the coating; (2) Rotating a wire beneath a loaded-coated pin, using a modified pin-on-disk apparatus

Impact testing of downhole tubing internal coatings

Mechanical damage of downhole tubing coatings through the impact of wireline tools is commonplace. This paper reports the results of laboratory "drop tube" impact tests on a range of commercially available coatings, the study being aimed at defining current coating limitations and directing future coating development work. In summarizing, work carried out thus far, the paper also defines a screening test protocol for intemal tubing coatings, and defines current operational limits for such products

Action of Polyphosphates in Meat Products

The action of polyphosphates on meats has been examined in studies using different meats and has been compared with other treatments. The results were monito red by recording cooked yield and observing changes in structure by electron microscopy. Four possible characteristics of polyphosphates are considered: pH, sequestering action, ionic strength and as an ATP (adenosine triphosphate) analogue. In the conditions used in these experiments, the pH-buffering effect of polyphosphates is found as the principal characteristic in meat products. Some meats were found to be more affected by polyphosphates than others and:. hypothesis is developed to explain this. It is proposed that with meats such as pork, which suffer early pH fall post-mortem, there might be a greater association between sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins than with other meats. The association between sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins may be reversed by increasing the pH of the curing brine and this would allow more dispersion of myofibrillar proteins and hence a higher cooked yield. In most or the meats examined no evidence for specific actomysin solubilisation by polyphosphates was found except in heart and some higher pH beef meat

Post-traumatic stress disorder among individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Study design: Cross-sectional study OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) and to examine the relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics, and PTSD. Setting: Spinal Injury Rehabilitation Center (SIRC) and Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital (DH, KUH), Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal. Methods: Individuals above 18 years of age with TSCI of at least one month from trauma and admitted to SIRC and DH, KUH from June 2019 to May 2021 were included. The specific stress version of the PostTraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL), was utilized. To classify the neurological status of TSCI individuals, International Standard for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) was used. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis between independent variables and normalized PCL score was done to evaluate the predictors of PTSD. Results: Among 163 patients, the overall prevalence of PTSD was 27%, and the mean PCL score was 36 ± 13.9. Factors predictive of PTSD included gender, family type, ethnicity, and literacy rate. No significant association was found between the clinical characteristics and PTSD. Conclusions: PTSD appears to be considerably prevalent among individuals with TSCI in Nepal. Females, individuals from nuclear families, individuals with lower literacy, and individuals from lower caste are significantly vulnerable to developing PTSD. However, clinical characteristics do not appear to be influential in the development of PTSD